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электронный журнал «Концепт». - 2016. - Т. 6. - С. 196-200. - URL: htt://e-koncept.ru/2016/56075.htm.
© Косухина О.В., 2019
УДК 338
К.К.Хомидов
студент 3-Kypca ФерГУ, г. Фергана, Узбекистан E-mail: [email protected]
SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT IN UZBEKISTAN
Аннотация
В данной статье анализируются социально-экономические особенности занятости в Узбекистане и предлагаются предложения для безработных специалистов по трудоустройству и занятости.
Ключевые слова: безработные, занятость, создание рабочих мест, рынок труда.
Аnnotation
This article analyzes the socio-economic characteristics of employment in Uzbekistan and offers suggestions for unemployed specialists in employment and employment.
Keywords:
unemployed, employment, job creation, labor market.
The increasing number of population, in particular, the number of able-bodied citizens, requires the creation of additional jobs, finding new forms of employment and increasing the employment of the population. Therefore, many years ago, the main task of the world is to solve the problem of employment in the labor market and to eliminate them completely. This is a major social problem and occurs in the market economy. Its solution is primarily related to the development of small businesses and entrepreneurship.
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev emphasized in his speech at the enlarged meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers dedicated to the main results of socio-economic development of the country in 2016 and the most important priorities of the economic program for 2017: "Today every single graduate , its future job, salary and social conditions should be clearly defined. It is necessary to consolidate all these with legal acts, and most importantly, not only the commitment, but also the personal responsibility of the head of the undertaking. Only in this way we can fulfill the commitment of the state to the students and their parents. Similarly, it is necessary to develop and introduce the practice of graduates of higher educational institutions of the republic".
Currently, there are problems with employment in the country:
1. Serious changes in the network structure of employment. This is explained by the decline in the share of industrial production and agricultural employment. In recent years, shrinking farms have reduced their labor costs by 8.0-10.0% as a result of farming.
2. The size of incomplete and productive employment volumes. These problems are the result of the forced vacation of employees in damaged enterprises (for example, by 2.5% in the case of damaged or enterprise-wide bankruptcy, 8.3% in industry and 7.9% on construction) low employment, unemployment in full employment, a decline in employment in high technology and science.
3. Unsuccessful use of the labor potential by skilled and highly qualified staff due to the lack of close links between the level of proficiency and proficiency.
4. Keeping the gap between the level of employment in the regions, including the increase in the number of people employed in populated areas.
The Strategy for Action in the five priority areas of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 has been adopted [1]. Of the action strategy is as follows:
- Creation of new jobs and provision of employment of graduates of the population, first of all, secondary special and higher educational institutions, ensuring the development of balance and infrastructure of the labor market, reducing the unemployment rate;
- Creation of conditions for the full realization of labor and entrepreneurship activity of the able-bodied population, improvement of labor quality, expansion of the system of professional training, retraining and advanced training of the needy persons.
The strategy of action envisages the further increase in the volume of microcredit's provided by commercial banks for the purpose of developing the following effective forms of employment and creating additional sources of income:
- Agricultural production in private households;
- cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits and meat growing;
- development of poultry farming and beekeeping;
- Creation of compact greenhouses;
- seed and seedlings cultivation.
As a result, the effectiveness of the use of the livelihoods of the population will increase, and the quality of agricultural production will increase.
Hundreds of thousands of new jobs are created each year based on the employment program in the country. In particular, as a result of the implementation of the measures set out in the Employment Program 2017, 336.1 thousand people were employed.
As a result of implementation of the program, 200,000 people were employed in agriculture and seasonal and temporary construction, 309,000 were employed by individual farmers, dehkan farmers, craftsmen and family businesses.
Most of the jobs created in Andijan, Tashkent, Fergana and Samarkand provinces
According to the Ministry of Employment and Labor, 95% of the economically active population are employed in our country. According to the analysis, the number of people employed in the period 2011-2017 has increased by 14.4 percent, and in the official sector of the economy - by 8.0 percent. During this period, the number of persons employed in the sectors of the economy (large business) decreased by 4.4%, while the number of persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities without legal entity - 38.5, dehkans - 14.6, small businesses and the number of farmers increased by 10.5%.
More than 2,000 citizens have been trained in vocational training in the following areas: The Tashkent city Professional Training Center, established on the basis of the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers № 270 dated September 13, 2012 "On additional measures to support the vocational training center in Tashkent" retired and full employment:
- "Technology of machine-building production" (tools, milling machines, welders, metal working specialists);
- "Electronics and Electrotechnics" (specialists in electronic devices, home appliances, radio and telephony repair and maintenance);
- "Repair and maintenance of vehicles" (diagnostics, repair and maintenance of motor vehicles, motor vehicles, vehicles);
- "Information technologies and systems" (computer programming, computer and other office equipment maintenance and repair).
In summary, in order to ensure effective employment and reduce unemployment, the following measures should be implemented in Uzbekistan:
- creation of new jobs through the implementation of targeted programs, development of entrepreneurship and craftsmanship;
- involvement of non-employed people in publicly funded public works through social support measures;
- placement of job-seekers in social workplaces who are in difficulties in finding a job in the labor market;
- employment of citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign countries where the concluding agreement is concluded;
- development of state programs on employment of persons with disabilities;
- Encouraging the activities of non-governmental educational institutions on short-term training and training for professional retraining based on the requirements of the labor market;
- expanding the process of involving unregistered citizens into small businesses. Securing the social security of these citizens in the future retirement age by taking measures to legitimize work places together with tax authorities, widely using the small business benefits;
- step-by-step organization of unemployed vocational training centers in the regional centers, with grants and soft loans of international financial institutions.
Our main goal is to ensure the employment of the population, to create new jobs, to ensure the well-being of the population.
Список использованной литературы: 1. The President of Uzbekistan issued a decree on the Strategy for the Strategy for 2017-2021. PF-4947 of 7 February, 2017, Tashkent
© Хомидов К.К., 2019
