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7URAL MATHEMATICAL JOURNAL, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2017
SOME REPRESENTATIONS CONNECTED WITH ULTRAFILTERS AND MAXIMAL LINKED SYSTEMS
Alexander G. Chentsov
Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia [email protected]
Abstract: Ultrafilters and maximal linked systems (MLS) of a lattice of sets are considered. Two following variants of topological equipment are investigated: the Stone and Wallman topologies. These two variants are used both in the case of ultrafilters and for space of MLS. Under Wallman equipment, an analog of superextension is realized. Namely, the space of MLS with topology of the Wallman type is supercompact topological space. By two above-mentioned equipments a bitopological space is realized.
Key words: Lattice, Linked system, Ultrafilter.
Introduction
In connection with the supercompactness property, maximal linked systems (MLS) of closed sets in a topological space (TS) are investigated (see [1-4]; in particular, we note the important statement of [3] about supercompactness of metrizable compactums). The space of «closed» MLS with topology of the Wallman type is a superextension of the initial TS.
Now, following [5], we consider more general approach. Namely, we suppose that a lattice of subsets of arbitrary nonempty set is given. Then, MLS of sets of this lattice are investigated. In particular, the lattice of closed sets in a TS can be used. Then, we obtain the above-mentioned variant of [1-4]. But, many other realizations are possible. For example, we can consider an algebra of sets as variant of the above-mentioned lattice. Note by the way, that in this case the Stone topology on the ultrafilter space is very natural. Since in many respects, MLS are similar to ultrafilters, the Stone equipment is submitted natural and for space of MLS. So, the idea of emploument of the two types of topologies arises: we keep in mind the Wallman and Stone variants.
We recall that ultrafilters were used as generalized elements in problems connected with attainability under constraints of asymptotic character (see, for example, [6-8]). Now, we seek to explore spaces which are comprehending for ultrafilters. In this article, it is established that the space of MLS is comprehending in this sense. In addition, it is logical to consider two characteristic types of topologies both for ultrafilters and for MLS. And what is more, we obtain two bitopological spaces (as a bitopological space, we consider every set equipped with two comparable topologies; in this connection, we note monograph [9]).
The case when two above-mentioned topologies coincide, we consider as degenerate. In the following, characteristic cases of such degeneracy are established (a variant of non-degenerate realization of bitopological space specified also). We indicate important types of lattices for which above-mentioned constructions are realized sufficiently understandably.
1. General notions and designations
We use the standard set-theoretical symbolics (quatifiers, connectives and so on); 0 is anempty
set and = is the equality by definition. We call a set by a family in the case when every element of this set is a set also. We take the axiom of choice.
For every objects x and y, we denote by {x; y} the set containing x and y and not containing
no other elements. If h is an object, then we suppose that {h} = {h; h}. Of course, sets are objects.
Therefore, by [10, ch. II, §3], for every objects u and v, we suppose that (u, v) = {{u}; {u; v}} receiving the ordered pair with first element u and second element v. If z is an arbitrary ordered pair, then by p^(z) and pr2(z) we denote the first and second elements of z respectively; of course, z = (pr1(z), pr2(z)) and p^(z) and pr2(z) are defined uniquely.
If X is a set, then by P(X) we denote the family of all subsets of X and suppose that Fin(X) is
the family of all finite nonempty subsets of X; of course. Fin(X) c P'(X), where P'(X) = P(X)\{0} is the family of all nonempty subsets of X. In addition, a family can be used as X. For every nonempty family X, we suppose that
{U}(X) = { U X : X € P(X)}, {n}(X) = {f| X : X € P'(X)},
xex X ex (1 ^
{U}„(X) = { U X : K € Fin(X)}, {n}„(X) = { p| X : K € Fin(X)};
xeK xeK
of course, every family of (1.1) is contained in P( IJ X) and contains X. For any set M and
x ex
M € P'(P (M)),
Cm[M] = {M \ M : M € M} € P'(P(M)). (1.2)
In addition (see (1.2)), for any set S and a family S € P^P(S^, the equality S = CS[CS[S^ is realized. If A is a nonempty family and B is a set, then
A|b = {A n B : A € A} € P'(P(B)) (1.3)
is trace of A on the set B. Usually, in (1.3), the variant A € P'(P(A)) and B € P(A), where A is a set, is considered.
For any sets A and B, by BA the set of all mappings from A into B is denoted. Under f € BA and a € A, by f (a), f (a) € B, the value of f at the point a is denoted. For f € BA and C € P(A),
we suppose that f 1(C) = {f (x) : x € C}; of course, f 1(C) c B and
(C = 0) ^ (f 1(C)= 0). Special families. In given item, we fix a set I (the case I = 0 is not excluded). In the form of
n[/] = {I € P'(P(I))| (0 €!)&(/ €I)&(A n B € I V A € I VB €I)}, (1.4)
we have the family of all n-systems of subsets of I with «zero» and «unit». In terms of
(LAT)[1] = {L€P'(P(1))| (0 € L)&(V A €L V B €L (A U B € L)&(A n B €L))} (1.5) (the family of all lattices of subsets of I), we define (see (1.4)) the basic family
(LAT)0[1] = {I € (LAT)[1 ]| I € I} = {I € n[/]| A U B €l V A €l VB € I} (1.6)
of all lattices of subsets of / with «zero» and «unit». In addition, by
(alg)[1] △ (Ae ]| / \ A eA V A e A} (1.7)
the family of all algebras of subsets of / is defined. Moreover, by
(top)[/] △ (t e n[/]| U G e t VG e P'(t)} = (t e (LAT)°[/]| |J G e t VG e P'(t)} (1.8)
GeG GeG
and (analogously)
(clos)[I] = {FeP'(P(/))| (0eF)&(/ e F)&(AuB eF VA eF VB e F)& ( p| F e F VF' e P'(F))} = {F e (LAT)°[/]| f] F e F VF' e P'(F)}
F eF' F eF'
(1.9)
we define the families of all open and closed [11] topologies on / respectively. So, by (1.7)- (1.9) we obtain many useful examples of lattices of the family (1.6). Yet one particular case of a lattice of subsets of / is connected with ^-topologies of A.D. Alexandroff [12]:
(a - top)[/] △ (t e n[/]| U Gfc e t V (Gfc)fcSN e tn} c (LAT)o[/],
fceN
where as usually N △ (1; 2;...}. Of course, under A e (alg)[1], in the form of (I, A), we obtain a measurable space with algebra of sets. If t e (top)[1], then (I, t) is a topological space (TS). In addition, we use the notions Ti- and T2-space (see [13, Ch.1]). Moreover, we use compactness [13, Ch.3] and other notions relating to general topology; see [13]. In particular, under t e (top)[1), by (t — comp)[1] the family of all compact in (I, t) subsets of I is denoted; (t—comp)[1] e P^P(/^. We note the obvious property
Lu {/} e (LAT)o[/] VLe (LAT)[/ ]. (1.10)
Of course, in (1.10) we have an insignificant transformation of initial lattice. Let
△ (L e n[/]| VL e L Vx e /\ L 3 A e L : (x e A)&(A n L = 0)}.
Moreover, let
(Cen)[L] △ (Z e P '(L)| P| Z = 0 VKe Fin(Z)} VL e n[/].
zeK
Bases and subbases. For brevity of desingnations, until end of this section, we fix a nonempty set X and use (1.1). Then,
(BAS)[X ] △ {Be P'(P (X)) | (X = M B)&(V Bi e B V B2 e B
BeB (1.11)
Vx e Bi n B2 3 B3 e B : (x e Ba)&(Bs C Bi n B2))}
is the family of all open bases of topologies on X. Under B e (BAS)[X], we obtain that (U}(B) e (top) [X]. Then, for t e (top)[X]
(t — BAS)°[X ] △ (Be (BAS)[X]| t = (U}(B)}
is the family of all bases of TS (X, t). In addition,
(p - BAS)[X ] △ {X € P '(P (X ))|{n}B(X) € (BAS)[X ]} = {X € P'(P (X ))| X = [J X}
x€X
is thie family of all open subbases of topologies on X. For any X € (p — BAS)[X], we obtain that {U}({n}fl(X)) € (top)[X]. Finally, under t € (top)[X], we suppose that
(p — BAS)o[X; t] △ {X € (p — BAS)[X]| {n}(X) € (t — BAS)o[X]};
so, we obtain the family of all open subbases of TS (X, t). It is useful to introduce one auxiliary construction of [6]:
(op — BAS)0[X] △ {B € (BAS)[X]| 0 € B}; moreover, it is logical to consider the following family:
(p — BAS)0[X] △ {X € (p — BAS)[X]| {n}(X) € (op — BAS)0[X]}. If t € (top)[X], then we suppose that
(p — BAS)0[X;t] △ {X € (p — BAS)o[X;t]|0 € {n}„(X)},
(p — BAS)0[X; t] C (p — BAS)0[X].
Of course, under B € (BAS)[X], we obtain that BU {0} € (op — BAS)0[X] and {U}(BU {0}) = {U}(B). So, we were introduce an unessential transformation of open bases; the goal of such transformation was indicated in [6, §1].
Now, we consider closed bases and subbases. Let
(cl — BAS)[X] △ {B € P'(P(X)) | (X € B)&( p| B = 0)&
BeB
&(VBi € B VB2 € B Vx € X \ (Bi U B2) 3 B3 € B : (Bi U B2 C Bs)&(x / B3))};
so, we introduce the family of all closed bases of topologies on X. Of course, {n}(B) € (clos)[X] for B € (cl — BAS)[X]. Under t € (top)[X], we suppose that
(cl — BAS)o[X; t] △ {B € (cl — BAS)[X]| Cx[t] = {n}(B)};
then, the family of all closed bases of TS (X, t) is defined. Now, we introduce the family of all closed subbases of topologies on X :
(p — BAS)ci[X ] △ {X € P '(P (X ))|{U} (X ) € (cl — BAS)[X ]}. Respectively, in the form
(p — BAS)0i[X;t] △ {X € (p — BAS)d[X]| {U}B(X) € (cl — BAS)o[X;t]}, we obtain the family of all closed subbases of TS (X, t). In addition,
'{U}({n}„(6))€ (top)[X] V6 € (p — BAS)[X])& '{n}({U}„(S))€ (clos)[X] VS € (p — BAS)ci[X]).
Recall following useful duality relations:
(Cx[B] e (op — BAS)0[X] VB e (cl — BAS)[X])&(Cx[B] e (cl — BAS)[X]
VB e (op — BAS)0[X]).
We note also [6, (1.20)] and some simple corollaries of [6, (1.17)]:
(Cx[(n}(B)] = (u}(Cx[B]) e (top)[X] VB e (cl — BAS)[X])&((n}(Cx[B]) = Cx[(U}(B)] e (clos)[X] VB e (op — BAS)0[X]).
(1.12)
(1.13)
In connection with (1.12) and (1.13), it is useful to note that under p e (BAS)[X]
P U (0} e (op — BAS)0[X] : (U}(P) = (U}(P U (0}). Now, consider some analogs concerning to subbases. In particular,
(p — BAS)0[X] = (X e (p — BAS)[X]| 0 e (n}B(X)}. (1.14)
In terms of (1.14), we obtain the next analog of (1.12):
(Cx[X] e (p — BAS)0[X] VX e (p — BAS)d[X])& (Cx[X] e (p — BAS)ci[X] VXe (p — BAS)0[X]).
As a corollary, from (1.15), it follows that Vt e (top)[X]
(Cx[X] e (p — BAS)0[X; t] VX e (p — BAS)°i[X; t])& (Cx[X] e (p — BAS)°i[X;t] VXe (p — BAS)°[X;t]).
(1.15)
(1.16)
A special family of lattices. By (1.10) we can consider lattices from (LAT)[X]. Now, we introduce the family
a —LAT)°[X] △ {L e (LAT)[X]| (X / L)&((x} e L Vx e X)&( L e L VL' e P'(L))}.
LeL'
(1.17)
It is possible to consider elements of (1.17) as lattices of «small» subsets of X. It is obvious that
LU (X} e (clos)[X] VL e (; —LAT)°[X]. (1.18)
The relation (1.18) assumes an amplification. For this, we introduce
((D — top)[X ] △ (t e (top)[X]|(x}e Cx [t] V x e X})&
△ (1.19)
((D — clos) [X] = (F e (clos) [X] | (x} e F V x e X});
of course, under t e (D — top)[X], in the form of (X, t), we have a T1-space. In addition, open and closed topologies from (1.19) are situated in the natural duality. From (1.17) and (1.19), we obtain that
L U (X} e (D — clos)[X] VL e (; —LAT)°[X]. (1.20)
So, under L e (^ —LAT)°[X], we obtain that
tL [X] △ Cx [L U (X}] = Cx[L] U (0} e (D — top)[X]
realizes the initial lattice L U {X} as the lattice Cx [r^ [X]] of closed sets in T1-space:
LU {X} = Cx [TO [X]]; (1.21)
in addition, (X, r^ [X]) is not T2-space and
r° [X ] = P (X). (1.22)
Recall that L U {X} € (LAT)0[X] VL € (4 —LAT)0[X]. Now, we consider some examples. Example 1.1. Suppose that X is equipped with a pseudometric
p : X x X ^ [0,
(here, [0, ro[= {{ € R| 0 ^ £}, where R is real line); so, (X, p) is a pseudometric space, X = 0. Let Bp (X,e) = {y € X | p(x,y) < e} V x€X V e€ [0,
We suppose that
BB(X,p) = {H € P(X)|3x € X 3e € [0, H C Bp(x,e)} =
= {H € P(X)|3x € X 3e € ]0, H C Bp(x,e)},
where ]0, ro[= {£ € R| 0 < £}. Of course, B^(X, p) is the family of p-bounded subsets of X.
We suppose that X / B»(X, p). So, the pseudometric p is unbounded (in particular, real line R with the metric-modulus can be used as (X, p)). Then,
B (X, p) € (4. —LAT)0[X]. (1.23)
The proof of (1.23) is obvions (see (1.17)). We note only that B(X,p) = {n}(BB(X,p)). □
Example 1.2. Fix a topology r € (top)[X] for which (X, r) is a T2-space (of course, X = 0). We suppose that
X / (r — comp) [X]. So, T2-space (X, r) is noncompact. Then
(r — comp) [X] € (4 —LAT)0 [X]. (1.24)
We consider the scheme of the proof of (1.24). In addition, we recall some known properties. So, at first, we show that
(r — comp) [X] € (LAT)[X] (1.25)
(we check this understandable property). We recall that 0 € (r — comp)[X] and
{x} € (r — comp) [X] V x € X. (1.26)
So, (r — comp)[X] € P' (P(X)). Let A € (r — comp)[X] and B € (r — comp)[X]. Then A U B € (r — comp)[X] by definition of the compactness property. Consider A n B. By separability of (X, r) we have that
(A € Cx[r])&(B € Cx[r]); (1.27)
as a corollary, A n B € Cx[r]. If 0 = r|a, then by transitivity of the operation of passage to a subspace of TS we have the equality
r 1 an b = ^Ur^ (1.28)
where (A, 0) is a compact TS. By (1.27) A n B € CA[0] and, as a corollary,
A n B € (0 — comp) [A].
So, (A n B,0|Anb) is a compact TS. Using (1.28), we obtain that (A n B,r|anb) is a compact TS. Therefore, A n B € (r — comp) [X]. Since the choice of A and B was arbitrary, it is established that V A € (r — comp) [X] V B € (r — comp) [X]
(A U B € (r — comp)[X])&(A n B € (r — comp)[X]). (1.29)
So, by (1.5) and (1.29) we obtain that (r — comp)[X] € (LAT)[X]. We recall (1.26). Finally, let T € P'((r — comp)[X]). Then, in particular, T € P'(P(X)) and we have the set
T = p| T € P(X). (1.30)
T eT
By separability of (X,r) T C Cx[r] and (see (1.30)) T € Cx[r]. In addition, T = 0. Choose
T € T; then T € (r — comp)[X] and T € P(T). We note that t = r|T € (top)[T] and TS (T, t) is a compactum. In addition, T € CT[t] (indeed, (T, t) is a closed subspace of (X, r)). As a corollary, T € (t — comp)[T]; therefore, t|T realizes compactum (T,t|T). But, by transitivity we obtain that t|T = r|t. So, (T,r|t) is compactum; as a corollary T € (r — comp)[X]. Since the choice of T was arbitrary, we establish (see (1.30)) that
P| K € (r — comp)[X] VC € P'((r — comp)[X]). (1.31)
k ec
Therefore (see (1.17), (1.26), (1.29), and (1.31)), we obtain (1.24).
Example 1.3. Consider the case of infinite set X and suppose that (FIN)[X] = Fin(X) U {0} (the family of all finite subsets of X.) Of course, in our case
X / (FIN) [X].
We show that (FIN)[X] € (4 —LAT)0[X]. Indeed, (FIN)[X] € (LAT)[X] by obvious properties of finite sets. Moreover, {x} € (FIn)[X] Vx € X. Let F € P'((FIN)[X]). Then, F = 0 and F C (FIN) [X]. We choose F € F. Then, in particular, F € (FIN) [X]. Since
F = p| F C F, f eF
we have the obvious inclusion F € (FIN)[X]. Since the choice of F was arbitrary, we obtain that
p| H € (FIN) [X] VH € P' ((FIN) [X]). H eH
So, the required property (FIN)[X] € (4 —LAT)0[X] is established. Now, we note that
T(fin)[x][X] = Cx [(FIN) [X]] U {0} € (top)[X]
is known cofinite topology and
(FIN)[X] U (X} = Cx [t(°fin)[x][X]] is the family of closed sets in this topology.
Example 1.4. Let X, X = 0, be uncountable set. Consider the family w[X] of all no more than
countable subsets of X. In addition, w[X] = (count)[X]Uj0}, where (count)[X] = (f 1(N) : f e XN} under N = (1; 2;...} and f1(N) = (/(k) : k e n} for f e XN. Then, w[X] e (^ —LAT)°[X]. The corresponding proof is similar to previous example. □
Coverings and linked families. Recall that X is a nonempty set. If X e P'(P(X)), then
(COV)[X| X] = {X e P'(X)| X = (J X} (1.32)
xeX
is the family of all coverings of X by sets from X. Let
(link) [X] = (X e P' (P(X))| A n B = 0 V A eX V B eX}. (1.33)
Then, the family of all linked systems of subsets of X is introduced. Moreover, suppose that
(link)°[X] = (E e (link)[X]|VS e (link)[X] (E C S) ^ (E = S)}. (1.34)
We obtain the family of all MLS of subsets of X. In the following, we consider MLS containing in a given family. So, under X e P' (P(X))
(X — link) [X] = (E e (link) [X] | E C X} e P ((link)[X]) (1.35)
and by analogy with (1.34)
(X — link)°[X] = (Ee (X — link)[X]|VE e (X — link)[X] (E C E) ^ (E = E)}. (1.36) In (1.36), we obtain the family of all MLS containing in the family X.
Proposition 1. If X e P'(P (X)), E e (link)[X ], and X n E = 0, then
X nEe (X — link) [X ]. (1.37)
Proof. Fix X and E with above-mentioned properties. In particular, X n E e P'(P(X)). Let U e X n E and V e X n E. Then, in particular, U e E and V e E. By (1.33) we obtain that U n V = 0. Since the choice of U and V was arbitrary, we have the property
X nEe P '(P (X)): A n B = 0 V A e X nE V B e X n E.
By (1.33) XnEe (link)[X]. Then (see (1.35)), (1.37) is fulfilled. □
Supercompactness. If t e (top)[X], then we suppose that
((p, bin) — cl) [X; t] = {X e (p — BAS)°l[X; t]| p| X = 0 VX e (X — link)[X]} (1.38)
xex
((1.38) is the family of all closed binary subbases of TS (X, t)); it is obvious that V k € (p-BAS)0 [X ; t ]
(k € ((p, bin) - cl) [X; t]) ^ (V C € (COV) [X| Cx[k]] 3 Ci € C 3 C2 € C : X = Ci U C2). (1.39) In addition, we suppose that
- top) [X] △ {t € (top)[X] | ((p, bin) - cl)[X; t] = 0}; (1.40)
in addition, ((SC) — top [X] is the family of all supercompact topologies on X. Under r € top)[X], we obtain supercompact TS (X, r); moreover, if (X, r) is a T2-space, then (X, r) is called supercompactum. Every supercompact TS is compact. Then, under r € ((SC) — top)[X], in the form of (X, r), we obtain (in particular) a compact TS.
2. Maximal linked systems and ultrafilters: general properties
In the following, a nonempty set E is fixed. We consider families from P'(P(E)). In addition, we use (1.4)- (1.10).
Filters and ultrafiltres. In the following, we fix L € n[E] (later, with respect to L, additional conditions will overlap). We consider (E, L) as widely understood measurable space. Then,
F*(L) = {F € P'(L\{0})| (AnB € F VA € F VB € F)&(VF € F VL € L (F C L) ^ (L € F))}
(2.1)
is the family of all filters of (E, L). Maximal filters are called ultrafilters (u/f). Then
Fq(L) = {U € F*(L)| VF € F*(L) (U C F) ^ (U = F)} = {U € F*(L)|VL €L (2 2 (L n U = 0 V U € U) ^ (L € U)} = {U € (Cen)[L]|VV€ (Cen)[L] (U C V) ^ (U = V)} .
is the nonempty family of all u/f of (E, L). If x E, then
(L — triv) [x] = {L € L| x € L} € F*(L) is trivial (fixed) filter corresponding to the point x. It is known [14, (5.9)] that
((L — triv)[x] €FS(L) Vx€E)^ (L € 7T°[E]). (2.3)
We suppose that $l(L) = {U € F0(L)| L € U} VL € L. Then, how easy check,
(UF)[E; L] = {$l(L) : L € L} € nR(L)]. (2.4)
From (1.11) and (2.4), the inclusion (UF)[E;L] € (BAS)[F0(L)] follows. In addition, topology
TL[E] = {U}((UF)[E;L])= {G € P(F^(L))|VU € G 3U €U : $£(U) C G} € (top)[F^(L)] realizes [14] zero-dimensional T2-space
(FS(L), TL[E]). (2.5)
Everywhere in the future, we suppose that
L € (LAT)0[E]. (2.6)
By (1.5) and (2.6) we obtain that $l(L1 U L2) e P (F°(L)) is defined under L1 e L and L2 e L; in addition [6], $l(L1 U L2) = $l(L1) U $l(L2). And what is more, in our case (under (2.6))
(UF)[E; L] e (LAT)°[F°(L)]. (2.7)
Remark 2.1. From (2.4) and (2.7), the following singularity is noticcable: for (UF)[E; L], properties of L are repeated. In this connection, we recall [6, (9.6)]:
(L e (alg)[E])=^ ((UF)[E;L] e (alg)[FQ(L)]). □
Returning to general case of (2.6), we note that (see [6, (6.7)])
(UF)[E; L] e (cl — BAS)[FQ(L)]; (2.8)
(2.8) permit to define yet one topology. Indeed, by (2.8)
(n}((UF)[E; L])e (clos)[F°(L)].
As a corollary, we obtain that
TL[E] = CfS(L)[(n}((UF)[E; L])]e (top)[F°(L)]. (2.9)
In addition, topology (2.9) converts [6, Section 6] FQ(L) in a compact T1-space
(FQ(L), T°[E]). (2.10)
We consider (2.5) as analog of Stone space and (2.10) as analog of Wallman space (the space of Wallman extension). In addition (see [15, Proposition 4.1])
TL[E] C TL[E]. (2.11)
With regard to (2.11), we consider triplet
(FQ(L), T°[E], TL[E]) (2.12)
as a bitopological space (BTS); in this connection, see [9]. We do not discuss inessential differences with constructions of [9] and follow to above-mentioned interpretation of (2.12). So,
(UF)[E; L] e (BAS)[F°(L)] n (cl — BAS)[F°(L)] (2.13)
generates BTS (2.12). It is useful to note the important particular case; namely, if L e (alg)[E], then (2.5) is a zero-dimensional compactum or rather the Stone space.
Maximal linked systems. Now, we consider the families (L — link)[E] and (L — link)°[E]. It is obvious that Fq(L) C (L — link)[E] and
F°(L) C (L — link)°[E]. (2.14)
Moreover, easy to check that
(L — link)°[E] = (Ee (L — link)[E]|V L eL (L n £ = 0 V £ e E) (L eE)} (2.15) (we use the maximality property). With employment of the Zorn lemma, we obtain that
VEi e (L — link)[E] 3E2 e (L — link)°[E] : Ei C E2. (2.16)
Finally, we note the following corollary of maximality of MLS: VE e (L — link)°[E] V £ eE V L eL
(£ C L) (L eE). (2.17)
Therefore, we obtain that
E eE VEe (L — link)°[E]. (2.18)
The property (2.14) is complemented by the following equality:
FQ(L) = (Ue (L — link)°[E]| An B eU VA eU VB eU}eP'((L — link)°[E]).
3. Maximal linked systems; topology of the Wallman type
We recall that (2.14)-(2.18) are fulfilled under L = P(E) (the lattice of all subsets of E). In addition, (link)[E] = (P(E) — link)[E] and (link)0[E] = (P(E) — link)0[E] (see (1.34)). As variant of (1.36) and (2.15), we obtain that
(link)0[E] = {E € (link)[E]|VS € (link) [E] (EcS ) ^ (E = S )} = = {E € (link)[E]|V L € P (E) (L n S = 0 V S €E ) ^ (L €E )},
(3.1)
(link)0[E] = 0. From (2.18), we obtain that
E € EVE€ (link)0[E]. (3.2)
By (2.16) we obtain that
VEi € (link)[E] 3E2 € (link)o[E] : Ei c E2. (3.3)
Now, we return to arbitrary fixed lattice (2.6). Using (3.1), we consider one property of MLS for lattice (2.6). But, at first, we note one simple corollary of Proposition 1.
Proposition 2. The following property takes place:
E n L € (L - link) [E] VE € (link)o [E]. (3.4)
Proof. Let S € (link)o[E]. Using (2.6), consider the family S n L. By (1.4), (1.6), (2.6) and (3.2) E € S n L. So, S n L = 0 and by Proposition 1 S n L € (L - link)[E]. □
Proposition 3. If E € (L - link)0[E], then
3S € (link)o[E] : E = SnL.
Proof. Fix E € (L- link)o[E]. Then, in particular, E € (L - link)[E] and VC € (L - link)[E]
(EcC) (E = C). (3.5)
By (1.35) E € (link)[E] and E c L. Then (see (3.3)), for some MLS V € (link)o[E]
E c V. (3.6)
In addition, by Proposition 2
VnL€ (L- link)[E]. (3.7)
From (3.6), the inclusion E c Vn L is realized. By (3.5) and (3.7) we obtain the equality
E = Vn L.
So, V € (link)o[E] : E = V n L. □
We suppose by analogy with [4, 4.10] that
(L - link)° [E| L] △ {E € (L - link)o [E] | L € E} V L € L. (3.8)
Of course, we have the following particular cases:
((L - link)o[E| 0] = 0)&((L - link)o[E| E] = (L - link)o[E]) (3.9)
(here and later, we follow to [5]). Using (3.8) and (3.9), we obtain that
C°[E; L] = ((L — link)°[E| L] : L e L} e P'(P((L — link)°[E])); (3.10)
in addition, 0 e C°[E; L] and (L — link)°[E] e CQ[E; L]. The basic properties of the family (3.10) are considered later. Now, we pass to equipment by topology of the Wallman type. For this, we note that
Ce[L] = (E \ L : L e L} e (LAT)°[E]. (3.11)
In the form of (3.11), we obtain the lattice dual with respect to L.
Remark 3.1. We recall (see [5]) that L = CE[L] under L e (alg)[E]. So, for the particular case, when (E, L) is a measurable space with algebra of sets, the dual lattice (3.11) coincides with L. □ Under A e CE[L], we suppose that
(L — link)°p[E| A] = (Ee (L — link)°[E]| 3 £ eE :£ C A}; (3.12)
of course, we can consider that A = E \ L, where L e L. In this connection, we note that
(L — link)Op[E| E \ L] = (L — link)°[E] \ (L — link)°[E| L] VL e L. (3.13)
Of course, by (3.11) 0 e Ce [L] and E e Ce [L]; in addition,
((L — link)0p[E| 0] = 0)&((L — link)0p[E| E] = (L — link)°[E]). As a corollary, we obtain that by statements of Section 1
C0p[E; L] = ((L — link)°p[E| A] : A e Ce[L]} e (p — BAS)0[(L — link)°[E]]. (3.14)
As a corollary, in the form of (n}j(COp[E; L]) e (op — BAS)0 [(L — link)°[E]], we obtain an open base and
T°(E|L) = (U}((n}fl(£°p [E; L])) e (top) [(L — link)°[E]] . (3.15)
So, we have the following TS ( )
((L — link)°[E], T°(E|L)). (3.16)
Of course, (n}B(COp[E; L]) e (T°(E| L) — BAS)° [(L — link)°[E]] and, as a corollary,
C°p[E; L] e (p — BAS)°[(L — link)°[E]; T°(E|L)]. (3.17)
In addition, by (3.13) the following equality is realized:
CQ[E; L] = C(L-iink)o[E] [C°p[E; L]]. (3.18)
From (3.17) and (3.18), by duality we obtain (see (1.16)) that
Cq[E; L] e (p — BAS)°i [(L — link)°[E]; T°(E| L)]. (3.19)
From (3.17) and (3.19), we have dual construction for TS (3.16). In addition, (3.17) and (3.19) are open and closed subbases of this TS respectively. By (3.18) self these subbases are situated in a duality. Now, we note the statements of [5] connected with supercompactness of TS (3.16). At first, we recall the notion of closed binary subbases. Namely, by (1.38)
((p, bin) — cl) [(L — link)°[E]; T°(E| L)] = {L e (p — BAS)°i [(L — link)°[E]; T°(E| L)] |
p|L = 0 V A e (L — link) [(L — link)°[E]]} (3.20)
leA
is the family of all closed binary subbases. We recall that by (1.40)
(lo(E|L) € ((SC)— top) [(L — link)0[E]])^ (((p, bin) — cl)[(L — link)0[E];lo(E|L)]= 0). (3.21)
In [5], the following statement was established: C0[E; L] € ((p, bin) — cl) [(L — link)0[E]; T0(E| L)]. From (3.21), we obtain that
T0(E| L) € ((SC) — top) [(L — link)0[E]]. (3.22)
So, (3.16) is a supercompact TS. With employment of (1.39), (3.18), and the above-mentioned property of CQ[E; L], we have the following statement:
VC€ (COV)[(L — link)0[E]| C0p [E; L]] 3 Ci €C3 C2 €C : (L — link)0[E] = Ci U C2. (3.23)
Of course, for (3.23), we use the property
£0p[E; L] = C(L-iink)o[E] №; L]] (3.24)
(indeed, (3.24) is obvious corollary of (3.18)). We consider (3.15) as a topology of Wallman type. We note two obvious property. Namely, for A1 € CE[L] and A2 € CE[L]
(Ai n A2 = 0) ^ ((L — link)0p[E| Ai] n (L — link)0p[E| A2] = 0).
Moreover, we have the following property of isotonicity: under A1 € CE [L] and A2 € CE [L]
(Ai C A2) ^ ((L — link)0p[E| Ai] C (L — link)0p[E| A2]).
Now, we consider the corresponding equipment for the set of u/f of the lattice L. For A € CE[L], we obtain that
Fc[L| A] = (L — link)Op[E| A] n F0(L) = {U € F0(L)| 3 U €U : U C A}€ P (F0(L)). (3.25)
Of course, FC[L| E \ L] is defined under L € L. It is obvious that
Fc[L] = {Fc[L| A] : A € Ce[L]} = Cfs(£) [(UF)[E; L]]. (3.26)
In (3.26), the following equality is used: namely, under L € L, Fc[L| E\L] = Fq(L) \ $l(l). Using simple corollary of (2.8) and (3.26), we obtain that FC[L] € (BAS)[F0(L)] (see (1.12)). In addition, by (1.13), (2.8), and (3.26)
T° [E] = {U}(Fc[L]). (3.27)
So, we obtain the following property (see [5]): namely,
Fc [L] € (TL [E] — BAS)0[F^(L)]. (3.28)
In (3.27) and (3.28), we have analog of (3.15) and (3.17) respectively; in addition, it is useful to note that 0 = Fc[L| 0] € Fc[L] (we use (3.11)) and therefore
Fc[L] € (op — BAS)0[F0(L)].
On the other hand, by (3.14), (3.25) and (3.26)
Fc[L] = £0p[E; L]|fs (l). (3.29)
From (3.29), we obtain the following statement of [5]: (2.10) is a subspace of TS (3.16). Namely
T°[E]= T0(e|L)|fs (L). (3.30)
As a corollary, we obtain the useful property: the set Fq(L) is compact in TS (3.16):
Fq(L) € (T0(E| L) — comp) [(L — link)0[E]]. (3.31)
Now, the following statement is obvious.
Proposition 4. If (3.16) is T2-space, then F°(L) is closed in this space:
FQ(L) e C(£-iink)o[E][T°(E|L)].
In connection with Proposition 4, we note the known property concerning to [4, 4.16] (see too [16, p. 65]).
We note that, for every E e (L — link)°[E], the following equality is realized:
(L — link)°[E| £] = (E};
as a
corollary, by (3.19) we obtain that
(E}e C(L-iink)o[e][T°(E| L)].
So, we have the following statement of [5].
Proposition 5. By (3.16) a supercompact Ti-space is realized.
Of course, if (3.16) is a T2-space, then it is a supercompactum. We note that by the maximality property VEi e (L — link)°[E] VE2 e (L — link)°[E]
(Ei = E2) ^ ((Ei \ E2 = 0)&(E2 \ Ei = 0)).
Moreover, it is obvious that VEi e (L — link)°[E] VE2 e (L — link)°[E]
(Ei = E2) ^ (3 £i e Ei 3 £2 e E2 : £i n £2 = 0). (3.32)
4. Maximal linked systems as elements of zero-dimensional T2-space
and bitopological structure
In this section, we introduce TS analogous to (2.5). Elements of this new TS are MLS. We recall that by (1.14), (3.8), (3.10), and (3.9)
CQ[E; L] e (p — BAS)0 [(L — link)°[E]]. (4.1)
From (4.1), the obvious property (n}(C°[E;L]) e (op — BAS)0[(L — link)°[E]] follows. As a corollary,
Tq(E|L) = (U}((n}„ (CQ[E; L]))e (top) [(L — link)°[E]]. (4.2) So, by (4.2) we obtain the required TS
((L — link)°[E], Tq(E|L)). (4.3)
For this TS, by (4.2) we have the inclusion
Cq[E; L] e (p — BAS)° [(L — link)°[E]; T*(E| L)]. (4.4)
So, we obtain the following statement
C°[E; L] e (p — BAS)0 [(L — link)°[E]; T*(E| L)] n ((p, bin) — cl) [(L — link)°[E]; T°(E| L)]. (4.5)
We obtain some analog of (2.13). So, the family CQ[E;L] «serves» both topology Tq(E|L) and topology T°(E| L). But, now we focus on consideration of TS (4.3).
It is easy proved that V Li € L V L2 € L
(Li n L2 = 0) ^ ((L — link)0[E| Li] n (L — link)0[E| L2] = 0); (4.6)
in (4.5), we use the property analogous to (3.3). We use (4.6) for verification of separability of the TS (4.2). For this, we introduce the next notion: if Ei and E2 are nonempty families, then
(Dis)[Ei; E2] = {z € Ei x E2I pri(z) n p^(z) = 0}. (4.7)
Of course, in (4.7), we can use arbitrary MLS from (L — link)0[E] as Ei and E2. Then, by (4.6) and (4.7)
(L — link)0 [E| pri (z)] n (L — link)0[E| p^(z)] = 0 (4 8)
VEi € (L — link)0 [E] VE2 € (L — link)0 [E] V z € (Dis)]Ei; E2]. ( . )
If (X, r) is TS and x € X, then N° (x) = {G € r | x € G}. We confine ourselves to employment of open neighborhoods. Of course, by (3.10) and (4.2) we obtain the following obvious property: if E € (L — link)0[E] and £ € E, then
(L — link)0[E| £] €N°t(E|L)(E). (4.9)
We note that by (3.32), for Ei € (L — link)0[E] and E2 € (L — link)0[E] \ {Ei}, the property
(Dis)[Ei; E2] = 0
is realized (see (4.7)). As a corollary, by (4.8) and (4.9) VEi € (L — link)0[E] VE2 € (L — link)0[E] \ {Ei} 3Gi € N°t(E|L)(Ei) 3G2 € N°t(E|L)(E2) :
Gi n G2 = 0. (4.10)
So, (4.3) is a T2-space. Moreover, we note that by (2.15)
(L — link)0[E| L] = {E € (L — link)0[E]| L n £ = 0 V £ € E} V L€ L. (4.11)
On the other hand, from (4.11) the following property (see [5]) is extracted:
(L — link)0[E| L] € Tq(E| L) n C(L-iink)o[E][Tq(E|L)] VL € L. (4.12)
From (3.10) and (4.12), we obtain that
CQ[E; L] C Tq(E|L) n C(L-iink)o[e][Tq(E|L)]. (4.13)
Using axioms of TS, from (4.13), we obtain that
{n}B(C0[E; L]) C T*(E|L) n C(L-link)o[E] [Tq(E|L)], (4.14)
where {n}B(CQ[E;L]) € (BAS)[(L — link)0[E]] and by (4.2)
{n}B(C0[E;L]) € (Tq(E|L) — BAS)0[(L — link)0[E]]. (4.15)
Proposition 6. In the form of (4.3) a zero-dimensional T2-space is realized.
The corresponding proof (see [5]) is immediate combination of (4.10), (4.14), and (4.15) (see [13, 6.2]).
We note the following obvious property (see (3.8) and definitions of Section 2)
$l(L) = (L — link)°[E| L] n F°(L) VL e L. (4.16)
Therefore, by (2.4), (3.10), and (4.16) we obtain the equality
(UF)[E; L] = C°[E; L]|f0(l). As a corollary, the following important property (see [5]) is realized:
TL[E]= Tq(E|L)|fs(l) . (4.17)
From (4.17), we obtain the next statement: (2.5) is a subspace of the TS (4.3). So, by (3.30) and (4.17) ( ) ( )
(T°[E] = T°(E| L)|f0(o)&(TL[E] = Tq(E|L)|fs(l)). (4.18)
In (4.18), we have the natural connection for topological equipments of the spaces of MLS and u/f. In addition, by [5, Proposition 6.5]
T°(E|L) C Tq(E|L). (4.19)
So, by (4.19) we obtain the following BTS
((L — link)°[E], T°(E| L), Tq (E| L)). (4.20)
Of course, by (4.18) we can consider BTS (2.12) as a subspace of BTS (4.20).
5. Ultrafilters of separable lattice of sets
In present section, we suppose that
L e (LAT)°[E] n 7r°[E]. (5.1)
By (5.1) we obtain the case of separable lattice. Using (2.3) and (5.1), we obtain that
(L — triv) [x] e FQ(L) V x e E. (5.2)
By (5.2) we can introduce operator
x ——> (L — triv) [x] : E —^ F°(L) (5.3)
denoted by (L — triv)[-]. Of course, (5.3) is an immersion of E into FQ(L). Therefore, we can consider sets-images
(L — triv)[-]i(A) = ((L — triv)[x] : x e A} e P(F°(L)) V A eP(E). (5.4) We note that by (2.11) and (5.4) the inclusions
cl((L — triv)[-]i(A), TL[E])c cl((L — triv)[-]i(A), T° [E]) V A e P(E) (5.5) are realized. By [5, Proposition 6.6] we have the system of equalities
cl((L — triv)[-]i(L), TL[E])=cl((L — triv)[-]i(L), T° [E])= $£(L) VL e L. (5.6)
We recall [17, (4.7)] that V Li € L V L2 € L
(Li c L2) ^ ($l(Li) c $l(L2)). (5.7)
As an obvious corollary, for Li € L and L2 € L
(Li = L2) ^ ($l(Li) = $L(L2)).
Proposition 7. If Li € L and L2 € L, then
(Li c L2) ^ ((L - link)0[E| Li] c (L - link)o[E| L2]). (5.8)
P r o o f. By [5, (2.15)] we have implication
(Li c L2) ((L - link)0[E| Li] c (L - link)0[E| L2]). (5.9)
Let (L - link)0[E| Li] c (L - link)0[E| L2]. We prove that Li c L2. Indeed, suppose the contrary: let
Li \ L2 = 0. (5.10)
With employment of (5.10), we choose x* € Li \ L2. Then, (L - triv)[x*] € F0(L) and, in particular (see (2.14)),
(L - triv)[x*] € (L - link)o[E]. (5.11)
In addition, by the choice of x* we obtain (see Section 2) that Li € (L - triv)[x*]. Then, by (3.8) and (5.11)
(L - triv)[x*] € (L - link)0[E| Li].
Therefore, (L - triv)[x*] € (L - link)0[E| L2] (we use our supposition). Using (3.8), we obtain that L2 € (L - triv)[x*] and, as a corollary, x* € L2. But, this inclusion contradicts to the choice of x* (recall that x* / L2). The obtained contradiction proves the required inclusion Li c L2. So, implication
((L - link)0[E| Li] c (L - link)0[E| L2])=^ (Li c L2) (5.12)
is established. From (5.9) and (5.12), we obtain (5.8). □
Corollary 1. If Li € L and L2 € L, then
(Li = L2) ^ ((L - link)0[E| Li] = (L - link)0[E| L2]).
The corresponding proof is obvious (see Proposition 7). So, mapping
L (L - link)0[E| L] : L —> C*[E; L]
is a bijection from L onto C*[E; L] (see (3.10) and Corollary 1). We note that from (5.6) the next density property follows:
cl((L- triv)[-]i(E), TL[E])= cl((L - triv)[-]i(E), T°[E]) = F*(L); (5.13)
in (5.13), we use the obvious equality $L(E) = F0(L).
6. Some additions
In this sections, at first, we consider questions meaningful of a duality for families C°[E; L] and COp[E; L]. For this, we recall that (see Section 3)
CQ[E; L] e (p — BAS)°1[(L — link)°[E]; T°(E| L)]. (6.1)
As a corollary, by (4.4) and (6.1) we have the property
C°[E; L] e (p — BAS)° [(L — link)°[E]; T*(E| L)] n (p — BAS)°i [(L — link)°[E]; T°(E| L)]. (6.2)
Proposition 8. The family C0P[E; L] is a closed subbase of the TS (4.3):
C°p[E; L] e (p — BAS)°i[(L — link)° [E]; T*(E |L)]. (6.3)
Proof. We recall (3.24). So, by (4.5) we have the following statement
C°[E; L] e (p — BAS)° [(L — link)°[E]; T*(E| L)]: C0p[E; L] = C(L-iink)o[e]№; L]].
Then, by (1.16) we obtain (6.3). □
From (3.17) and Proposition 8 we have the following property
C0p[E; L] e (p — BAS)° [(L — link)°[E]; T°(E| L)] n (p — BAS)°i [(L — link)°[E]; T*(E| L)]. (6.4)
In (6.2) and (6.4), we obtain a duality of subbases.
7. Bitopological space of closed ultrafilters and maximal linked systems
We recall (5.6). Then, by this property the topologies TL[E] and TL[E] are similar (later, we show that in many cases the above-mentioned topologies are equal). But, now we consider the variant of the set lattice for which the above-mentioned topologies differ typically. Namely, we fix t e (D — top)[E]; so, t e (top)[E] for which (E, t) is a Ti-space and (in this section) we suppose that
L = Ce [t]. (7.1)
Under (7.1), we call u/f of the set F°(L) as closed u/f. Analogously, for MLS of (L — link)°[E], under
(7.1), we use the term closed MLS. In addition, in our case by (5.1) and (7.1)
Ce[t] e (LAT)°[E] n tt°[E]. (7.2)
Of course, CE[t] e (D — clos)[E]. By (7.2) we have the separable lattice (7.1). Indeed, (x} e CE[t] under x e E (really, by (1.19) (E,t) is a T1-space). So, in our case, by (2.3) and (5.2)
(L — triv)[x] e FQ(Ce[t]) Vx e E. (7.3)
Of course, by (7.1) and (7.2) we can use statements of Section 5. In particular, by (5.6), (7.1), and
(7.2)
cl((Ce[t] — triv)[-]1 (F),TCeM[E])= c1((Ce[t] — triv)[-]1 (F),T°°Em[E])=$cb[t](F) VF e Ce[t].
(7.4)
At the same time, we have (see [5, §7]) the property
cl((CE[r] — triv)[.]i(A),tCe[t][E])= $Ce[t](cl(A,r)) VA € P(E). (7.5)
So, by (7.5) the following statement is realized: TS (2.10) «feels» subsets of E accurate to closure. We recall [5, (7.3)]: for A € P(E) and x* € cl(A,r) \ A
(Ce[r] — triv)[x*]€cl((CE[r] — triv)[-]i(A),tCe[t][E])\c1((Ce[t] — triv)[-]i(A),T^[r][E]). (7.6) With employment of (7.6), we obtain (see [5, (7.4)]) in our case
Ce[r] = {A € P(E)| c1((Ce[r] — triv)[-]i(A),T0^[r][E])= c1((Ce[r] — triv)[-]i(A),T^[r][E])}.
(7.7)
Finally, by [5, Theorem 7.1] we obtain the following implication:
(r = P(E))=^ (Tce[r] [E] = TCe[t] [E]). (7.8)
So, for (7.1) and nondiscrete Ti-space (E,r), BTS (2.12) is nondegenerate. From (4.18) and (7.8), we obtain that ( ) ( )
(r = P(E))=^ (T0(E| Ce[T]) = T*(E| Ce[r])). (7.9)
We use (7.8) and (7.9) in connection with lattices of the family (1.17).
8. Some particular cases
In this section, we fix a lattice
L € (4- —LAT)0[E]. (8.1)
Then, by (1.18) we obtain that £ U {E} € (clos)[E] and (in particular) £ U {E} € (LAT)0[E]. In addition,
r|[E] = Ce[L U {E}] = Ce[L] U {0} € (D — top)[E] (8.2)
realizes the following Ti-space:
(E,rL.[E]). (8.3)
We recall that (see Section 1), for (8.2) and (8.3), the following property takes place: (8.3) is not T2-space. From (8.2), we have the equality
£ U {E} = Ce [T£[E]] (8.4)
(see (1.21)). In addition, by (1.22) we obtain that
rL~[E]= P (E). (8.5)
We recall that by (1.20) £ U {E} € (D — clos)[E]. In addition,
(T0(E|Lu{E}) € (top)[((£U{E}) —link)0[E]]) &(t*(E|£u{E}) € (top) [((£U{E}) — link) 0[E]]) .
(8.6)
In the form of the triplet
(((£ U {E}) — link)0[E], T0(E|/: U {E}), T*(E|lC U {E}^, (8.7)
we obtain a BTS. Of course, (8.7) is a variant of BTS (4.20). By (7.9), (8.4), and (8.5) we obtain that
T0(E| L U {E}) = T*(E| L U {E}). (8.8)
So, by (8.8) the BTS (8.7) is non-degenerate. Moreover, we have topologies
(TLU{E}[E] e (top)[FQ(L U (E})])&(TL~u{e}[E] e (top)[FQ(LU (E})]). In addition, in the form of the triplet
(F°(LU (E}), T~U{e}[E], TL~U{e}[E]) (8.9)
we have BTS. Of course, (8.9) is a variant of BTS (2.12). By (7.8), (8.4), and (8.5) we obtain that
TLU{E}[E]= TLU{e}[E]. (8.10)
So, by (8.10) the BTS (8.9) is non-degenerate. We recall that, in Section 1, the concrete examples of the realization of (8.9) and (8.10) were identified (see Examples 1.1-1.4). Now, we consider yet one example of such type.
Example 8.1. Let C be a direction on the (nonempty) set E. So, we consider the case of nonempty directed set (E, C). Suppose that
(C — Ma)E [Y] = (z e E| y C z V yeY} V Ye P (E).
Then M[E; C] = (Y e P(E)| (C —Ma)E[Y] = 0} is the family of all majorized subsets of E. Since E = 0, we have the obvious property 0 e M[E; C] (moreover, by the choice of C we obtain that (x; y} e M[E; C] V xeE V y e E). From properties of directed sets, the statement M[E; C ] e (LAT)[E] is realized. It is obvious that (x} e M[E; C] V xeE. Finally,
p| H e M[E; C] VH eP'(M[E; C]).
HeH
As a corollary, by (1.17) we obtain the implication
(E / M[E; C]) (M[E; C] e (^ —LAT)°[E]).
So, under E / M[E; C], in the form of M[E; C], we obtain yet one variant of the family of (^ —LAT)°[E] : M[E; C] e (^ —LAT)°[E]. □
9. Measurable space with algebra of sets
Recall that by (1.6) and (1.7) (alg)[E] c (LAT)°[E]. Using this property, in the present section, we consider the case
Le (alg)[E]. (9.1)
By (9.1) we have that (in the present section) (E, L) is a measurable space with algebra of sets. We recall Remark 2.1: in the form of
(F°(L), (UF)[E; L]),
a measurable space with algebra of sets is realized also. Moreover, we have BTS (2.12). But, by [6, Proposition 9.2] this BTS is degenerate:
T°[E]= TL[E]. (9.2)
By (9.2) we obtain the following equality of TS:
(FQ(L), T° [E])= (FQ(L), TL[E]); (9.3)
of course, (9.3) is a nonempty zero-dimensional compactum. Moreover, by (9.1)
L = Ce [L]. (9.4)
Therefore, the sets (L - link)Op[E| L], L € L, are defined. In addition,
(L- link)0p [E| L] = (L - link)0[E | L]
under L € L. We recall that, under A € L, the inclusion E \ A € L is realized; and what is more, by (3.13)
(L - link)0 [E| E \ A] = (L - link)o[E] \ (L - link)0 [E| A]. As a simple corollary, in our case, the equality
C*[E; L]= C0p[E; L]
is realized. Therefore, by (3.15) and (4.2)
To(E|L)= T*(E|L). (9.5)
So, by (9.5) we have the following important property: TS
((L- link)o[E], To(E|L))= ((L - link)o[E], T*(E|L)) (9.6)
is a nonempty supercompactum. In particular, (9.6) is a nonempty compactum.
Proposition 9. The set F*(L) is closed in TS (9.6):
F*(L) €C(L-iink)o[E][To(E|L)]. (9.7)
The corresponding proof follows from Proposition 4 (indeed, for (9.6) we have the separability property). In connection with Proposition 9, we recall (3.31).
10. Open maximal linked systems
In this section, we suppose that
L = t, (10.1)
where t € (top)[E]. So, (E, L) = (E, t) is a TS. We consider the lattice of open sets. In this connection, we recall (see [15, Section 8]) that
T0 [E] = T* [E]. (10.2)
Of course, in the form of
(FS(t), T0[E]) = (FS(t), T*[E]), (10.3)
we obtain a nonempty zero-dimensional compactum of open u/f (using (10.1), we consider u/f consisting of open sets as open u/f). On the other hand, by (10.1) we can consider MLS consisting of open sets. We call such MLS open also (recall that (top)[E] c (LAT)0[E]). By [5, Proposition 9.1]
(t - link)o [E] \ (t - link)0 [E| G] = (t - link)0 [E| E \ cl(G, t)] V G € t.
With employment of this property, in [5, Proposition 9.2], the equality
To(E| t)= T*(E| t) (10.4)
was established. By (10.4) we obtain that
((t — link)°[E], T°(E| t))= ((t — link)°[E], T*(E| t)) (10.5)
is a zero-dimensional supercompactum. In addition, by Proposition 4
F°(t) e C(t—link)0[E][T°(E| t)];
so, F°(t) is the closed in the supercompactum (10.5). We obtain that compactum (10.3) is a closed subspace of the supercompactum (10.5).
11. Conclusion
We reviewed two BTS. In the first case point of BTS are MLS and, in the second case, similar points are u/f of a set lattice. It is established that the second BTS can be considered as a subspace of the first BTS. We indicated the natural variants of our lattice for which the above-mentioned BTS are degenerate and, opposite, the variants with degeneracy of the corresponding BTS is absent. Our consideration is connected with ideas of supercompactness and superextension of a TS. For degenerate BTS the corresponding space of MLS is a supercompactum. Under consideration of the lattice of closed MLS, we obtain a non-degenerate BTS typically.
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