CC BY
13
Medical science
Maksudova N. A., assistant of the department ".Public Health Organization and Healthcare Management" Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute Tashkent city
Kravchenko L. Sh.,s assistant of the department ".Public Health Organization and Healthcare Management" Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute Tashkent city
Shermatova Z. A., assistant of the department ".Public Health Organization and Healthcare Management" Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute Tashkent city E-mail: cool.lolo@mail.ru
SOCIALLY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGIES
Abstract: The problem of the diseases of the cardiovascular system remains one of the important problems in medicine and therefore our work reflects the socially-hygienic aspects of this pathological basis on literary analysis. Keywords: mortality, heart, prevalence, significance.
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the dominant causes of morbidity and mortality in economically developed countries. Despite the fact that in the last decade, due to a significant improvement in diagnostic methods, the introduction of new methods of treatment has made significant progress in the treatment of cardiovascular pathology of childhood, the incidence and mortality rates remain the same. This is due to the fact that the effectiveness of the treatment of most chronic progressive diseases of the cardiovascular system, mainly leading to early disability and mortality at a young age, remains very low.
As the literature data show that the main burden of identifying, clinical examination and treatment of patients with hypertension lies with the doctors of clinics, dispensaries. At the same time, a significant part of doctors, especially primary health care providers, do not have sufficient knowledge of an-tihypertensive therapy issues.
A significant prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and essential hypertension (EH) in our country, high levels of disability and mortality, prolonged, sometimes lifelong, medication, as well as its high cost, make it necessary to pay more attention early primary prevention of these diseases.
Arterial hypertension is currently the greatest non-infectious pandemic in human history, which determines the structure of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The proportion of arterial hypertension among the population aged 15 years and older is about 40%.
According to Russian authors in Russia, 42 million people over 15 years old suffer from arterial hypertension. Of these, half of patients receive therapy, and only 20.0% of patients are adequately treated.
The prevalence of arterial hypertension in childhood and adolescence, according to different authors, varies considerably and ranges from 1 to 14%. In half of the children, the disease is asymptomatic, which makes it difficult to identify, and therefore timely treatment. Children with blood pressure above the average, with age, there is a tendency to its increase.
Clinicians noted that mass studies of blood pressure in the pediatric population also confirm the high incidence of arterial hypertension. The issue of the further fate of children and adolescents with an elevated level of blood pressure is relevant. Long-term follow-up in the country showed a high probability of transformation of hypertension in the pediatric population in ischemic and hypertensive diseases in adulthood, which are the main cause of disability and adult mortality.
Literature analysis also showed that in the second half of the XX century and the beginning ofXXI century, diseases of the circulatory system represent one of the major problems of scientific medicine and practical health care of all economically developed countries. The social and hygienic significance of these diseases is determined by the progressive increase in prevalence, severity and outcomes.
The prevalence of circulatory system diseases based on in-depth studies is 5-6 times higher than the official statistics.
This pathology occupies a prominent place in the hospitalized morbidity, demanding the most intensive methods of therapy, long periods of hospitalization. In the last decade, disability in Russia is an important medical and social problem that indicates a critical level of public health.
The authors confirmed that the number ofpersons with disabilities aged 16 years and older who are registered with the so-
SOCIALLY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGIES
cial protection agencies ofthe population reached in 1999, 716.9 people per 10.000 people ofthe corresponding age. By 2000, over 10 million people with disabilities were registered, with a high proportion of people with severe disabilities. According to domestic authors, the proportion ofdisability accounted for 43.3% to 55% of cases of disability. The growth of primary disability among people ofworking age continues from 65.2 to 65.3 people per 10,000 of the corresponding age from 1999 to 2002.
According to official statistics, indicators of primary disability among the entire population of Russia were calculated per 10,000 population: in 1998, 76.5; in 2002-82.6 people including on the BSK: in 1998-35.8 people. (46.8% of the total structure); in 2002-40.0 people (48.4% of the total structure). Persons of working age make up to 50% among those initially recognized as disabled.
The authors noted that since the beginning of the 90s of the last century and to the present, Russia has developed a difficult demographic situation, characterized by the depopulation of the population. One of the reasons for this situation is the high mortality rate of the population.
Statistics showed that in 2002 they were 1627.9 per
10,000 population and were the highest in Europe. Over 5 years, the mortality rate in Russia has increased by 20%. At the same time, this dynamics is determined by the increase in mortality of the working age population. Compared to 1998, in 2002, the latter's figures increased by 28% and made up 29% of the total number of deaths.
Diseases of the circulatory system occupy the first place in the structure of the causes of mortality in Russia, amounting to 55-56%. Foreign and domestic authors noted that in the period from 1990 to 2002, according to statistics, its indicators per 100,000 people increased from 618.9 people in 1990 to 913.0 in 2002. And also in the literature it is noted that the mortality rate of the working population of Russia from diseases of the circulatory system is 4.5 times higher than the similar figures for the European Union, in Japan, Canada, and the USA.
It should also be noted that, according to official statistics, for the last 5 years, diseases of the circulatory system in the structure of causes of death for people of working age are second only to accidents, injuries and poisoning. Along with this class of causes of death, diseases of the circulatory system are currently determining the decline in the total life expectancy of the population in Russia. The average age of death among able-bodied men is 50 years. In 2001, the largest increase in mortality from diseases of the circulatory system was registered in the age group from 20 to 29 years. According to experts, mortality from diseases of the circulatory system will increase.
The main reasons that form a high level of disability and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system are hypertension, ischemic heart diseases.
Thus, it can be noted on the basis of literary analysis that the medical and social significance of the problems of cardiovascular diseases has value and is included in the category of the main state tasks of all developed countries of the world.
References:
1. Vasin S. V. The effectiveness of the Center for the prevention and treatment of arterial hypertension in the city Jerjinsk / S. V. Vasin and others // Cardiology on the threshold of the XXI century: Report IV interregion, cardiol. forum. N. Novgorod, 2000.- P. 39-40.
2. Aivazova Z. N. Comprehensive socially-hygienic study of the state of health of adolescents in a big citys: Author. dis. Candidate of the Medical sciences.- M., 2007.- 28 p.
3. Nugaybekov A. G. Once again about the reliability of statistical reports on morbidity with temporary disability / A. G. Nugaybekov, L. K. Rizatdinov R. G. Saifutdinov // Quality of the medical help.- 2004.- No. 2.- P. 12-16.
4. Alferova M. A., Mikhalevich I. M., Rozhkova R. Yu. Fundamentals of applied statistics (use of Excel and Statistica in medical research): proc. allowance. Irkutsk: IGIUV, 2008.- Vol. 4.- 71 p.
5. An A. R. The prognostic significance ofarterial hypertension in the formation ofhypertension in young men // Military. -Med. journals 2003.- T. 324.- No. 3.- P. 41-43.
6. Buckraming, Colombia Saluda Publica Fur. Spanish, 2002.- P. 399-405. 21 l. Beaufils M. Arterial hypertension. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. French, 2000.- P. 899-900.
7. Chobanian A. V., Bakris G. L., Blak H. R. National Blood Pressure Report. The JNC7 Report. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560-2572.
8. Cicala S., Galderisi M., Caso P., Petrocelli A., D'Errico A., de Divitiis O., Calabro R. Right ventricular diastolic dysfunction in arterial systemic hypertension: analysis by pulsed tissue Doppler // Eur J Echocardiogr. 2002 - Jun.- Vol. 3 (supl 2). - P. 135-42.
