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Correction and reconstruction work speech therapists in addressing cross-cutting issues neurorehabilitation
Karpova Elena Grigorievna, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor, Faculty of Management, ANPEO of HE «Odintsovo Humanities University» E-mail: [email protected] Verevkina Elena Aleksandrovna, speech therapist-aphasiology, FSSI«Research Center of Neurology» of the RAOMS, graduate student of FSBEI of HE «Moscow State University of humannity named by M. A. Sholokhov»
E-mail: [email protected]
Oorrection and reconstruction work speech therapists in addressing cross-cutting issues neurorehabilitation
Abstract: the article substantiates the interdisciplinary problem which is related to issues of patient rehabilitation after stroke, requires the solution of a general medical and social and institutional, correctional and educational problems.
Keywords: neurorehabilitation, stroke, type of correctional and pedagogical work, interdisciplinary problem, concept.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), stroke, occupies a leading position after heart disease and cancer [6]. Rehabilitation concept, developed by WHO experts and recommended for implementation in practice with regard to economic, organizational and other capacities of countries, is a system ofmeasures aimed at the most rapid and complete recovery of physical, psychological and social status of the patient. The main objective of these measures — the integration of the patient into society to achieve it possible for the social and economic independence. In Russia, there is more than 500-550 thousand. Strokes per year, that number is equal to the average population of the regional city of [5]. The majority of surviving patients have a variety of functional disorders: the end of the acute period of more than 50 % of patients — speech disorders and other higher mental (cognitive) functions. Based on the study of the works of Russian scientist V. M. Practice Shklovsky, and others. Neuro-rehabilitation seems as hard pathogenetically based process multidisciplinar^ comprehensive treatment and recovery programs with mandatory use of medical methods, medical and psychological, medical and pedagogical and medico-social impact, the significance and intensity of which vary at different stages of the disease, treatment, primarily to the individual patient [1].
The methodology of an interdisciplinary approach to treatment and neuro-rehabilitation was laid neurologists (V. M. Behterev, S. N. Davidenkov), physiology (I. P. Pavlov, L. A. A. Orbeli, P. K. Anohin, N. A. Bernshteyn), psychologists (L. S. Vygotsky, A. R. Luriya, A. N. Leontev, B. G. Ananiev, etc.), teachers, psychologists, speech therapists L. S. Tsvetkova, V. Shklovsky, M. K. Shok-hor and Trotsky (Burlakova), O. S. Orlova, O. P. Purtshvanidze, E. S. Berdnikovich et al. Rehabilitation of patients after cerebral stroke, aimed at disability prevention, reduction of its severity and help to patients in terms of their maximum possible physical, mental, social and vocational adaptation, is one of the most important multidisciplinary (medical, educational, social and et al.) concerns. In this regard, in spite of the significant intensification of the study of many aspects of correction and replacement of pedagogy, medicine, many questions concerning neuro-rehabilitation of patients still remain insufficiently studied [4].
The purpose of the research — to develop a model of correctional and rehabilitation work with a speech therapist rehabilitation of post-stroke patients, based on the concept of rehabilitation potential, including a strategy analysts of this potential and the associated practical issues, technology diagnostic and psycho-pedagogical (speech therapy) support patients after stroke. The content of this
study is defined by the basic contradiction — increasing frequency acute evolving vascular events, including acute cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), an increase in stroke prevalence in people of working age and the lack of effectiveness of existing on the date of the system of rehabilitation and preventive measures, not taking into account the psychological and pedagogical, correctional and pedagogical aspects of rehabilitation potential of patients, their subject position and deficits (not only cognitive, and a host of emotional, personal, and behavioral problems in rehabilitation, caused by organic lesions of the brain). At the heart of the development of the stated fundamental and applied problems is the need to confirm the following hypothesis: the development of conceptual and technological strategy of correction and rehabilitation work speech therapist in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients will reveal the psychological and educational deficits and rehabilitation potential of post-stroke patients, to determine the basic principles of support, taking into account the structure of the psychological activity of correctional-pedagogical potential formation of a subject position of post-stroke patient. Development of rehabilitation technologies correctional health recovery post-stroke patients with regard to the criteria included in the group of patients early, late recovery period and the period of the consequences of acute ischemic attacks would achieve the optimal level ofwell-being and habilitation, which is possible in their situation. Develop a set of measures to improve the pedagogical competence of medical personnel dealing with post-stroke patients, improve the quality of post-stroke rehabilitation care to patients. The result of the study will be the optimal recovery of speech disorders, improving the quality of communication and interpersonal relationships, improving performance of functional systems and optimization of the psycho-emotional sphere of post-stroke patients, which is not limited to the time frame and can quite successfully held in the later periods of recovery. And not only in specialized hospitals, rehabilitation centers, but also in clinics in the community, as well as self-study at home. The lack of comprehensive interventions, including regular sessions with a speech therapist, a teacher, a psychologist reduces the efficiency of the process of reintegration and rehabilitation: the deterioration of the quality of the restoration of speech disorders, quality of communication, reduce the level ofper-formance of functional systems, violation of the psycho-emotional state of post-stroke patients. In the end, it leads to the formation of different types of response to disease (from disharmonious to harmonious). However, despite the obvious relevance and importance of the process of reintegration and rehabilitation of post-stroke
Section 7. Pedagogy
patients in all periods of recovery organization of this process as a process of continuous, integrated and differentiated impact on the post-stroke patient by means of correction and rehabilitation work speech therapist in the process of comprehensive rehabilitation are not well understood [1; 2; 3; 4; 7; 8; 10].
Existing methodological approaches, methods, tools and technologies to the organization and conduct of correctional and rehabilitation work speech therapist in the process of comprehensive rehabilitation of post-stroke patients in the later periods of stroke in order to continue the restoration of speech disorders, improve functional capacity and optimize the psycho-emotional state in clinics in the community and at home require further more detailed study [4; 9].
In summary, we note that a stroke — an interdisciplinary problem, which is related to the issues of nursing and patient rehabilitation
due to the severity of the consequences and complications, requires solving both general medical and social, organizational and pedagogical problems that determines, ultimately, the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation. This is an area of medical psychology, medical, pedagogical and medico-social assistance, which is an integrated, multidisciplinary system is required for the implementation of months or even years. It is a specialized field of activity, which is obligatory under the neuro-rehabilitation process, allowing to achieve the maximum possible recovery of lost higher mental (cognitive), motor function and activities of social functioning of patients with sequelae of focal brain lesions. The complex biomedical and psycho-pedagogical knowledge required for their development of a multidisciplinary approach, where neuropsychology, personality psychology, special psychology and pedagogy occupy a leading position.
References:
1. Wiesel T. G. Restoration of the speech function in patients with different forms of aphasia: handbook/V. M. Shklovsky, T. G. Wiesel. -M.: Publishing house "Sekachev V", 2011. - 100 p.
2. Vygotsky L. S. The development ofhigher mental functions. - M.: Medicine, 1960. - P. 3-13.
3. Luria A. R. Higher cortical functions of man and their disturbances in local brain lesions. - M.: Academic. Prospect, 2000. - 456 p.
4. The neuro-rehabilitation specialized care to patients with focal brain damage resulting from stroke, traumatic brain injury and other disorders of the central nervous system: the methodical letter: approved. Ministry of health RF 06.02.2006 N 504-PX//[Electronic resource]. - Available from: http://rudoctor.net/medicine/bz-aw/med-tmtac/index.htm (Treatment Date 25.03.2016).
5. The official website for the Moscow Health Department//[Electronic resource]. - Available from: http://new.mosgorzdrav.ru (Treatment Date 29.03.2016).
6. The official website of the World Health Organization/Key documents/report "World Health Statistics," Health data from Member States//[Electronic resource]. - Available from: http://www.who.int/ru (Treatment Date 29.03.2016).
7. Shokhor-Trotskaya (Burlakov) M. K. Speech and aphasia: a methodological approach to overcoming speech disorders/M. K. Shokhor-Trotskaya (Burlakov). - M.: Publishing house Eksmo-Press, 2001. - 416 p.
8. Tsvetkova L. S. Neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients: Ouch. Collec. - M.: SAG, 2004. - 424 p.
9. Fabbro F., Moretti R., Bava A. Language impairments in patients with cerebellar lesions//Journal of Neurolinguistics. - 2000. -Vol. 13, № 2-3. - P. 173-188.
10. Robles S., Gatignol G. P., Capelle L. at al. The role of dominant striatum in language: a study using intraoperative electrical stimulations//J. of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. - 2005. - Vol.76. - P. 940-946.
Kriskovets Tatyana, Orenburg State Pedagogical University, DPhil, senior lecturer, associate professor of chair «Pedagogics of high school» Merculova Lyudmila, PhD in pedagogics, associate professor of chair «Pedagogics of high school» E-mail: [email protected]
The idea of scientific professional communication in subject-variative career extension
Abstract: The article discusses the specifics of the subject-variative extension of teacher's professional career as a holistic multi-purpose complex of educational features in its formal, non-formal and informal ways, contributing to the implementation of teacher's career aspirations. The author proves the potential of scientific communication to provide the variety of high-grade, high-quality selection of specific options for a professional career development.
Keywords: subject-variative extension; scientific communication, educational trajectory, life-long education; professional career, variety, career development.
The formation of life-long professional pedagogical educa- The development of the professional career as a way to self-tion is a complex, multifactorial and controversial process. Practice realization can be achieved only through the choice. "To be a pershows that there is no single strategy of the professional career. Each son, — writes Galperin P., — is to be the conscious, socially respon-person is unique, and the process of developing career strategy in sible subjects" [2]. It is the person, who regulates his activity on the each case is unique. basis of consciousness, that constitutes indicative part of his actions.
