CC BY
33Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 12 (2017 10) 1856-1868
УДК 332.146.2
Smart-Technology Based Model of Managing the Development of the Regions: Smart Specialisation
Irina V. Filimonenko* and Zoya V. Vasilieva
Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
Received 29.05.2017, received in revised form 08.12.2017, accepted 15.12.2017
This research is focused on the justification of the necessity to change conceptual approaches to the management of the resource regions' economy development in the conditions of global challenges and changes in the models of spatial development. New world development trends decrease the efficiency of using traditional methods and mechanisms of the resource region's management, which are based on the preservation of the role of the leading raw resources sector; prevailing influence of large industrial and resource holdings; limited powers of regional authorities in managing the resource potential of the region.
Basing on the relation of technological and market parameters, the article studies the opportunities for applying models of multi-sectoral development to meet global challenges by forming a new rapidly developing sector in the economy of resource regions. Taking into account the peculiarities of the resource regions' development, the role of rapidly developing sectors in technological and innovative development of the region is revealed. To form new rapidly developing sectors in the economy of the regions, the authors justify application ofthe approach to region development management on the basis of "smart specialisation" concept through introduction of Smart technologies into the processes of production and administration both in traditional specialisation sectors and new spheres of activities. Using the "smart specialisation" concept for managing the resource region allowed to determine scenarios for the economy development differentiated by technological leadership scale - "niche leadership", "local technological competitiveness", "international technological competitiveness". Applying the strategic positioning method in the axis of the matrix space "economic sector - source of new knowledge and technologies/professional competences" allowed to form strategies and scenarios of technological development of the resource region. Parameters of strategic positioning included "technology (own, mother, borrowed)"; "professional competence (basic of the existing specialisation; innovative)"; "basic sectors of regional specialisation"; "new rapidly developing". Assessment of the model of managing resource regions on the basis of "smart specialisation" concept on the example of the Krasnoyarsk Krai allowed to prove the hypothesis that there are "rapidly developing sectors" (high-tech, knowledge economy) in the economy structure and to determine necessary conditions for development and growth.
Keywords: region's development management, global challenges, multi-sectoral model, rapidly developing sector, "smart specialisation" concept, technological development scenarios.
DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0186.
Research area: economics.
© Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved Corresponding author E-mail address: IFilimonenko@sfu-kras.ru
- 1856 -
*
Relevance. The need to change conceptual approaches to managing the spatial development of territories is associated with key changes occurring in the world as a result of the impact of global challenges and the formation of new trends in territorial development. Key trends include global synchronisation in advanced industries, convergence and interpenetration of various fields of science and technology; change in the types of regional and urban development through the transition to "networked" development; active distribution of Smart Solution - smart and environmentally friendly technologies, the emergence of compact smart cities. As a consequence, the existing global value chains are being transformed, key players in global and national markets are changing, and the types of regional development are changing. At present, the cluster approach in regional policy is declared as an important tool for increasing the territories' competitiveness. The principal changes in the configuration of the world energy infrastructure, transport, information and communication systems are predicted.
Setting and description of the problem. In these conditions, one of the priority tasks of regional development is the search for new sources of economic growth (Innovatsionnyi Krai - 2020..., 2011). In the medium term, the solution of the problem is based on a large-scale modernisation of traditional sectors of the economy based on modern technologies. In the long term, it is based on the creation of new industries that provide the formation of new markets or market niches, the creation of products with new properties, innovative services, and the achievement of significant multiplicative effects for the development of the region's economy due to their interdisciplinary and intersectoral nature.
However, when setting and finding solutions to the problems of regional development, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of
the regions of the Russian Federation with the commodity-based economy, which manifests itself in the technological diversity and diversified specialisation of the economic sectors, the predominance of 3rd and 4th technological waves in the economy, in the dominance of large industrial holdings, in limited participation of regional authorities in management mechanisms development of resource and raw materials potential of the region. As a result, the transition to new technologies of the 5th and 6th technological waves slows down, it is difficult to implement new formats of interaction between regional authorities and economic agents of the system "science - education - production", it is more difficult to overcome the "fragmented" nature of the institutional environment and the infrastructural support for technological development. Therefore, new trends in world development reduce the effectiveness of using traditional methods and mechanisms for managing the region with the commodity-based economy, and there is a need to use new approaches to strategic planning for regional development based on the region's innovative technological potential and the model of multisectoral development. The catalyst for the development of the multisectoral model is the formation of the booming sector in the economy of the region, the growth of which is provided through the use of breakthrough technologies (cogno-, info-, nano-, bio-) and "knowledge economy" technologies by "constructing" production chains in the region (Corden, Neary, 1982; Corden, 1984; Ermakova; Mikheeva, 2009).
In this case, the priority task of searching for new sources of economic growth is transformed for the regions in the task of transition to a new multisectoral development model.
Despite the significant contribution of foreign (European Economic Commission, UN) and domestic scientists to the development of
multisectoral models, the issues of formation of new sectors of the economy have not been previously considered, taking into account the peculiarities and limitations of the development of the commodity-based regions conditioned by the structure of the economy. This study, on the example of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, focuses on the possibilities of this model, allowing to reveal the mechanism of technological development of the region, to determine the necessary conditions and describe the effects that arise in a technologically multistructured economy due to the rapid development of one of the sectors.
Research methods. Let us consider the "economic sector" as a part of economic activity characterised by certain features that allow it to be distinguished from other parts of economic activity for analytical purposes (Sipols, 2010). When allocating sectors of the economy of the regions with the commodity-based economy, the criteria includes characteristics, combining which we can disclose the main purpose of the sector from the position of market parameters (aggregate supply and demand) used in the international economy, taking into account the possibilities of confronting the "global challenges" system. The characteristics of the sectors of the commodity-based economy is given in Table 1.
The resources and raw materials sector produces products (raw materials, resources), mainly focused on meeting external demand (traded goods), prices are set by national or world markets. For the Krasnoyarsk Krai, this sector includes industries related to the third and fourth technological waves (Nazarova, 2007; Samusenko, Bukharova, 2015). The output of this sector is determined by the costs of specific factors (produced raw materials and natural resources) and labour resources.
The infrastructural sector produces non-tradable goods (products, services), more focused on satisfying the domestic demand of the region,
the consumption of which takes place at the place of production. Prices for goods are determined by local markets. The branches that make up this sector of the economy belong to the third and fourth technological waves. The output of the sector is determined by the costs of investment and highly professional labour resources, the size of domestic demand.
The high-tech sector is rapidly developing. The growth of the sector is due to the development of scientific and technical progress, the introduction and diffusion of innovations into the basic sectors of the economy, the formation of new technologies, industries and activities. The sector's products (new resources, materials, technologies, products, services) are able to claim global leadership in new sectors of the economy. Prices are determined in the external markets of the region. The types of activity that make up this sector of the economy are based on the technologies of the fifth and sixth technological waves. The output of this sector is determined by the costs of innovative and intellectual resources.
The "knowledge economy" sector has been developing as a result of achieving a synergistic effect from the integration activities of the regional production, consumption and R&D centres. The products of the sector are the creation, dissemination and use of knowledge based on modern ICT for the development of smart technologies, industries, systems (ways to solve consumer problems, resource-efficient technologies for improving product quality, management methods for complex production and life support systems) technological competitiveness and world leadership of the region in new sectors of the economy. The formation of this sector is considered as a transition to the sixth technological wave of development (creation of artificial intelligence and global information networks). The intensity of the sector's development is determined by
Table 1. Characteristics of the Sectors of the Region's Commodity-based Economy
Parameters of the sector's development Sector of the region's economy
Resources and raw materials Infrastructural High-tech
Products Traded goods (raw materials, resources), mainly focused on meeting external demand (traded Non-tradable goods (products, services), more focused on satisfying the domestic demand of the Traded goods (new resources, materials, technologies, products, services) focused on
goods) region satisfying both domestic and external demand
Prices Set by national or world markets Set by local markets Set by world markets
Technological wave Third-forth Third-forth Fifth-sixth
Production factors Produced raw materials, Investment resources and Investment resources
natural resources, labour highly professional labour Innovative and intellectual
resources resources resources
Knowledge economy
Products Non-material products: knowledge, which is the basis for the development of ICT,
Smart technologies, production, systems
Prices Set by local or national intellectual property markets
Technological wave Sixth
Production factors Innovative, intellectual and information resources
the structure of the innovation system, the costs of innovative and intellectual resources, and the development of the information infrastructure.
Sectoral composition of economic sectors of the Krasnoyarsk Krai and the change in their share in the gross regional product by 2020 are shown in Figure 1 (Innovatsionnyi Krai - 2020., 2011; Strategies of innovative development...).
Effects from the development of the hightech sector and the "knowledge economy" sector are manifested in the resources and raw materials and infrastructural sectors of the economy, ensuring their transition to the fifth and sixth technological waves and output that can claim "local niche leadership" or "leadership in the local economy". Thus, rapidly developing sectors (high-tech, "knowledge economy") perform the role of an engine in the regional economy, ensuring the transition of basic, infrastructure industries and the economy as a whole to an innovative development model.
Taking into account the rapidly developing sectors in the model allows to achieve the following effects of regional development:
- to provide technological development of the resources and raw materials sector and infrastructural sector of the economy due to a wide range of multiplicative effects from the introduction of promising technologies. As a result, the technological multistructurality is reduced and the differentiation of innovative development in the economic sectors of the region is reduced;
- to protect the economy of the region from the risks of fluctuations of the external economic environment for raw materials and the negative impact of geopolitical factors;
- to increase budget receipts from all sectors of the economy, allowing to direct expenditures for the development of social infrastructure;
- to reduce the differentiation of the incomes of the regional population engaged in
■ 2015 12020
■ 2015 12020
r
Basic sectors of
regional
specialization
V_
Resources and raw materials
oil and gas; mining and metallurgy; machine engineering; agricultural
Infrastructural
transport;
energy;
construction
Goal - strengthening competitive advantages of the region's industries
Prerequisite - development of existing local markets of competitive products
High-tech sector
V_
advanced processing of mineral resources;
high proceesing stages of production
:;by 1.5 times
12015 ■ 2020
'Knowledge economy' sector
smart environments, smart systems, smart productions, smart region
Goal - development of new spheres of activities at the regional level
Prerequisite - development and formation of new markets (local, national international)
Goal - development of the potential of creative industrial activities for future diversification of the commodity-based economy, development of new-markets
Prerequisite - reaching a synergetic effect from integration of regional centres of production and consumption with research and development institutions
* Proportion in the Gross Regional Product of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, development...)
Fig. 1. Sectoral Composition of the Economy
according to the data (Innovatsionnyi Krai - 2020..., 2011; "Strategies of innovative
various sectors of the economy at the expense of the potential possibility to receive superprofits (profit growth) from the introduction and sale of innovative products (materials, technologies, goods, services);
- to limit intersectoral mobility of manpower by increasing the differentiation of requirements for the professional competences of workers in three sectors of the economy. As a result, the processes of training professional staff in the regional education system are becoming more understandable, and their forecasts are scientifically sound.
Effects from the development of the "knowledge economy" sector include the diversification of the economic structure of the region with the commodity-based economy, the provision of high added value in the manufacturing industries, the emergence of a fundamentally new level in the systems of governing the state and the society, the transition of the regional economy to the sixth technological wave, the output of products that can claim "world leadership in new sectors of the economy".
The prerequisite for the transition to a multi-sectoral model of the regional economy is the change in the principles of demand management for innovation based on network models and the concept of "smart specialisation". This concept is aimed at the formation of new rapidly developing sectors in the economy of the regions through the introduction of advanced, breakthrough and intelligent technologies in the production and management processes in the traditional specialisation areas of the region (resources and raw materials, infrastructure and processing) and the creation and development of new fields of activity. The sources of technologies and professional competences are not only the creation of their own mother technologies within the territory of the region, but their borrowing and adaptation.
Main results. For regions with a technologically multistructured economy, the concept of "smart specialisation" allows to design development scenarios differentiated in terms of technological leadership:
"niche leadership" is a scenario characterising, on the one hand, the processes of introducing regional production centers in the production and technological chains of the global economy and reproducing the products of the previous generation. On the other hand, the processes of transition to technologies and equipment of a new generation of high technology industries in the local sectors of the region's economy;
"local technological competitiveness" is a scenario based on the creation of mother technologies and innovative professional competences as the results of own research and development in the sectors of traditional specialisation of the region (resources and raw materials, infrastructure, processing);
"international technological competitiveness" is a scenario focused on applying the results of unique scientific research and technological developments (breakthrough technologies, integrator technologies, knowledge economy technologies) in new rapidly developing sectors of the economy.
The use of the method of strategic positioning in the coordinates of the matrix space "economic sector: the source of new knowledge and technologies/professional competences" allowed to design strategies for technological development of the region with the commodity-based economy (Regiony nuzhdautsia...; Smart specialization., 2015) (Fig. 2). The following parameters of strategic positioning were used:
- technologies - "own mother" or "borrowed";
- professional competences - "basic existing specialisation" or "innovative";
- sectors of the economy - "the basic sectors of regional specialisation (resource and
raw materials, infrastructural)" or "new rapidly developing (high-tech, "knowledge economy")".
"Niche leadership" is a strategy based on the scenario of technology borrowing (technological imports). It is focused on the integration of the Russian economy into the most efficient and productive technological chains of the global economy. The parameters of the scientific and technological policy for the import of technologies practically do not depend on whether technological imports are concentrated in traditional or new sectors of the economy (Strategies of innovative...). It should be noted that the transition to a new generation of equipment in many high-tech industries in Russia, in particular in the telecommunications equipment industry, takes place in accordance with this strategy. Due to the lack of their own modern developments and developed production, the development of the industry is reduced to the reproduction of the previous generation products.
The strategy is aimed at maintaining macroeconomic stability in the region's economy characterised by relatively low parameters of budget expenditures on science, innovations and investments in the development of human capital.
The examples of this strategy in the Krasnoyarsk Krai can be the use of industrial biotechnology:
- in the mining industry: technologies using microorganisms in mining, coal, oil refining industry; technologies of bio-extraction of useful elements of non-traditional rocks;
- in the metallurgical industry: biohydrometallurgy is microbial leaching of metals from ores, production of corrosion-resistant bimetals; biopreparations for oil production and transportation;
- in the energy sector: obtaining energy from renewable raw materials of biological origin on an industrial scale; biofuel: biogas, fuel pellets, briquettes.
"Local technological competitiveness" is provided through the creation of its own mother technologies and professional competences, which are necessary for use in the existing sectors of the economy of traditional specialisation (resource and raw materials, infrastructural). The strategy provides global leadership in the local market (domestic national or regional market) and the preservation of existing priorities in research and development.
3 i ^ e
t , s g e g
p
p o
g r
o 0
i i
s äi o w i S' S i. e o g s
^ c
Basic sectors of regional specialisation
New rapidly developing sectors of the economy
Local technological competitiveness International technological competitiveness
Niche leadership Niche leadership
Fig. 2. Space of the strategical positioning of the region in accordance with the "smart specialisation" model
- 1862 -
A significant potential for the application of this strategy in the economy of the Krasnoyarsk Krai exists at the intersection of the following industry areas and technological innovations:
- in the machine building complex: utilization, processing of machine elements and light alloy structures at the end of the life cycle; utilization of dumps and waste from the mining industry;
- in the infrastructural sector: creation of a universal logistics and information operator on the basis of a postal operator for the service of cargo transportation between Europe and Asia; creation of spatial data infrastructure, distance education and media education.
"International technological competitiveness" is based on Russian scientific research and innovation and technological developments aimed at new branches of the economy, the development of a whole range of advanced production technologies, such as: agricultural biotechnology, genetic engineering, IT technology, urban engineering, engineering and industrial design, etc. This will require more significant investment in science, technology and innovation.
Potential of the strategy in the Krasnoyarsk Krai is concentrated in the following sectors:
- rocket and space: development of the GLONASS system: navigation spacecraft of the new generation, navigation equipment;
- radio electronics: creation of infrastructure in system-oriented design centres, design centres, silicon factories, scientific and technical centres for microsystems.
The strategy is capable of providing the world leading sectors of the economy with global leadership in the international market through unique scientific research and technological developments.
Required conditions for the implementation of technological development strategies are determined by the structure and potential of the
region's innovation and technology system, which allows to assess either the possibility of creating their own mother technologies and the formation of innovative, professional competences in the region or the appropriateness of borrowing technologies and professional competences (Sergeev, Alekseenkova).
The implementation of technological development strategies depends on the possibility of forming the chain of a full innovative cycle, shifting the organizational and economic mechanisms and resources of the administrative management of the region from the production centres and consumption centres to R&D centres with a change in the conceptual management model: from the "production management" model to the model of "product's life-cycle management" (Fig. 3).
The production centres unite producers of intermediate and final products, including services, suppliers, intermediaries and other agents of the market, which provide the process of production of finished products (materials, technologies, goods, services). The objective in terms of development of the region is the formation of production and technology chains that include as many of the cycles of value creation as possible at all stages from mining to the provision of services.
Consumption centres (markets) are represented by sectoral complexes or geographical markets, where the main groups of industrial consumers are concentrated:
- resources and raw materials (oil and gas, mining-metallurgical, timber industry, machinebuilding, agro-industrial);
- infrastructural (construction, transport, energy);
- high-tech (biopharmaceutical, processing of mineral resources, high production redistribution, high-tech production of innovative products);
- sector of the knowledge economy.
1. Production
centres
Raw materials
Materials
Resources
Technologies: Desigu Production Man seine lit
1
Products Services
3. Consumption centres/markets
Consumers
Resources and raw materials sector: Oil.it gas
Mining and metallurgy Wood and paper Machine building Agricultural
Infra structural sector:
Construction
Transport
energy
High-tech sector:
Advanced processing of mineral resources and raw materials; high processing stages of production
3. R&D ceutres (PLC management)
Strategic academic nuits ÍSibFUl
Federal Research Centres
Industrial RiltD
Regional Technology Platform National Technology Platform National Technology Initiative
Programme of Innovative Development 2.0
Federal Research Centres Excellence centres
Research innovative interest groups
Nano Technoceiitres Industrial parks
Fig. 3. Elements of the innovative and technological system of the region
The objective is to form the demand for innovative products and the formation of new markets.
R&D centres (product lifecycle management) combine the potential of research and innovation technological structures focused on the creation, examination, implementation and scaling of technology, as well as the formation of professional competencies. The objective is to use the opportunities provided by the national technological system to form the potential of the innovation and technological system of the region on the basis of cooperation between the subjects of the science-education-production system in order to achieve world technological competitiveness, transition to the 4th technological wave and the development of the creative economy.
The structure of the potential of the region's innovative technological system for implementing scenarios and strategies for technological development is presented in Table 2. Fragments of the organizational and structural models of the technological development of the Krasnoyarsk Krai for the fuel and energy
complex (the resource and raw materials sector of the economy) are shown in Fig. 4.
Conclusions. As the strategy of technological development is based on the choice of technologies capable ofproviding the region with different levels of technological leadership (niche, local, international), organizational and structural models are developed for each type of the strategy in each sector of the economy. As a result, the information field of technological development is formed reflecting the existing Centers of production of goods (services) in the region, the potential markets for them and the R&D centres for technology development, implementation and scaling.
Thus, the assessment of the management model for the development of the regions with the commodity-based economy involving smart specialisation concept on the example of the Krasnoyarsk Krai made it possible to confirm the hypothesis of the presence of "rapidly developing sectors" (high-tech, knowledge economy) in the structure of the economy, to determine the necessary development
Table 2. Potential of the innovative and technological system of the Krasnoyarsk Krai for implementation of the technological development strategies
Strategy Production centres Consumption centres R&D centres
World technological competitiveness - medium and small innovative technological enterprises; - subjects of high-tech sector - enterprises in the markets of promising technology (ICT, biotechnology, nanotechnology), producers of innovative products (materials, composites); - foreign companies (export); - population R&D centres (research institutes of RAS, sectoral research institutes, strategic academic units of SibFU); Industrial R&D centres; Industrial and technological interest groups; Technology transfer centres; Financing centres (Regional and National Technological Platforms, National Technological Initiative); Innovative infrastructure centres (design centres, nano technological centres, industrial parks: Zheleznogorsk, Podgornoe, Krasnoyarsk Regional Innovative and Technological Business Incubator, KSAU); Centres of professional competences development (universities of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, Siberian Federal District, Russia)
Local technological competitiveness - industrial enterprises -subjects of national production technological chains; - medium and small innovative technological enterprises; - subjects of high-tech sector - enterprises on existing markets producing new product of the new generation due to introduction of technological innovations, increase in the efficiency of the production
Niche leadership New sectors of the region's economy: high-tech sector; sector of the knowledge economy - large companies - subjects of national programmes of high-tech products production - enterprises in the segments of the innovative economy of the region producing new products based on the new technology platform Industrial R&D centres (corporate engineering and research centres); Technology transfer centres (service and project companies focused on technology import); Financing centres (Regional and National Technological Platforms, National Technological Initiative); Centres of innovative production (Programmes of innovative development of state corporations 2.0); Centres of professional competences development (international research laboratories, universities, business schools, large industry-specific universities of Russian and the region)
Niche leadership Basic sectors of the region's economy: resource and raw materials; infrastructural - FIG of mining industries; - large companies - subjects of national programmes of high-tech products production - state, sectoral consumers of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, RF; - international companies (export): - population
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Локальная технологическая конкурентоспособность
• Технологии добычи и глубокой переработки торфа
• Технология «Термококс», развитие углехимии, коксохимии (Западно-Таймырский угленосный район)
• Альтернативная энергетика: солнечная энергетика на базе монокремния; малые гидростанции
Нишевое лидерство
• Технология переработки бурых углей и производства брикетированных продуктов (Канско-Ачинский бассейн)
• Создание углехимических предприятий по производству жидкого моторного, котельного топлива, искусственного горючего газа (Канско-Ачинскю бассейн)
Ирипрщ 1-1 пни пчнп.1'11 ни Црвтры npoiDBQjrip« Ц.ит] L лотр толщин Центр!
2.1. Солнечная энергетика
Международная технологическая конкурентоспособность
• Разработка новых материалов, способных выдерживать длительные воздействия агрессивных сред и иметь достаточно низкую массу
• Создание полимерных наноком-позитов (материал СВМПЭ для работы в условиях сверхнизких температур Крайнего Севера и Арктики) 9_
Нишевое лидерство
• Технологии получения электрической и тепловой энергии из биомассы (жидкое биотопливо, твердое (пеллеты), биогаз на основе торфа);
• Технологии перехода на биоэнергетические продукты: биотопливные элементы, включая биоэлектрические, бионакопители энергии
• Альтернативная энергетика: ветроэнергетические установки \
Приоритетная технологии | Центры производства
| Центры потреблении
3. Сценарий «Стратегия международной технологической конкурентоспособности»
Центры НИ ОКР
3.4 Новые материалы и нанотех нологии 3.4.1. Разработка новых материалов, способных выдерживать длительные воздействия агрессивных сред (в т.ч, в условиях космоса) и иметь достаточно низкую массу
ОАО ИСС (г. Железногорск) ОАО «Красмаш» Радиозавод
ОАО НПП «Радиосвязь»
ОАО «Прима Телеком»
ОАО КБ «Искра»
ООО «НЦ прикладной
электродинамики»
ОАО «НПО-Развитие
3.4.2. Полимерные нанокомпозигы: использование композиционного материала СВМПЭ при работе в условиях сверхнизких температур Крайнего С евера и Арктики
ОАО ИСС (г. Железногорск) Красноярский завод синтетического каучука Ачинский НПЗ
Космическая отрасль,
изготовление космических аппаратов: ОАО «Газпром космические системы», министерство обороны РФ, Министерство образования и науки РФ, Роскосмос Телекоммуникационная отрасль, в т.ч. Индонезия, Израиль, Казахстан 2016 г. прогноз глобального рынка спутников « 230 млрд.долл,
сегмент наноспутников «» 0,4 % от всего рынка при ежегодных темпах роста 22 %.
ОАО НК «Роснефть», ОАО «Лукойл», ОАО
«Газпромнефть» Рынки конечной продукции из синтетических нитей (спортинвентарь; строительные материалы, конструкции; кабель;
текстильные изделия; трубы) Производство тканых и нетканых материалов
технического назначения 2016 г.; прогноз глобального рынка изделий из СВМПЭ -
ФИЦ:
Институт физики СО РАН им. Л.В.
Киренского
НГИ:
Федеральная космическая программа России
ФЦП «ГЛОНАСС»
ФЦП «Развитие электронной и компонентной базы радиоэлектроники Центры профессиональных
Институт инженерной физики радиоэлектроники СФУ Институт космических
информационных технологий СФУ Институт цветных металлов материаловедения СФУ Политехнический институт СФУ Нанотехн алогически й центр
ФИЦ:
Институт химии и химических технологий СО РАН
Центры превосходства: Инжиниринговый центр со
специализацией в области технологии производства конструкций из ПКМ Промышленные парки (г. Железногорск, г. Дивногорск, п. Подгорный) Центры профессиональных
компетенций: ФГБОУ ВО СибГАУ Политехнический институт СФУ Институт нефти и газа СФУ
2.2. Малые гидростанции
2.3.Технологи* «Термококс» (развитие углехимии. коксохимии на базе коксующихся углей Западно-Таймырского угленосного района)
2.4 Производство
смешанного уран-
плутониевого оксидного топлива или МОКС-
ФГУП ГХК (4D проектирование); ОАО ИСС (компоненты, детали, узлы, инфраструктура); ОАО ЗПК (пластины монокремния, солнеч-ные модули, комплекту кип не фотоэнергосистем, иижини-ринг), ООО «СИЭТ»_
ОАО «СУЭК» (компания -
заказчик)
ООО «Термококс»
ФГУП ФЯО «ГХК»
Рынки радиационных
технологий (стерилизация, неразрушаюший контроль) Рынок фотоэнергетики Рынок электроники
Удаленные и
труднодоступные районы Красноярского края
Горно-металлургические
предприятия края:
ГМК "Норильский никель".
Золотодобывающая
компания "Полюс",
ОАО "Горевский горно-
обогатительный комбинат"
Производство
тепловыделяю-шихся сборок для топливообес-печения АЭС БН-800
Потребители: ГК «Росатом»,
Промыш. генные ШЮКР
Аналитический центр сертификации, аттестации и контроля (ФГУП ГХК); Центры профессиональных
ФГБОУ ВО СибГАУ Политехнический институт СФУ Центр трансфера техно-ю.-ий
Промышленные НПОКР Сибирский энергетический научно-технический центр, ОАО, Красноярска филиал
Центры профессиональных
компетенций:
Политехнический институт СФУ Центр трансфера технологий _
Промышленные НПОКР:
компания - разработчик ООО «Сибтермо» (г. Красноярск)
Центры профессиональных
компетенций:
Политехнический институт СФУ Центр трансфера технологий_
Промышленные НПОКР. Аналитический центр сертификации, аттестации и контроля (ФГУП ГХК); Центры профессиональных
компетенций: ФГБОУ ВО СибГАУ НТИ:
ФЦП «Ядерные энерготехнологии нового поколения»
Центр трансфера технологий_
Приоритетная технология
1. Сценарий нСтратегия нг
>11 Внедрение технологии переработки бурых углей на основе пиролиза (Канско-Ачинский бассейн)
1.2. Создание углехимических предприятий по производству жидкого моторного, котельного топлива, искусственного горючего газа (бурые утлн Канско-
А минского бассейна)
1.3. Альтернативные источники энергии: 1.3.1. Ветроэнергетика
1.4. Технологии перехода на на биоэнергетические продукты:
- технологии получения электрической и тепловой энергии из биомассы (жидкое биотопливо, твердое (пеллеты). биогаз);
- разработка и изготовление оборудования для производства
| Центр ь
производства
ОАО «СУЭК» (компания -заказчик)
ФГУП ГХК
(4D проектирование)
ОАО ИСС (компоненты.
детали. узлы,
ип фрастру кту ра)
ОАО ЗПК (пластины
монокреминя, солнечные
модули, комплектующие
фото энергосистем.
ИНЖИШфИНГ),
ООО «СИЭТ»_
ДОК «Енисей»,
ЗАО «Новоешгсейский
ЛХК»,
ООО «Сибирская
Инновационно-лесная
КОМПЭНИЯ+»
ООО «Краслес» ООО Красноярская
биотех нологическая компания »
Центры потреблен го
| Центры НИОКР
«Красноярская Агломерация — 2020» (замена котельных, выработавших свой срок, решение тепловых проблем новых многоэтажных
микрорайонов); решение тепловых проблем малоэтажных поселков Красноярского края
Удаленные районы
Красноярского края
для предприятий лесопромышленного. агропромышленного комплексов
Промышленные НПОКР-
компания - разработчик ООО
«Сибтермо» (г. Красноярск)
Центры профессиональных
компетенци и:
Политехнический институт СФУ Институт управления бизнес-процессами и экономики СФУ Центр трансфера технологий
Промышленные ШЮКР:
ОАО Сибирский энергетический научно-технический центр. Красноярский филиал
Центры профессиональных
компетенции:
Политехнический институт СФУ Центр трансфера технологий
ФИЦ
Институт леса им. В.Н. Сукачева Институт химии и .химической технологии СО РАН
Центры профессиональных
компетенций:
ФГБОУ ВО Сибирский государственный технологический университет ФГБОУ ВО Красноярский
государственный аграрный университет
Fig. 4. Organizational and structural models of technological development of the fuel and energy complex (resources and raw materials sector of the economy)
References
conditions and growth rates to 2030 and to highlight socio-economic, technological and multiplicative effects.
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Corden, W. (1984). Booming sector and Dutch disease economics: survey and consolidation.
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Innovatsionnyi Krai - 2020. Strategiia razvitiia Krasnoiarskogo kraia na period do 2020 goda [Innovative Territory - 2020. The strategy of development of the Krasnoyarsk Krai up to 2020] (2011). Pravite'stvo Krasnoiarskogo kraia [Krasnoyarsk Krai Government].
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Nazarova, N.E. (2007). Mnogoukladnost' ekonomiki i tekhniko-innovatsionnyi potentsial ekonomicheskogo razvitiia Rossii [Multistructurality of the economy and technology and innovation potential of the economic development of Russia].
Problemy sovremennoi ekonomiki [Challenges of Modern Economy], 3(23), available at: http:// www.m-economy.ru/art.php?nArtId=1472
Regiony nuzhdautsia v "umnoi spetsializatsii" [The regions need "smart specialisation"]. Available at: https://iq.hse.ru/news/177668721.html
Samusenko, S., Bukharova, E. (2015). Industrial Policy: Barriers and Limitations for Innovation Activity Growth of Enterprises in the Conditions of Multi-dimensional Economy of Siberia. In Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences, 8, 83-97
Sergeev, V.M., Alekseenkova, E.S.Stanovlenie gosudarstva i modeli innovatsionnogo razvitiia [Emerging of the state and the model of innovative development]. Available at: www.mgimo.ru/ files/34545/doklad_politolog_1.doc
Sipols, O.V. (2010). Novyi anglo-russkii slovar' spravochnik. Ekonomika [New English-Russian Reference Dictionary. Economics]. Moscow, Flinta, Nauka.
"Smart specialisation" (2015). Strategies of sustainable development. European Economic Commission. Committee on economic cooperation and integration. Geneva, September 3-4.
"Strategies of innovative development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020" (approved by the Decree No. 2227-r of the Russian Federation Government on December 08, 2011).
- 1867 -
Модель управления развитием регионов на основе SMART-технологий: «умная специализация»
И.В. Филимоненко, З.А.Васильева
а Сибирский федеральный университет Россия, 660041, Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 79
Целью исследования является обоснование необходимости смены концептуальных подходов к управлению развитием экономики сырьевых регионов в условиях влияния глобальных вызовов и изменения моделей пространственного развития. Новые тенденции мирового развития снижают эффективность использования традиционных методов и механизмов управления сырьевым регионом, которые базируются на сохранении роли лидирующего ресурсно-сырьевого сектора, доминирующем влиянии крупных индустриально-сырьевых холдингов, ограниченных полномочиях региональной власти в управлении ресурсно-сырьевым потенциалом региона.
В статье на основе соотношения технологических и рыночных параметров исследуются возможности применения моделей мультисекторного развития для противостояния глобальным вызовам за счет формирования новых стремительно развивающихся секторов в экономике сырьевых регионов. С учетом специфики развития сырьевых регионов раскрыта роль быстроразвивающихся секторов в технологическом и инновационном развитии региона. В целях формирования в экономике регионов новых быстроразвивающихся секторов обоснована целесообразность применения подхода к управлению развитием региона на основе концепции «умная специализация» за счет внедрения SMART-технологий в процессы производства и управления как в традиционных отраслях специализации, так и в новых сферах деятельности.
Использование концепции «умная специализация» для управления сырьевым регионом позволило определить сценарии развития экономики, дифференцированные по масштабам технологического лидерства, - «нишевое лидерство», «локальная технологическая конкурентоспособность», «международная технологическая конкурентоспособность». Применение метода стратегического позиционирования в координатах матричного пространства «сектор экономики - источник новых знаний и технологий/профессиональные компетенции» дало возможность сформировать стратегии и сценарии технологического развития сырьевого региона. В качестве параметров стратегического позиционирования использованы «технологии (собственные материнские; заимствованные)»; «профессиональные компетенции (базовые существующей специализации; инновационные)»; «базовые секторы региональной специализации»; «новые стремительно развивающиеся».
Апробация модели управления развитием сырьевых регионов на основе концепции «умная специализация» на примере Красноярского края позволила подтвердить гипотезу о наличии в структуре экономики «стремительно развивающихся секторов» (высокотехнологичный, «экономика знаний»), определить необходимые условия развития и темпы роста до 2030 г., выделить социально-экономические, технологические и мультипликативные эффекты.
Ключевые слова: управление развитием региона, глобальные вызовы, мультисекторная модель, стремительно развивающийся сектор, концепция «умная специализация», сценарии технологического развития.
Научная специальность: 08.00.00 - экономические науки.
