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33ЛИТЕРАТУРОВЕДЕНИЕ И ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЯ
УДК 81
СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ КОНЦЕПТОВ «ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ/ TRAVEL» В ЦЕННОСТНОМ АСПЕКТЕ В РУССКОЙ И АНГЛИЙСКОЙ
ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРАХ
Ю.А. Козлова
julia-may16@yandex. ru
Казанский федеральный университет, г. Казань, Россия
Аннотация. Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу понятий "путешествие/travel" в ценностном аспекте в русской и английской лингвокультур. Изучение концептов является актуальным направлением современной лингвистики, так как данный ракурс позволяет рассматривать слово в контексте культуры, знания и коммуникации.
Ключевые слова: лингвистика, концепт, лингвокультура, английская лингвокультура, русская лингвокультура
Для цитирования: Козлова Ю.А. Сопоставительный анализ концептов «Путешествие/Travel» в ценностном аспекте в русской и английской лингвокультурах. Казанский лингвистический журнал. 2019; 2 (1): 95-102. (на англ.)
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPTS «ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ / TRAVEL» IN THE VALUE-BASED ASPECT IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH LINGUISTIC CULTURES
Yu.A. Kozlova
julia-mayl [email protected]
Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia,
Abstract. This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the concepts "путешествие/travel" in the value-based aspect in Russian and English linguistic cultures.
The concepts study is the relevant direction of modern linguistics as this foreshortening allows considering a word in the context of culture, knowledge and communication.
Key words: linguistics, concept, linguistic culture, English linguistic culture, Russian linguistic culture
For citation: Kozlova Yu.A. Comparative analysis of the concepts «Путешествие / Travel» in the value-based aspect in Russian and English linguistic cultures. Kazan Linguistic Journal. 2019; 2 (1): 95-102.
The study of concepts is an actual direction of modern linguistics. This perspective allows us to consider the word in the context of culture, knowledge and communication. Today linguistics considers a wide range of concepts. The study of concepts in the language is one of the most promising areas in linguistic science. Concepts are studied in cognitive (Sternin), cultural (Karasik, Frumkina) aspects, their various interpretations, classifications, methods of research are offered [5; 4; 2]. The concept is considered as a mental and language unit which allows us to identify a number of important issues for linguistics. By studying concepts, we study culture, we embark on the path of not just linguistic analysis but also on the path of comparison of different cultures which requires the scientist to comply with various procedures for verification of the material. The final result of the concepts study is the creation of a culture conceptuary as a complete list of concepts that make up the overall linguistic and mental picture of the world. The study of key concepts in relevant worldviews clarifies a range of issues related to the mentality and culture of different nations. Thus, the key cultural concepts of any language picture of the world include the concept of "travel".
The study of the concept "travel" is relevant for linguistics as it makes possible to turn to specific national and cultural aspects of the certain people worldview reflected by the language which, according to L. G. Chumarova, is not only a means of human communication, an instrument of thought transmission but also it acts as a mirror of national culture, its keeper [1]. At the same time Gorbunova T.S. and Fakhrutdinova A.V. believe that there is no activity in the modern world without the knowledge of foreign languages [3].
The value side of the concept is the importance of this mental education both for the individual and for the team. The value side of the concept is crucial for the concept to be distinguished. "Travel", as a cultural concept, has value characteristics: understanding the need of travel, a positive assessment that was seen during the journey, a negative assessment of the difficulties and dangers along the way. Value characteristics of "travel" as a cultural concept can be established by referring to the analysis of value judgments about this concept expressed in the language. These judgments are expressed in the paremiological fund - proverbs and sayings which are one of the subject matter of linguocultural studies.
To identify the value aspect of the concepts under consideration we analyzed proverbs and sayings of the Russian and English languages. That allowed us to point out the values traditionally associated with these concepts in the minds of Russian and English language personalities in a particular community. Proverbs and sayings of Russian and English cultures can be divided into several groups:
- purpose and description of travel:
Красна дорога ездоками (а обед пирогами).
Мир, что огород: в нем все растет.
There are as many paths as there are travelers.
It's not the finishing point, but the act of travelling which is important.
In a long journey a straw weighs.
In the Russian language there are proverbs that encourage us to travel, for example,
На людей посмотреть и себя показать.
Где дорога, там и путь.
The beginning of the journey is also important as it's said in the English proverbs. The most important thing is to decide, get ready for a journey and the rest will come in the process of travel:
The most difficult step of any journey is the first.
A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
The Russian proverbs tell the story of horses without which the journey was not intended before:
Не бойся дороги, были б кони здоровы.
Куда иного конь везет, туда бедняжку Бог несет.
-teaching:
Печка нежит, а дорожка учит.
Чужая сторона прибавит ума.
Travel broadens the mind, and raises the spirits.
Travel teaches how to see.
-friends in the way:
Умный товарищ - половина дороги.
Одному ехать - и дорога долга.
Good company on the road is the shortest cut.
The man who goes out alone can start today; but he who travels with another must wait till that other is ready.
Based on the factual material it can be noted that in the Russian consciousness an important place is given to fellow travelers. In the English language in this regard there are proverbs which are diametrically opposed in meaning. Pejorative analysis is connected with the fact that you're dependent on a companion and have to wait for him. Therefore it is better to travel alone but with an open mind and heart.
- tips and warnings:
Пешечком верней будешь.
Шибко ехать - не скоро доехать.
Не ходи в море без одежи; море удорожить.
More haste, less speed.
The careful foot can walk anywhere.
It does not matter how slowly you go so long as you do not stop.
Both Russians and the British consider that better not to rush during the journey. However, views about stops along the way are not the same.
In Russian proverbs more practical tips are given, for example,
Казанский лингвистический журнал, 2019, том 2, № 1
В объезд, так к обеду; а прямо, так дай Бог к ночи.
Кто прямо ездит, дома не ночует.
- danger:
Кто в море не бывал, тот горя не видал.
Край земли, конец моря - везде много горя.
It is a long lane that has no turning.
In a long journey a straw weighs.
An interesting fact is that in the English examples there is no concept of the sea despite the fact that England is a naval power. In Russian proverbs the sea is associated with the trouble; there is a contrasting with "friend-or-foe (sea)".
In English there are proverbs and sayings that say that travel is not everything:
Love to travel, but do not make the road your home.
Just because you take to the sea and cross the world, it doesn't guarantee that you will come by treasure.
Studying the proverbs we see that there are many proverbs with the meaning "visiting is good but at home is better", i.e. they do not extol foreign countries but teach to look for good in their native land:
Хороша Москва, да не дома.
За морем теплее, а у нас светлее.
Славны бубны за горами, а к нам придут, что лукошко.
An Englishman's home is his castle.
East or West, the home is best.
The wider we roam, the welcomer home.
They also teach to appreciate the native land and at the same time respect the culture of other nations:
В каком народе живешь, того и обычая держись.
В какой народ придешь, таку и шапку наденешь.
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
Summing up the results of the study we can say that the proverbs and sayings of the Russian consciousness the assessment of travel is prioritized; in the texts describing this concept the subject, purpose and environment of travel are described in detail. In Russian linguistic culture the value understanding of the travel is mostly utilitarian in nature.
In English proverbs the idea of travel is described more:
It's not the finishing point, but the act of travelling which is important.
It's better to travel hopefully than to arrive.
Life itself is compared to a journey:
Life is a journey where the destination is unknown.
There are tips at the spiritual level and about material values.
Travel light - preconception and prejudice are unnecessary luggage.
Journey through your day with efficiency, hope and a sense of humour.
There are many proverbs in the English linguistic culture that note the pleasure from the process of travel. For example:
Somewhere on your journey don't forget to turn around and enjoy the view. Sometimes the most exciting journey you can make is through your own imagination.
Seek out all the places where you can be happy - in the city we pine for the country and in the country we long for the city.
The understanding of the need to a trip is also revealed, a positive assessment that was seen and experienced during the journey. Through the prism of proverbs English see life as a journey and the journey itself as a way of life. In English the value features in the concept of "travel" are mainly ritual in nature and are presented in more detail.
The proverbs and sayings of the Russian people put forward the assessment of travel to the fore; in the texts that reveal this concept, the subject, purpose and environment of travel are described in detail. Also, more practical advice is given, where they teach to appreciate the native land and at the same time respect the culture of other peoples.
The considered English proverbs and sayings concretize the concept of "travel" in the form of various norms of behavior which contributes to the disclosure of its value content and describes the idea of travel. That indicates the relevance of this concept which is an integral part of English society and that is why we can distinguish the attitude of the British to travel as an important means of learning the world.
Thus, travel is understood by representatives of both cultures, primarily as a rest and a discovery of something new and also acts as a way of knowing the world.
Литература
1. Горбунова Т.С., Фахрутдинова А.В. Применение аудиовизуальных средств обучения иностранному языку в неязыковом вузе // Ученые записки КГАВМ, 2014. Т.218. С.64 - 69.
2. Карасик В.И. Антология концептов. М: Гнозис, 2007. С. 312-315.
3. Стернин И.А. Лексическое значение и энциклопедическое знание // Аспекты лексического значения. Воронеж: Изд-во Воронежского ун-та, 1982. С. 10-17.
4. Фрумкина Р.М. Концепт, категория, прототип // Лингвистическая и экстралингвистическая семантика. Сборник обзоров.- М., ИНИОН РАН, 1992. 67с.
5. Чумарова Л.Г. Фольклорные жанры в обучении иностранному языку // Проблемы современного педагогического образования, 2017. Вып.56, ЧастьУШ. С.288-294.
References
1. Chumarova, L.G. (2017). Fol'klornye zhanry v obuchenii inostrannomu yazyku [Folklore genres in foreign language teaching]. Problemy sovremennogo pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya. Vol.56, Part XVIII. Pp. 288-294. (In Russian)
2. Frumkina, R.M. (1992). Koncept, kategoriya, prototip [Concept, category, prototype]. Lingvisticheskaya i ehkstralingvisticheskaya semantika. Sbornik obzorov. M., INION RAN. 67p. (In Russian)
3. Gorbunova, T.S., Fakhrutdinova A.V. (2014). Primenenie audiovizual'nyh sredstv obucheniya inostrannomu yazyku v neyazykovom vuze [The use of audiovisual means of foreign languages teaching in extra-linguistic high educational institution]. Zhurnal Uchenye zapiski KGAVM. T.218. Pp.64-69. (In Russian)
4. Karasik, V.I. (2007). Antologiya konceptov [The anthology of concepts]. M: Gnosis. Pp.312-315 (In Russian)
5. Sternin, I.A. (1982). Leksicheskoe znachenie i ehnciklopedicheskoe znanie [Lexical meaning and encyclopedic knowledge]. Aspekty leksicheskogo znacheniya. Voronezh: Izd-vo Voronezhskogo un-ta. Pp. 10-17. (In Russian)
Авторы публикации
Authors of the publication
Козлова Юлия Александровна -
старший преподаватель Казанский федеральный университет E-mail: [email protected]
Kozlova Yulia Alexandrovna -
senior lecturer
Kazan Federal University
E-mail: [email protected]
Поступила в редакцию 15.01.2019. Принята к публикации 16.02.2019.
