technology (once stapled and shaped), light, bright colors, novelty, finesse and low prices. Metal chakmon furniture consists of skeletons and wood, glass, plastic or marble. This is a simple, lightweight, flexible and modern sign [2]. In short, modern furniture should be made of modern, exquisite, comfortable, environmentally-friendly materials. The selection of them is based on various criteria.
Literatures:
1. Mirziyoev Sh.M. We will build our great future together with our brave and noble people. - T: 2017.
2. Maqsudov YM Carpets are the technology of finishing furniture products. - T .: 1993.
3. http://www.mebeldok.com.
UDC 711:004
Filimonov I.A., 1st year master degree student Department of Economics and Management in Construction Moscow State (National Research) University of Civil Engineering
Russia, Moscow Arkhipov A.V., associate professor, PhD Department of Foreign Languages and International Communication Moscow State (National Research) University of Civil Engineering
Russia, Moscow
SMART CITY
Annotation: The article deals with the topic of constructing new urban area. The purpose of the article is to analyze advantages and disadvantages of this process. It describes the actions of different countries in the field of a smart city concept and includes information of Russian experience in constructing new urban area.
Key words: smart city, new gadgets, urban area, smart systems, urban digitalization, modern services, life environment.
In the 21st century we start to use complex method in order to create something new. It allows specialists to avoid possible mistakes. In our days the speed and the efficiency are significant indicators of work performance. Most of experts think that creation of smart city is rather difficult process. In fact, the essential activity in this field has to combine transport, engineering, ecological, housing and other system implementation.
New technologies give possibility to create smart city. There is a specific chain: smart things - gadgets, intelligent houses, smart cities. The notion of intelligent house originated from other gadgets: cell phones, wireless headphones, computers, notebooks, remote controls, sensors of movement and temperature, energy-saving bulbs, communication satellites and other things. Later, the notion of "Smart City" appeared. At the present time, a large quantity of processes is becoming easier (for example, sending letters, making charges for municipal services, publication of books, driving the car, social mobility, etc.). What is the
main aim of creating high-intelligent infrastructure, such as this "Smart City"? With the help of it, people can solve new problems of today world: traffic jams, local area pollution, urbanization, aging of population. Experts highlight the properties of smart city: high quality of life, new technologies, socialization, virtualization. Consequently, the level of informational circulation will be high. Actually, it refers to controlling objects. People are able to observe the condition of infrastructure in any places and any time. So, who will build the smart cities? Surprisingly, many specialists think that ethnographers and psychologists will do work mostly. The growth of life quality is also connected with urban culture. For example, many developed cities are religious centers, as well. Because of this fact, new technologies shouldn't destroy this sphere of society. The citizens should take part in forming native city. Considering their opinions, it can make the environment easier for common people. Also many experts consider that forming of smart city is necessary for post-industrial society. In pre-industrial period the settlements were built with the aim of protection from enemies. In industrial period, the construction was necessary for developing trade.
Nowadays, high-qualified work is mostly appreciated. Accordingly, the forming of smart sphere benefits to society in great part. The examples of smart cities are Barcelona, Singapore, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Melbourne, New York.
Barcelona, Spain
Smart systems are being created in Spain too. One of such examples is Barcelona. The main aim is to improve the life conditions and, as a result, to get income of additional 3.6 billion dollars. The duration of this project is 10 years.
Copenhagen, Denmark
The Copenhagen authorities begin to realize wide scale project. The aim is construction of smart environment in the capital. This project includes electricity economy, increasing of street safety and reduction of air pollution.
Helsinki , Finland
Helsinki Smart City is the project of forming smart city in Finland . This program was approved by other European cities. The main aim is to improve the access to informational databases and make the use of them attractive and handy. It is mentioned that this aim doesn't concern to other spheres. Many finns already drive the electric cars. The wide use of electric buses and bicycles is planned to be implemented in 2019 - 2020 period.
Singapore
New Singapore smart road system (ERP) allows to solve the problem of traffic. Every car is equipped with special item which has bank card (In-Vehicle Unit). When you drive through the gates, your balance decreases automatically according to tariffs. As a result quantity of cars has reduced at 15 % and medium speed has risen at 20 % in rush hours.
Now, I want to tell about disadvantages of smart cities. Firstly, I suppose that personal information of any citizen will be more transparent. It relates to bank cars, medical data and family information. Because of it, we will be more vulnerable from this side. I think that many people won't like it. On the other hand, the modern users
are eager to show the great part of confidential information in social networks: Facebook, Twitter , Vkontakte, etc. However, they do it voluntary. Secondly, many gadgets, transports and buildings are depending on electricity. It can be proved with the help of one example. A tree branch, falling on wires, can cause electric disconnection of a whole region. Next problem relates to money, investing in project. The expenses will be high.
Nowadays, the employees of different companies are interested in the trend of smart city. For example, McKinsey co-workers conduct research, describing the use of modern services in smart city: car sharing, bike rental, taxi online, online education and online registration. These services give possibility to turn a usual city into a smart one. We can also mention Moscow, as well using of mobile applications allows increasing the quantity of trips by 30 %, declining the arrival time from 30 minutes to 3-4 minutes and reducing the cost of trip by 35 %. Social networks can accelerate the change of a usual city into a smart one. With the help of it, you can inform certain groups of people. Moreover, social networks can influence more effectively than other types of communications, because the users feel more comfortable and their actions have informal character. The ecological aspect of such cities is an important thing, too. Smart city should be clean. This aim can be provided with separate containers, ecological types of transport, and strict ecological penalties in many cities in the world. The ways of civil actions have an influence on social sphere. If the administration of city is able to solve more problems, the level of civil satisfaction is higher. By the way, many companies have already used such services for improving their work. The opinion of the clients should be considered. The specialists also mention the fact that the technologies are items for common aim in this case - the creation of comfortable area. The forming of urban structure will base on communication with the residents.
And what about Russia? The definition of "Smart City" doesn't relate to Moscow only. The "Smart City" program and methodical recommendations of forming appropriate regional programs were considered by governmental work group at the Open 6th All-Russian Forum "View in the digital future" carried out on 25th of October in Sochi. Both of projects were approved and stated by department. The local administration is able to perform better.
The technological decisions used in experimental cities are related to six relevant blocks, such as:
• Creation of "smart" Department of Housing and Utilities;
• Forming of accessible, comfortable, useful and safe environment;
• Creation of innovational urban infrastructure;
• Digitalization of construction;
• Digitalization of territorial planning;
• Urban system development.
The "Smart City" project becomes a common object for cooperation of all interested sides: officials, businessmen and experts. They formed certain plan of urban digitalization, which had been discussed and supported by specialists.
Because of this fact, it is necessary to provide full-scale financing the modernization of cities, basing on Smart cities' principles. The becoming of financial instruments, providing the resource support, plays important role in the construction of this challenging project. Consequently, the efficient work will depend on the volume of tax privileges, subsidies, and grants in the actions of special governmental programs, supporting of initiatives in public private partnerships and using the crowdfunding possibilities. The "Smart City" project was included in governmental program "Digitalization of economy".
In conclusion, I want to tell that urban area has reached new level of development. It can be explained as a solution to the new challenges, as a development of new technologies or as new life environment. The project of forming smart city is difficult. In order to form it, we need to create high-qualified workforce, great sums of money, involved citizens, cohesion public and private activities. So we need to take the complex method for this purpose.
References:
1. Belov V.I., Smirnov I.I. Managing the livelihoods of cities through implementation of the "smart city" concept. Synergy - journal, 2018, no. 24, pp. 439 - 445. (in Russian).
2. Mc Kinsey & Company (2018). Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/ru/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Public%20Sector/Ou r%20Insights/Smart%20city%20solutions%20What%20drives%20citizen%20ado ption%20around%20the%20globe/Smart-city-solutions-What-drives-citizen-adoption-around-the-globe-RU.ashx (accessed - November 5, 2018).
3. Yarosh N.N. Smart City - the city of tolerance. Economic - journal, 2014, no.2(34), pp.76-84. (in Russian).
4. Robosapiens (2018). Available at: https://robo-sapiens.ru/stati/10-samyih-umnyih-gorodov-mira/ (accessed 25 December 2018)