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в одной из трактовок — это методологическая процедура, характеризующая теоретико-категориальный синтез внутри научного знания. Так, В. В. Розанов усматривает в понимании универсальную процедуру, присущую всем наукам и ведущую к построению цельного знания [6]. В социологии метод понимания отстаивается в теории социального действия М. Вебера. Для учёного важной является интерпретация данного метода, как рационалистического. Он включает в себя непосредственное понимание смысла действия, а также понимание, объясняющее мотивацию и смысловые связи действия в его идеальном типе. А. А. Зиновьев считает, что понятие «фактор понимания» имеет принципиальное значение при формировании различного рода общественных
учений. Он предлагает собственную теорию с единым понятийным аппаратом, организованным в целое, по правилам разработанной им логической концепции.
Осмысление в рамках научного знания самой социальной реальности претендует в той или иной степени на её понимание, раскрытие смысла, происходящих в ней значительных трансформаций. Незримый диалог представителей различных эпох сконцентрирован на узловых, болевых моментах в области интеллектуальной деятельности. Их представления о роли учёных-обществоведов и потенциальных возможностях научного знания в решение социальных проблем вносят вклад в определение формулы гармонии: наука для жизни.
Список литературы:
Зиновьев А. А. Фактор понимания. - М.: Алгоритм. Эксмо, 2006. - 528 с.
Ножин Н. Д. Наша наука и учёные: книги и издания//Книжный вестник. - 1866. - № 1. - С. 18-21. Ножин Н. Д. Наша наука и учёные: книги и издания//Книжный вестник. - 1866. - № 2. - С. 51-54. Ножин Н. Д. Наша наука и учёные: книги и издания//Книжный вестник. - 1866. - № 3. - С. 73-79. Ножин Н. Д. Наша наука и учёные: книги и издания//Книжный вестник. - 1866. - № 7. - С. 173-178. Розанов В. В. О понимании: Опыт исследования природы границ и внутреннего строения науки как цельного знания. - М.: Танаис, 1996. - 802 с.
Социология инноватики: теория и практика: Тез. докл. Первая международная конф. по социологии инноватики. -М.: РГИИС, 2006. - 503 с.
Социальная политика/под ред. Н. А. Волгина. - М.: Экзамен, 2006. - 736 с.
Хвостов В. М. Этика человеческого достоинства. - М.: Тип. лит. т-ва И. Н. Кушнерёв, 1912. - 168 с. 10. Щапов А. П. Общий взгляд на историю интеллектуального развития в России/Соч-я А. П. Щапова т. 2 - СПб.: изд-во Пирожкова, 1906. - 620 с.
9.
Subhanov Nodir,
The Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan, Doctorate student, Director of the «Yetakchi» Centre of Youth Tashkent, Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
Social activity of youth in Uzbekistan
Abstract: In this article some aspects of the social activity of youth and social policy on creating conditions for social activity of youth in the Republic of Uzbekistan are considered.
Keywords: youth, person, social activity, political activity, social policy, new conditions, market economy.
During the years of independence there was a complete change of orientation in ideology and world outlook of the youth of Uzbekistan. That once was considered the highest value of society, was a false. The most difficult problem faced by society is the problem of forming the youth of new thinking, new attitudes and values.
It is well known that socialist ideology was based on the important role of the collective. Every citizen of the former Soviet Union was obliged to consider the socio-political interests of the country part of their personal and personal well-being of family and loved ones was on the second place.
Now in the market need to adjust to "pragmatism", "a policy of exact calculation", to live according to the laws and
norms of individualism, based primarily on the satisfaction of private interests, to learn that the most important thing in life is personal happiness, business success and benefit and then universal values. Very difficult was to get used and to reconstruct their thinking to the older and middle generation, who are accustomed to the fact that their ideology was determined by the state, and they were merely an obedient tool in its hands.
The collapse of the socialist system has also caused confusion among mainstream society, its intellectuals, which did not then find ways to use the new rights and freedoms.
Today in conditions of transition to new economic relations one of the strategic problems of building a new society is
the problem of formation of young generation, a new type with features of creativity, tolerance, responsibility, efficiency.
The life confronts young people with difficult questions:
- How to survive in the conditions of market relations?
- How to plan their career?
- How and through whom to achieve their goals?
- How to defend their interests and be able to influence political and economic processes in our country?
The socio-technological progress and the pace of development of thinking of the population, including young people and society determine the rate of conversion. When implementing this policy the most important task is the study and constant monitoring of a variety of youth problems, the analysis of processes dynamics of socio-political orientations.
In this regard, a sociological survey was conducted; the object of study was the socio-political activity is the engagement of youth in decision-making on actual problems of development of society and the activity for their implementation. It is defined as objective and subjective factors. Among the objective are the unity of rights and duties, freedoms and citizenship of young people, support youth initiatives, the guarantee of freedom of choice, creating conditions for the full participation of youth in the development and implementation of programmes of the social development.
Implementation of the youth policy is a priority direction of state policy, especially towards the creation of socioeconomic, legal, organizational conditions and guarantees for social formation and development of youth, disclosing of its creative potential in the interests of the whole society.
It should be noted that the state youth policy in the Republic of Uzbekistan is based on the following principles:
- the care for young people, regardless of nationality, race, language, religious affiliation, social status, gender, education and political convictions;
- the continuity of national and cultural traditions, the spiritual connection between the generations;
- the guarantee of freedom of choice young people of ways of realization of their interests within the framework of the Constitution and Laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
- the unity of rights and duties, freedoms and civil liability [1].
The proclamation of 2008 as the "Year of youth" and in 2010 "Year of harmoniously developed generation" undoubtedly was a great event in the lives of young people. Approved by Decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan from February 29, 2008 the State program "Year of youth" and dated 27 January 2010 of the State program "Year of harmoniously developed generation" include a complex of measures for the timely solution of problems on protection of the rights and interests of youth, and deepening reforms in the system of continuous education, to ensure the demand of specialists trained by educational institutions. These programs are great opportunities to young citizens for self-realization and implementing ideas to raise the cultural level. However, in practice, in the real spheres of economy are ignoring the interests of young people, violation of rights and freedoms. Not always the work of young people receives support and is provided with legal practice.
Table 1. - Factors hindering the political activity of young people (by regions of Uzbekistan), %
Andijan Namangan Fergana Surkhan-darya Kashkadarya Tashkent
A) the lack of political culture 72.6 67.7 56.0 54.2 69.1 44.2
B) Bureaucratic barriers preventing political opportunities 18.8 18.2 40.0 29.1 26.1 14.3
C) The conflict between the political forces 8.6 14.1 7 15.2 11.1 9.7
The state is not indifferent, and it may not stand aside and be indifferent observer of what the values of our youth is committed, that their cares than their lives. According to the President of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov: «We must understand the simple truth in the spiritual realm vacuum does not happen. We need to protect our children from harmful and alien to our mentality influences, to educate independently thinking young people with their strong beliefs and views on life, on everything that happens around them, to create in them the desire for a healthy lifestyle, respect both national and universal values. Here a special role belongs to public, non-governmental, primarily youth organizations» [2].
Despite the fact that the role and significance of youth as a direct subject of socio-political processes clearly recognized by society and the state, however, is not based on real indicators-active participation of youth in the reform processes of the political sphere (Table 2).
In this case it is necessary to take into account the traditional mentality which leads to passivity of young people, prescribes to stay out of ideological and political struggle. The political power can operate in three ways: 1) through traditions; 2) as the rational-legal authority bureaucratic; 3) on trust to the Leader.
In Uzbekistan, the cultural tradition is crucial in the management of political life of youth. The formation of legal mechanisms, freedom of speech, information, etc. regulate the relationship between the various interests and goals. The experience of modern life suggests that changes in society, policies must be implemented while maintaining traditional legitimacy in political institutions. And here arises the problem of correlation of cultural traditions to ensure the impartiality of information, openness of society, the nature of communication and the formation of a scientific world outlook, the main component of which is law knowing.
Table 2. - The participation of youth in political life of the country (by regions of Uzbekistan), %
Andijan Namangan Fergana Surkhan-darya Kashkadarya Tashkent
A) very low 26.9 20 18 24 22.5 21.7
B) average 44.7 45.3 34 39.1 43.1 40.9
C) very high 3.5 7.6 12.5 6.5 7.5 7.6
D) activity is observed only in places of study or work 14.2 17.1 26 12.7 16.4 19.2
E) there are barriers to youth participation 10.1 5.3 9.5 12.1 14.6 8.8
The interest of young people in political organisations, However, many of them sufficiently informed about party particularly political parties, rather passive — only 5.9 % of system of the country.
the young respondents said that they «are members of one So, the question «Which political party would you like to
of the political parties officially registered in Uzbekistan». be?» the answers were as follows (Table 3).
Table 3. - The answer to the question «Which political party would you like to be?» in %
Andijan Namangan Fergana Surkhan-darya Kashkadarya Tashkent
People-Democratic Party of Uzbekistan 21.1 19.7 22.0 14.1 15.5 17.0
Democratic Party «Milliy Tiklanish» 20.6 18.5 19.0 21.5 20.6 19.4
Social-Democratic Party «Adolat» 14.7 13.5 15.0 11.7 14.4 15.2
Liberal-Democratic Party of Uzbekistan 28.8 21.8 21.5 28.6 26.2 27.4
I would not want to be in one of them 14.8 26.5 22.5 24.1 23.3 21.0
Thus, the compilation and analysis of opinion polls leads to the conclusion that the majority of youth of Uzbekistan's preference for the democratic development of society and the state. Despite the fact that in everyday life are felt some difficulties, the main democratic orientation of their orientations preserved. So the polls show that 75 % of young respondents supported the idea of building a democratic state. However, quite a significant place in the minds of the youth of Uzbekistan is occupied as social values such as socio-economic equality among all citizens. In the opinion of the youth "a democratic society" is a society where are no too rich and the very poor citizens (so say 60 % of respondents).
Today especially actual there are tasks on the revitaliza-tion of the society and the state for the socialization of young generation, instilling in their civil qualities, the development of civil feelings. It must also effectively be combined with increased political and legal literacy of youth. There is a need to improve the legal framework of the state youth policy in Uzbekistan.
The problem ofyouth participation in political life is a state question. It is a process of understanding and promoting: the state and the government should help young people, but young people should participate in the affairs of the state and society.
It should be noted that the youth in formation of civil society always plays a fundamental role. And the civil society, as a system independent of the state of social institutions and relations are designed to provide conditions for self-realization of individuals and collectives, realization of private interests and needs.
That is why civil society and forms the natural foundation of political democracy without which democracy is
simply impossible or ineffective. We can recall the famous idea of I. Kant that the legal order and the constitutional state is possible only where society independent of the state has the means and sanctions in order to enforce its members certain moral and behavioral norms. And moral standards respectively increase legal.
The defining moment in the formation of civil society is the social responsibility. Its role in the coordination aspect of many forms of interrelation of interests of personality, society and the state is that responsibility as a social phenomenon defines the permissible activity of individuals, groups and organizations in society. Speaking of responsibility as an objective phenomenon of social life, it means first of all a function of a reflection in public and individual consciousness collectively of "public-appropriate" normative requirements to the personality and forms of its activity, due to the specifics of social development.
Existing in the framework of subject-object relations, responsibility associated with those who bring forth certain requirements for individuals, social communities. These requirements are binding through a system of political, legal, economic, moral norms. In other words, social responsibility, public relation integrates the various elements of the process of formation of civil society and legal state because it presupposes the conscious relation of the subject (personality, social groups) to the needs of social reality, and progress in the historically significant activity.
The responsibility means the unity of two aspects: negative and positive. The negative aspect is characterized by the presence of social sanctions designed to regulate the relationships of the individual and society. The positive aspect implies
a conscious realization of the individual's self-identity as person in the process of formation of civil society. Therefore, the development of civil society is not reduced to phenomena of a political order such as democracy and parliamentarism. The basis of this process is the priority of the rights of the individual as an independent entity. Asserting their rights, political positions, individual correlates them with their notions of the rule of law, moral and socio-political culture.
Therefore, the particular urgency is the question of implementation of the State programs "Year of youth", "Year of harmoniously developed generation", "Year of the child" and the National program for personnel training, which developed
a detailed system of gradual education of the younger generation. Especially important in this concept is the basis of the state youth policy. The question of implementation of state youth policy set by life itself. As the bet on young — old tool like the maintenance of the national spirit, and external expansion as dialogue of cultures and the undermining of value systems. And in the modern world this question becomes, that is called, in a loud voice.
The achieving these goals takes time. However, there should not miss it, because the slightest delay will violate the terms of objectives achievement and, accordingly, occurrences of Uzbekistan among the developed, civilized Nations of the world!
References:
1. Закон Республики Узбекистан «Об основах государственной молодежной политики в Республике Узбекистана/Ведомости Олий Мажлиса. - 1992.
2. Каримов И. А. Из речи президента на торжественном собрании по случаю принятия Конституции Республики Узбекистан. - Т.: Газета «Народное слова» от 7 декабря 2007 г.
