Солнечная и вулканическая активность как реперы при построении абсолютной хронологии Евразии

Григорьев Станислав Аркадьевич

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31833/uav/2024.24.4.041

UDC 902/904/63.4 Submitted: 30.03.2024

Accepted: 15.10.2024

Solar and volcanic activity as benchmarks in constructing the absolute chronology of Eurasia

Stanislav A. Grigoriev

Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. A well-known problem in archaeological chronology is that radiocarbon chronology differs from

historical chronology. Its second major drawback is extremely long confidence intervals for dates calculated

with high probability. The Bronze Age historical chronology corresponds to dendrochronology and radiocarbon

chronology, when using Bayesian analysis of AMS dates. Therefore, it is desirable to use typological analysis to

relate the cultures in Northern Eurasia with the chronology of the regions where it is possible to use historical

chronology and dendrochronology. However, long distances prevent reliable typological series. Moreover, this

procedure gives too long probability intervals. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on cultures that formed through

migrations caused by climate disasters of a global nature. In such cases, we are able to synchronize cultural

transformations, even if they are distant from one another. Climate fluctuations caused by cyclical changes in

the solar activity are very smooth. They could not provoke migrations, since humanity adapted to them. Local

droughts could be the cause, but these events are difficult to use for the global chronology. However, fluctua-

tions in the solar activity cause volcanic processes. The largest of them caused migrations in different regions

of Eurasia, which provides reasoning for their synchronization. Such events clearly impact tree rings, which

makes it possible to obtain an accurate date. The second source is the glacial chronology, although it is not ac-

curate enough for all periods. Finally, the third group of data is historical chronologies. This approach allows

to assume benchmarks for constructing the chronology of Eurasia in the 3 �2 millennia BC. This helps build

nd

rd

a system with later and shorter intervals than radiocarbon analysis. This method applies to the period of the

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Sintashta culture and the early Alakul-Srubnaya stage particularly well, as independent data (glaciochronology,

historical chronologies of Egypt, Mesopotamia and China, dendrochronologies of the Alps, Anatolia and the

USA) yield consistent results.

Keywords: Bronze Age, Eurasia, dendrochronology, historical chronology, eruptions, migrations

Citation. Grigoriev, S.A. 2024, "Solar and volcanic activity as benchmarks in constructing the absolute chronol-

ogy of Eurasia", Ufa Archaeological Herald, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 628�643. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.31833/

uav/2024.24.4.041

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Information About the Author

Stanislav A. Grigoriev, Ph.D., Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy

of Sciences, Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg. E-mail: [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0001-6633-8686

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Солнечная и вулканическая активность как реперы при построении абсолютной хронологии Евразии Текст научной статьи по специальности «История и археология»

Аннотация научной статьи по истории и археологии, автор научной работы — Григорьев Станислав Аркадьевич

Похожие темы научных работ по истории и археологии , автор научной работы — Григорьев Станислав Аркадьевич

Solar and volcanic activity as benchmarks in constructing the absolute chronology of Eurasia Stanislav A. Grigoriev

Текст научной работы на тему «Солнечная и вулканическая активность как реперы при построении абсолютной хронологии Евразии»