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11ПОЛИТОЛОГИЯ
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL TENDENCIES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPMENT
Makhpuza Yuldasheva
PhD researcher, Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Annotation. The social and political trends of information technology development in Uzbekistan in connection with international community, its involvement in the field of information technology, observations and comparative analysis of international experience are described in this article. It also provides information on interstate relations; political, economic, social, legal and cultural work within the global information system; statistical indicators of work efficiency through e-mail, e-information exchange addressing both national and global problems.
Key Words: Tendency, Technology, Information World, Globalization, pages, web-site, interactive service, information space, innovative technology, e-mail, information exchange, political image.
Introduction. Today, Uzbekistan has become an active subject of a single information system. International relations of Uzbekistan, its participation in the global socio-political processes, inter-state relations, and political, economic, social, legal and cultural relations are carried out within the global information system.
It has a significant impact on improving the efficiency in national and global issues through email, electronic information exchange, time management, reducing financial costs dramatically, and demonstrating the potential of modern information exchange. The emergence of computers has change the entire globe into a single information space and as a result authenticity connected with the fate of each country and the fate of the world has appeared. The advances made in science and technology since the second half of the XX century have not only provided greater opportunities for social and economic development of states, but also have a significant impact on the global economic and political processes.The globalization process penatrated into modern technology and it has become a key factor in the formation of an international political system.The role of the state in the world community has begun assessed by the level of its technological sector development, its ability to integrate into global innovation and production systems. Innovative technologies are becoming the most profitable sectors of the economy in the most developed countries of the world.
Main part. The Republic of Uzbekistan strives to take its rightful place in global information society. In order to achieve these goals, the Government has identified strategic priorities for enhancing information processes in Uzbekistan, the rapid development of modern information and communication technologies, its implementation and use in all sectors of the economy and society.
As information technology continues to evolve, people will quickly adapt to comfort and composure. Information, computerization, computing techniques, information technology, modeling, data sources, programming, personal computers, software, and other scientific concepts are the most important features of public information.
Due to information, theory combines with practice. Modern science and technology have advanced the flow of information even better. In order to mobilize people to solve socio-economic and spiritual problems, it is necessary to collect and process information in time. For this purpose, there is a need to implement a community awareness program and to introduce advanced information technology. As we know, the potential of information and communication technologies opens fundamentally new forms and opportunities for interaction and information exchange, promotes establishment and strengthening of civil society, and accelerates the process of economic reforms and democratic development of country. The state's "electronic readiness" for participation in global information networks is becoming increasingly important. Countries with relatively low performance rates are known to be defeated.
This fact leads to a forced change in the direction of political thinking. Politicians have begun to feel the need to plan for the future development of new information and telecommunication technologies, which, by its nature, can have a positive and negative impact on society, both within a country and within international systems.
Only a society where there is a balance between socio-technical and socio-political development, can be developed in harmony in all spheres.
As it was mentioned above, the scale of scientific, technical, industrial and social development is now determined by information that is collected and exchanged in these areas, as well as the speed of their exchange and the speed of assimilation.
In particular, as a result of development and impact of information and communication technologies, there have been several structural and qualitative changes in the field of education and culture in business and delivery service in public administration. Under the influence of modern trends, today, new technical, technological and intellectual resources, such as professional requirements for the management and staff of the organization, are also
changing. They should not only specialize in skills, but also have the skills of internet awareness and programming [1].
Results. In recent years, special attention is paid to further development of information and communication technologies and effective use of the Internet. The decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 30, 2002, the decree dated November 16, 2005 "On further development of computerization and introduction of information and communication technologies", the decree dated September 28, 2005 "On Public Information Network of the Republic of Uzbekistan"; as well as the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 5, 1999 "On creation of the national data transmission network and regulation of use of the world information networks"; Resolution dated March 26, 1999 "On approval of the Situation on the procedure for preparation and distribution of information resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan in networks of data transmission, including on the Internet"; Resolution dated September 23, 2002 "On Improvement of Management Organization in Communication and Information", Resolution dated November 22, 2005 "On Improvement of Legal Framework in the field of Informatization"; "On further development of information network "Ziyonet" of December 28, 2005; "On Measures to Develop Public Relations of State and Economic Governance Bodies" of September 22, 2006; "On measures for further improvement of cooperation between state and economic management, local authorities with legal entities and individuals using information and communication technologies" of August 23, 2007; "On measures for further enhancement of interaction of state and economic management, local authorities with legal entities and individuals with the use of information and communication technologies" of August 23, 2007; "On measures for further development of the Government Portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Internet" of December 17, 2007 and other legal documents serve to informatization of society in accordance with modern requirements. The implementation of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Measures for Further Development of the National Information and Communication System of the Republic of Uzbekistan" dated June 27, 2013 No PD-1989 and the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers on the implementation of the Decree indicates that a number of large-scale works have been carried out in this sphere.
The WTIS Forum has published a rating of 'Information Society Index', which reports the latest ICT development studies in more than 190 countries. According to 2017 International Telecommunication Union's report, Uzbekistan reached 8th place in the ICT Development Index and was ranked 95th among 192 countries. In 2016, our country was ranked 110th in this rating. However, the XEI has revised its data and placed Uzbekistan at the 103rd position in 2016. At the symposium Uzbekistan was awarded with the status of dynamical ICT development. The WTIS Symposium is the leading international forum to assess the state of information and communication technologies in countries [2].
Based on statistical sources this year, it was found that the virtual reception of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan received about 1.5 million appeals. It is also worth mentioning that social networks have been created by President Sh.Mirziyoev to ensure the rights of citizens in receiving transparent information.
In this regard, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Additional Measures of Further Development of Information and Mass Communication" dated February 2, 2019 was adopted. The Decree provides freedom of speech and information, formation of institutional and legal framework for the development of information and mass communications. Furthermore, the adoption of the Decree of President Sh.Mirziyoev "On Measures for Further Improvement of Information Technologies and Communications" from February 2018 was an important step in the development of this sphere.
Considering the importance of information and communication technologies in life of our economy and society, a comprehensive program of development of the National Information and Communication System of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2013-2020 was adopted. The consistent implementation of these measures is necessary to provide the society with information and communication products and services, and to create opportunities for each home and citizen for the use its capabilities. In its turn, significant work has been done to transform the sector into one of the main determinants of economic development of the country. In 2014, the volume of services provided by enterprises of communication, information and telecommunication systems increased by 24.5%. Computer services also increased by 21.6 %. We can say that the establishment of online public services in Uzbekistan is not only a breakthrough in the field of information technology, but also a significant result in solving a number of problems related to the documents that arise in the social life of citizens.
Currently, 685 types of interactive services are provided through websites of government agencies and electronic resources. The number of state information resources, which is an important factor in the provision of electronic services to population and bussines has reached 226, and the number of information systems of government agencies is 297 respectively.
The number of domains in the «UZ» zone has exceeded 20,500, and since January 2015, more than 2.4 thousand new websites have been launched. The growth made up 111% compared to the same period of the previous year and 6.5% at the beginning of the year. It can be seen that the large-scale work has been done in the country to improve public service delivery [3].
Most importantly, the development of modern information technologies and communications in the country has become a key link in trends in development of information and communication technologies in Uzbekistan. Consistent efforts are being undertaken to create an integrated system of e-government services, to introduce new mechanisms for government agencies to communicate with the public. Taking into account that a number of
systemic problems and shortcomings in the management and implementation of information technologies and communications impede the rapid development of this sector and the provision of quality information services, the President Sh. Mirziyoyev has signed a resolution No- 5349 "On Measures for Further Improvement of Information Technology and Communications". Further improvement of the management system in the field of information technologies and communications, expansion of a range of electronic government services and telecommunications services, development of telecommunication infrastructure is a priority in the ICT field in our country. One of our major achievements is ongoing reforms in Uzbekistan aimed at improving the lives of citizens through the use of information and communication technologies.
In this regard the charter of the global information society in Okinawa, signed on July 22, 2000 by eight developed countries of the world is appropriate. This Charter clearly demonstrates that information and communication technologies are an important factor in the development of a new world community. In this regard, on February 2, 2019 the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Additional Measures for Further Development of Information and Mass Communication" was adopted. The Decree provides the freedom of speech and information, formation of institutional and legal framework for development of information and mass communications.
In a globalized world, information plays an important role in interethnic and international relations. That is, it can be seen as both a positive and a negative force in the world community.
In this sense, the countries with the greatest potential in the technical and technological sphere will have necessary conveniences. One of the features of present time is that any local event is becoming a global phenomenon because of modern information technology.
So technically powerful countries have powerful information technologies. In return, they are trying to gain the ideological, political, economic and cultural domination over other countries by disseminating the information they have developed. These countries are, first of all, developed countries. Undoubtedly, the development of information technologies in our country will have an impact on socio-political processes.
On January 9, 2018, under the leadership of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoev, the meeting was dedicated to the effectiveness of measures to ensure the further development and security of information and communication technologies [4].
Last year, digital TV coverage increased from 88% to 100%. The number of mobile users increased by 7% to 22.8 million. In 2017, IT services comprised 7.7 trillion soums, or 26% more compared to 2016. Within the investment program, $ 260 million has been disbursed. There is still a lot of work to be done in the field of information technology, and the results show that we are inferior to other countries.
For instance, the share of information technology in GDP is 9% in South Korea, 5.5% in Japan, 4.7% in China and India, and only 2.2% in Uzbekistan. This is confirmed by the fact that Uzbekistan ranks 95th out of 176 countries in the Index of Information and Communication Development.This is confirmed by the fact that Uzbekistan ranks 95th out of 176 countries in the Index of Information and Communication Development. It is increasingly important to expand and increase the speed of access the Internet, establish contacts with leading foreign companies in the field of software, telecommunications, and further development of e-government system.
Developing a "Strategy for Further E-Government System Development in 2018-2021", taking into account international experience and trends in development of modern information and communication technologies in 2018, the volume of works and services provided by Mirzo Ulugbek Innovation Center increased at least twice and 1.8% increase in exports, cooperation with foreign companies and assistance in entering new markets. Development of software products in this area and national training is not yet in demand. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi is in the top three most prestigious universities in the world for three years, strengthen cooperation with the leading universities and companies in this field, and organize internships and professional development for faculty and students. The main task today is the need to improve the performance of our national operators and programmers who can compete with the world's largest ICT corporations.
Conclusion. Technological progress, in turn, continues to play a powerful role in imparting ideas to people, even with the rapid development of information globalization. The penetration of globalization in various fields, combined with information technology, marked a new direction in social development In the age of information and information technologies, a single information space is able to overcome political and economic barriers between states and continents. At the same time, the development of science and technology has become increasingly important in establishing effective mechanisms for global and regional security and stability. This will further strengthen Uzbekistan's political image on the world arena.
Introduction and development of information and communication technologies in public administration is an integral part of large-scale information transformation of society. This will significantly improve the efficiency of public administration, optimize the interaction of the state with the society, its individual institutions and citizens.
Maintenance of national security of the country is the main condition and guarantee for realization of democratic and socio-economic changes, achievement of spiritual development, as well as strengthening of cooperation of Uzbekistan with the world community. In this context, without ever-growing information technology, it is impossible to reach the top.
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