CC BY
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https://doi.org/10.29013/EJA-20-1-85-88
Talaboev A., Akbarov T., Haydarov A., Fergana regional branch of Uzbekistan state institute of art and culture E-mail: talaboyev.azizjon19@gmail.com
SONG PERFORMING IN TRADITIONAL PERFORMING ARTS: PAST AND PRESENT TIME
Abstract. This article describes the past and present state of Uzbek song performing traditions and how they are being studied by young people. It also focuses on classical songs, great songs and variety songs performance.
Keywords: Art, maqom (genre of performing classical song), perform, brochure, bayot (style in uzbek poetry), gazel (style in uzbek poetry).
From ancient times art and literature have The traditional song performing has a long his-served the spiritual world of people. As we know, tory. Ancient written sources and archaeological
findings on the history of music culture of the Central Asian peoples testify to the remarkable development of music performance. The fact that the written sources of the last millennium of Central Asian people have reached us today is a vivid example of musical heritage being carefully preserved from generation to generation, from teacher to student [1]. The efforts of Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi to study the musical legacy that has come down to us from the distant past have been invaluable. Al-Farabi paid great attention to the performance and analysis of ancient music. He created the science of music theory as a result of researches. Pamphlets such as "Kitabul al-kabr" (The Big Book of Music), "Kil-amu elephant-music" (The Book of Music Styles), "Kitabul-Musiqiy" (The Book ofMusic) are directly devoted to the analysis of music [2].
Abu Ali Ibn Sina was one of the scholars who continued the tradition of Al-Farabi. His books "Kitabush-shifa" (Book about healing), "Donish-noma" (Knowledge book), "Risolatun fi ilmil Mu-siqiy" (The Treatise on Music Science) focus on
the art of music has a great influence on the spiritual maturity of the human being and young generation. Our people has a rich cultural heritage. If we look back at history, we can see that the way of life of our master artists and their exemplary behavior has always been a school of instruction for the new generation. Lately, because of the disappearance of the master-student tradition, or the fact that everyone is acting on their own, in the behavior of some of our singers, in the culture of dressing, the manner of speaking one can notice the flaws in songs that are obvious and alien to our national identity. Today, despite the fact that our dear President Mirziyoev, created great opportunities and conditions for creativity, it is a pity that some of the singers are not using these chances properly and there are cases of abuse instead of feeling responsibility, some of the singers make themselves appear on social media, the fact that they exhibit different pictures and even disseminate what they eat.
Let us first look at the history of traditional performing songs and then the present day events.
music science, performing styles, analysis of existing songs and music.
In the history of music culture of the IX-X centuries, the great scholar of Central Asia Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Katib al-Khorezmi paid attention to the analysis of samples of folk singing in the part of the encyclopedia Mafatihul-ulum (The Key of Science) that is devoted music theory.
The later scholars - Safauddin Abdul-Mumin, Mamud bin Masud al-Sherazi (XIV Abdulkadir Maraghi (author of pamphlets, "Jamiul alkhan" "Maqasidul alkhan"), Al Husseini, Abdurahman Jomiy (XV) and many scholars of music science further developed in their treatises [7].
Folk songs play an invaluable role in the creation of the theory of music. Central Asian scientists of music art have been involved in analytical discussions about problems in song performing within melodies and compiled brochures devoted to music art.
The spiritual experiences of the people in the past, joy, merriment, sorrow - sadness, misery - created and perfected songs that are examples of folklore. Examples of the different performance lines in the song [8] - household songs, poems, songs of lyrical and romantic character, ritual songs, labor songs, songs and children's songs caused the creation of traditional folklore songs [9]. It has been gaining great value through centuries.
But today, when good manners and behaviour are not the primary one, any skillful performance and any talent will be secondary. Artists are people who are always in public. They are followed by young people, especially by their standards of living. Each of their actions is done in public and copied. It is not a mistake to say that some singers have recently forgotten about the responsibility. Too vulgar clothes of the singers in public, inability to behave in wedding luxury, lack of communication culture, self-esteem, ignore those around them are all about pride and arrogance.
The reason, we did not hesitate to tell the fact above, is bitter, but the truth, and the cause that young people entering the art world are following
no longer the quote artists in the sense, and we want youngsters to step into the creative process following the example of the real heroes of our time. It is not a secret that observance of ethical manners by singers, widespread promotion of meaningful songs in wedding parties, the question of self-control, environmental and public manners, reading, that is, literacy, and the shallowness of songs and video clips of singers, complexity, irrelevant words and the artistic lowliness of the clips and some other topical issues now adorn the viewer to some extent. It is not wrong to say that our policy in music and song performing today has been a little disruptive.
So who do you think inspire them? At times, you might think that the guys we once thought to be a national standard and who were men of character, brave, strong, or, like, Otabek, who shone in their faces, stayed in the past. Maybe you are wondering if I have any sympathy with the cold-hearted young men who adorn such immoral acts. After appearing three or four times on a stage, they go on the big screen and try to teach this great nation with thousands years of experience how to live, even encouraging applause. Well, how do they dare to do this? Ofcourse, most of people get angry with this and can't stand this anymore.
The treasure of our song performing art is very rich. I think that composers and singers should create new songs in harmony with classical melodies in order not to lose our centuries-old musical heritage. There is always a great demand for a good song. During the years of independence national music and song performing art has developed. The main ways of Uzbek classical music [11] are the following. And these trends are the Uzbek national status and have helped to further develop the art of maqom [10] (genre of performing uzbek classical songs):
- Yalla (songs created by maqom genre);
- Heavy songs (type of classical song);
- "Shashmaqom" of Bukhara;
- Maqom of Khorezm;
- Fergana-Tashkent styles of performing maqom [4].
Even today, the tender feelings in the hearts of listeners are appealing, and many are admired by the audience.
The style and character of the melody develops into the classical genre of the song. "Ayrulmasun " (Don't let to be left) the classic song popular with famous Mukimi's poem has become a favorite. The vitality of Mukimi's poems is in their high artistic, profound ideology and attractiveness:
Friends, don't let anyone to be left alone;
Don't let the gracious beauty leave me abun-doned [5].
Creating a good song is definitely a skill, but having your own interpretation of the song, especially the accurate and fluent pronunciation of the words in the classical songs, is not enough to justify the vocal range and the knowledge and hard work. Talent is a divine blessing given to man from the Creator. It takes sharp intelligence and opportunity to direct that power in the right way.
In particular, the song industry of the Uzbek people is deeply entrenched. Each line of songs told by our forefathers and grandmothers, which have been passed down from generation to generation, embodies our immortal history, priceless spirituality, national values and beautiful traditions.
The heavy songs are based on medieval rituals and labor songs, the development of classical poetry and singing culture, the traditional reading of classical ghazals. In his past, along with romantic lyrical ghazals [12], it was also sang didactic (exhortation), imaginative poems. Later these songs started to be sang with poems of Lutfi, Navoi, Mashrab, Amiriy, Hazini, Mukimi, Furkat, Zawqiy, Miskin and others. In the 20th century, modern Uzbek poets (Habibiy, Sabir Abdulla, Chustiy, Utkir
Rashid, Erkin Vahidov and others) poems began also to be used [3].
Written in aruz (the style of poems in poetry), this ghazel gives the audience an excitement, a variety of spiritual experiences, and has led to the widespread popularity ofpoetic works through the genre of great songs. It is a true fact that musicality is one of the most important qualities ofpoetry. That's why when we say a big song or a song, people imagine music plays, however, the plays themselves are independent art and express the most delicate feelings of the human heart.
The ghazals played a huge role and served a great sense to our people and the songs they played, especially the big songs impressed people deeply. Because in these songs, the word "breathes" in the same style as the song. The poem and the melody are so intertwined that they become like listening to a poem when you listen to the music itself.
The classical song according to its meaning is divided into:
- Philosophical;
- Romantic;
- Didactic;
- Religious;
- Modern.
It is true that such classical songs as Shash-maqom, Buzruk, Rost, Dugoh, Segoh, Bayot, Iraq created by our people admire the world-famous song performing representatives of art and deeply impress everyone who enjoys it. Each one of them is filled with the uniqueness of human suffering and joy. Songs, melodies, languages, religions, and nationalities share everyone a feeling of peace and inspiration. It cleanses the hearts from the dust and encourages them to do good deeds. These are the real and evident qualities and power of our national songs [6].
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