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SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Komilova Nilufar Kharshiboyevna, Professor, Deportemend of Economic and social geography National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
E-mail: nkomilova75@mail.ru Abdinazarova Khidoyathon Oripovna, Kokand State Pedagogical Institute geography senior lecturer at the Department of Teaching Methods
SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Abstract. The article describes the role of research in the field of chemical industry among economic geographical areas, as well as scientists' research on this subject. Processes related to the development of the chemical industry in Uzbekistan, as well as the geographical aspects of the factors affecting the territorial division of these industries, have been disclosed.
Keywords: chemical industry, mining, energy, metallurgy, machine building, chemical and petrochemical, gas processing, electrical engineering, pharmaceutics, natural gas, oil, coal, sulfur, ozocerite, mineral, limestone, graphite, non-ferrous metallurgy, processing, waste, raw materials.
As you know, industry is the leading manufacturing industry of the national economy and constitutes the material basis of society. The acceleration of economic development of the country, increasing the efficiency of production depends on the development of the industrial sector. Today, the development of the national economy of any country can not be imagined without the industry. From this point of view, modernization and diversification of the industrial sector is a crucial issue in the development of the national economy of Uzbekistan.
The socio-economic development of our country is largely based on raising its industrial potential. At the same time, the development of the industrial sectors of the republic has been shaped differently by the natural and socio-economic factors in the regions. In particular, the Fergana region has a unique position in the republic.
With the theoretical and practical issues of placement and development of industrial sectors in Uzbekistan, Z. M. Ak-romov, S. K. Ziyodullayev, K. N. Bedrintsev, Sh. N. Zo-kirov, M. A. Abdusalomov, B. I. Iskandarov, T. M. Ahmedov, E. A. Ahmedov, R. Ya. Dosumov, Sh. B. Imomov, A. N. Ruzi-mov, O. B. Otamirzaev, N. T. Tukhliev, A. S. Soliev, A. A. Kayu-mov, N. S. Sultonov, A. M. Sodiqov, A. T. Yusupov and other scientists.
It is worth noting that the issues of increasing the efficiency of production and saving on the basis of the forms of territorial and social organization of industry play a crucial role. First and foremost, the principle of «planned and proportionate» placement of industrial enterprises throughout the country will be eliminated, and a free and healthy regional competition will be created instead. Also, the traditional factors of territorial organization and placement of industries
change their influence. In particular, the importance of consumption, ecology, and social factors in this period will increase dramatically [1].
The efficiency of the enterprises of different degrees and stages of the country's economy is of great importance. It is essential that each of the farms be developed so that the country should have advantages over certain selected sectors of the farm (according to Smith Smith, D. Ricardo). It is essential that such a regional organization of the national economy not only requires the production components, but also the harmony of national traditions to the ideology that unites the living conditions of a person [2].
The role of such branches as chemistry, petrochemical and gas chemistry is exceptionally large enough to fully satisfy the growing socio-economic needs due to modern economy, economic activity and sustainable economic growth, and to increase their mobility in the context of resource constraints.
Today, the chemical industry plays an important role in the national economy. More than 750 titles are produced in the chemical industry of Uzbekistan. The share of the chemical industry in the total volume of industrial products of the republic makes 4.6%, the number of industrial workers is more than 50000 people.
The chemical industry of Uzbekistan is used as a raw material for natural gas, oil, coal, sulfur, ozokerite, various minerals, limestone, graphite, as well as non-ferrous metallurgy, cotton and canopy processing waste. The bulk of the raw materials used in the chemical industry of Uzbekistan (around 70%) and spare parts and equipment are imported from abroad. Currently, chemical products (mineral fertilizers, caprolac-tam, chemical fibers and threads, synthetic ammonia, varnish and etc.) are exported.
Section 2. Geography
Despite the fact that Uzbekistan is a source of raw materials, until the 1930s there was almost no chemical industry. In 1910, there were many small businesses engaged in lime, vegetable dyeing, alkaline preparation, and soap.
Formation of the modern chemical industry began in 1932 with the launch of Suzhou Sulfur Field (Fergana), which was previously extracted sulfur. Chirchik electrochemical combine started production in October 1940.
In 1940, the share of the chemical industry in the total industrial output was 0.8%, the number of employees employed in the chemical industry was only 1% of industrial workers, and the share of the chemical industry accounted for 7.4% of industrial production.
In general, the history of the development of chemical industry in Uzbekistan can be divided into four stages in the evolution of evolutionary complex:
• In the first phase involving 1913-1940, the sharp decline in industry could be attributed to the construction of the Central Asian railroad. Because of the factories to build factories they need a lot of equipment. The equipment was mainly imported from Russia. When the railway was built, it was easier to bring the equipment. They were imported mainly from Russian-made machine-building factories located along Volga and Ural rivers. Through these rivers and the Caspian Sea, the equipment was delivered to Krasnovodsk in the parakhs (the first direction of the railway was Krasnovodsk-Andijan), where it was railed to the inside of the Republic. This made it easier for the equipment to be built, and plant factories were gradually being built. In the twentieth century, a soap factory, an oil refinery, two paint factories and other facilities were commissioned;
• The second phase involving 1940-1950 was the Second World War, leading to a sharp rise in industry. Because some of the strategically important factories and factories located in the western cities of the former Soviet Union have been moved to Asian components of the country. Some factories and factories have also been shifted to Uzbekistan. In particular, Tashkent aircrafts, varnish and tractor factories; canopies processing plant, chemical plant in Namangan and others. Similar cities have been evacuated and relocated to similar cities. Together with the enterprises, leading engineers came to the factory and started the factories together with the local people and contributed to the development of the republic's industry. The only significant increase in industrial output can be seen in the example of electric power generation in Uz-
bekistan. For example, the electricity generated in 1940 was $481.4 million. In 1950, 2682 mill. kW/h;
• The third stage involving 1950-1970. As it is known, in 1957, the government issued a special decree envisaging the development of the chemical industry in the country. According to the resolution, several chemical plants were built and put into operation in Uzbekistan. In particular, chemical fibers in Fergana, nitrogen fiber plants in Navoi and others. At the same time, due to the attention paid to the training of cadres, a number of chemistry departments were opened at institutes and universities, several scientific research institutes were established and the work on the implementation of relevant research works was expanded.
The fourth stage - the period of independence. During these years, the direction of industrial development has radically changed. Basing on the industrial development, the raw material base in our country was taken up, with a focus on increasing the mobilization of local resources to the economy. Cotton processing enterprises have been completely reconstructed, cotton yarn production factories and fabrics fabrication plants have been commissioned. In the chemical industry - the production of cotton cellulose, paper factories, and many jobs are being created. This creative work is still going on.
As a result of the structural transformations undertaken in our country, the modernization, technical and technological modernization of the industry, many achievements have been achieved in the industry. Over the years of independence a number of large industrial objects have been commissioned to meet modern requirements. In particular, the automobile industry produces cars for cars in Asaka, buses, trucks for Tashkent and Samarkand, bukhara oil refinery in fuel and energy sector, Shurtan gas chemical complex, Kungrad soda plant in chemical and petrochemical industries, Dehkanabad potassium fertilizer plants, Ustyurt Gas Chemical Complex was commissioned. It is noteworthy that industrial production growth rates are always higher than the average level of GDP. In Chevron, oil and petrochemicals were rapidly developing in the country, a number of new products, such as calcium soda, potassium fertilizer, polymethylene, sugar, were not produced in our country, and a cycle of gas and chemical energy production was formed. This cycle is made up of Shurtangaz and gas-chemical complexes currently constructed in Ustyurt. As a result, the share of industry in the gross domestic product of the republic has significantly increased.
References:
1. Ruzmetov D. R. Problems of the development and territorial structure of the textile industry in Uzbekistan. Geog.f.n. year narrow diss - T., 2009.- 168 p.
2. Soliev A., Karshibaeva L. Regional Problems of Industrial Production (Syrdarya region).- Gulistan: 2001.- 98 p.
