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88SMART CITIES AS A TOURIST DESTINATION FOR SMART
TRAVELERS
Mussina K.P, PhD, associate professor of "Tourism " department, L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Oryngazhiyeva M.R., Student L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Abstract. The concept of Smart City is in full evolution, it is beginning to be understood by the managers of the cities the importance of incorporating new technologies to their territories to adapt to the moment in which we find ourselves.
That is why all the fields that constitute the base of a city, especially the cultural and tourism sector, must evolve their communication techniques, to better reach the user, making use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Currently the use of smart devices is reaching great popularity in both the professional and personal. The trend towards the introduction of the Smart concept to a wide variety of solutions and services is creating a before and after in the evolution and acceptance, by users, of technology. As part of this trend, one of the sectors that is acquiring a great competitive advantage is tourism. Through personal devices such as the Smart Phone and Wearables there are solutions that are revolutionizing the way users (citizens, visitors) interact between the physical and the digital world.
The key words. Smart city, Information and Communication Technologies, Smart Phone, Smart tourism, platform.
The concept of Intelligent City (Smart City) first appeared in 1994 but it was in 2011 that it really began to be echoed thanks to its acceptance and support by the European Union [1]. This term still has a flexibility that includes a wide range of objectives and technologies. Its definition is in a very heterogeneous point due to the complexity that it covers, but apart from that it supposes a social and economic change in the cities that will be settling more and more. The main reasons for the theory of the proliferation of Smart Cities are the growing urbanization processes (more than 50% of the world population already lives in the cities) and especially the Digital Revolution that we are witnessing [2].
When we talk about Smart Cities, the relationship with technology is always present. Researchers such as Malek (2009) speak of them focusing directly on this aspect, defining them as cities whose infrastructure and infrastructures use the latest technologies in telecommunications, electronics or mechanical technology [4]. Moser (2001) also supports this description by pointing out that the intelligent city is born in the nexus between the knowledge society and the digital city, where intangible capital is the most valuable and the main tool to protect, conserve and disseminate it is a digital network that connects it with the city, its inhabitants and visitors [5].
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Figure 1. Evolution of cities through urbanization processes and the Digital
Revolution[3]
When we talk about Smart Cities, the relationship with technology is always present. Researchers such as Malek (2009) speak of them focusing directly on this aspect, defining them as cities whose infrastructure and infrastructures use the latest technologies in telecommunications, electronics or mechanical technology [4]. Moser (2001) also supports this description by pointing out that the intelligent city is born in the nexus between the knowledge society and the digital city, where intangible capital is the most valuable and the main tool to protect, conserve and disseminate it is a digital network that connects it with the city, its inhabitants and visitors [5].
Within the area of technology, large companies such as IB, pioneers in this vision, have developed priority solutions for the development of a smarter world ecosystem "Smarter Word" focused on the digitization of services and the integration of multiple solutions in a single platform. In the same way, other large multinationals in the ICT sector (ATOS, Engineering, Thales, Nokia-Alcatel, etc.), in the world of Telecommunications (Telefónica, Vodafone, Telecom Italia, Orange, etc.) and the telecommunications sector. Urban development (FCC, Ferrovial, OHL, ACS, etc.) have worked with these ecosystems pilots of different sizes since 2001. It is remarkable as from the evolution of the Internet of things, the development of connectivity platforms and the convergence of services the solutions tended toward an open, agile ecosystem with horizontal platforms, offering open interfaces, developed on open international standards. Specifically, the current technological solutions are based on three pillars:
- FIWARE platform: This platform aimed at the Internet of the Future and the Internet of Things, which is financed and promoted by the European Union and led by Telefónica, has been considered a reference in countries such as Chi-
na, the United States, Mexico, Brazil and Africa. It has a large community and many open source resources as well as a large ecosystem of SMEs, feeding the Smart Cities ecosystem with innovation. The FIWARE Foundation has now been developed as a consolidation of the community and the platform and is being deployed and used in large cities in Europe, as well as in Mexico and the United States.
- Interfaces and standards ETSI oneM2M: This standard that was born through a global alliance for the unification of communication interfaces and protocols for the Internet of Things and Smart Cities, comes from the same group that developed the cellular technology (3GPP) that achieved the global unification of mobile technologies. Currently there are several open source versions supported by the Eclipse Foundation and are based on other consolidated standards and technologies such as OMA LwM2M, MQTT, CoAP etc.
- Alliance of open, agile and intelligent cities (Open and Agile Smart Cities - OASC): This alliance has more than 100 cities involved that share the same technological principles: Use FIWARE and oneM2M technologies, promote open data (CKAN) and use of a semantics that facilitates the reuse of the collected data. Its objective is the development of a global Smart Cities market open to both large and small companies.
The cities of the future are evolving towards a new reality. The concept of Smart City is revolutionizing the way cities are configured by analyzing and interconnecting all the indicators in order to improve not only energy efficiency, but also to economize all the resources destined for these cities.
The vast majority of cities that aspire to be efficient and therefore more sustainable are undergoing a profound transformation in this area of innovation, integrating all information systems and sensors in areas such as urban transport, energy consumption, waste collection, recycling, lighting, circulation and digital urban signage, among many others.
In front of Smart Cities, the Internet has created a new user profile hyperconnected to the network that consumes content at any time, on any device and, in addition, through different channels.
The new online user profile can have hundreds of simultaneous conversations open in different channels, apps and tools with people from all over the world, creating new social ecosystems and establishing international relations.
This trend of new type of user that has become a reality radically changes the way of tourism.
The Smart Tourist consults contents of the destination before its displacement, creates relationships, talks, plans, researches and tries to mimic itself by creating an environment of applications and resources that in some way connect with the destination.
This is where there is a direct relationship between the Smart Cities and the Smart Tourist, digitally interconnecting the tourist and the destination, creating the so-called Smart Destinations.
To be competitive, destinations must quickly understand that the new type of tourism is increasingly demanding and highly valued being able to integrate digitally in the before, during and after the visit.
Another challenge is to maximize the experience in the destination so that the Smart Tourist shares their experiences with their own ecosystems of relationships through social networks, which in the end will provide us with great publicity.
If we had to list the main needs of the Smart Tourist would be the following:
• Sensitive information of the city (eg. alerts, state of the beaches, etc.)
• Emergency telephone numbers
• Public wifis map
• Roaming and low cost data bonuses
• Map of hospitals, police, town hall and tourist offices.
• Maps, schedules and information in real time of urban transport (metro, bus, biking, tourist bus, railways,)
• Real-time information about the port, airport and trains
• Webcams
• Data and status of traffic, roads, etc.
• Routes through the city
• Weather information
• Tourist information (hotels, restaurants, museums, attractions, points of interest and leisure in general)
• Local social networks
Although the vast majority of this information is separately accessible independently, it is important to have it centralized through channels that allow the new generation of virtual assistants, such as SIRI or the new Google Now, to relate to the destination.
It is also important that the administration quickly open the information (Open data) of all the sensitive data of the destination so that the websites and applications that are being created on the Internet offer new layers of information a value to their users.
The digital structure that is generated in a Smart City establishes a communication channel valid for all the sectors that shape it, including tourism and culture. For this reason, an Intelligent Tourist Destination was born as a result of Smart Cities and makes use of this digital channel of communication as a means to exchange information easily and quickly between the user, whether visitor or resident, with the different elements of interest, be it cultural heritage, commerce or the hotel trade. Thus, Intelligent Tourism Destination is known as one that incorporates the use of ICTs in the development and production of tourism processes [6], Smart Destination Tourism are those that use the technological tools and techniques available to make the offer and the demand co-create value experiences [7].
The widespread use of these technologies around the world has made ICTs a universal means of communication in developed countries. The importance of
the Smartphone in daily life, both work and personal, has forced leisure sectors such as tourism to have to evolve in the means by which to reach the consumer [8]. The development of tourist destinations towards a Smart version not only opens the doors of information but also of diversity, turning visitors into short-term citizens [9]. Reference
1. Hajduk, S. (2016). The Concept of a Smart City in Urban Management. Business, Management and Education, 14(1), 34-49.
2. Seisdedos, PwC & IE Business School, 2015.
3. Smart cities: The digital transformation of Cities, 2015
4. [Malek, J. A. (2009). Informative global community development index of informative smart city. In Proceedings of the 8th WSEAS International Conference on Education and Educational Technology (Genova, Italy, Oct 17-19).
5. Moser, M. A. (2001). What is smart about the smart communities movement. EJournal, 10, 11(1).
6. Wang, D., Li, X. (. R.)., & Li, Y. (2013). China's "smart tourism destination" initiative: A taste of the service-dominant logic. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2(2), 59-61.
7. Boes, K., Buhalis, D., & Inversini, A. (2015). Conceptualising smart tourism destination dimensions. In Information and communication technologies in tourism 2015 (pp. 391- 403). Springer International Publishing.
8. Kehua Su, Jie Li, Hongbo Fu, Smart city and the applications, 2011
9. Lamsfus, C. y Alzur-Sorzabal, A. (2013): "Theoretical framework for a tourism internet of things: Smart destinations". Jounal of tourism and human mobility, pag. 15-21.
Oryngazhiyeva M.R.
L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University [email protected] (87782468256)
SMART CITIES AS A TOURIST DESTINATION FOR SMART TRAVELERS
Abstract. The concept of Smart City is in full evolution, it is beginning to be understood by the managers of the cities the importance of incorporating new technologies to their territories to adapt to the moment in which we find ourselves.
That is why all the fields that constitute the base of a city, especially the cultural and tourism sector, must evolve their communication techniques, to better reach the user, making use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Currently the use of smart devices is reaching great popularity in both the professional and personal. The trend towards the introduction of the Smart concept to a wide variety of solutions and services is creating a before and after in the evolution and acceptance, by users, of technology. As part of this trend, one of the sectors that is acquiring a great competitive advantage is tourism. Through personal devices such as the Smart Phone and Wearables there are solutions that are revolutionizing the way users (citizens, visitors) interact between the physical and the digital world.
The key words. Smart city, Information and Communication Technologies, Smart Phone, Smart tourism, platform.
