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22SMALL-SCALE QUARRY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Azamat Abdurashidovich Umirzoqov
PhD Scholar of the Department of Mining, Tashkent State Technical University Named
After Islam Karimov
ABSTRACT
Quarry transporti is designed to transport the mining mass (coating rock and minerals) from the kavjoy to the pouring punches, which is a linkage between technological processes. The effectiveness of mining depends on the exact performance of the quarry Trasport.
Keywords: quarry, railway, trasport, mining mass, rock, mining work, small-scale mining,
The process of quarrying is extremely labor intensive, the costs incurred for it are 45-65% of the cost of the product, in some cases 60-65%.
The following special conditions for conducting mining work determine the specific characteristics of the quarry:
- to have a centralized (one-way) direction of transportation of large volumes of cargo over a short distance of time;
- Sur driving of transport communications due to constant changes in the loading of vehicles (kavjoyni) and cargo discharge punches;
- the need for transportation vehicles to a certain height in the direction of Transportation;
- the rigidity, density, toughness of the transported mining mass and the different sizes of the rock fragments in it require a high degree of compressive strength of transport equipment and conductors [1-5].
In the unit of time (hour, shift and. the volume of minerals and coating rocks (tons or
"5
m ) that must be transported) is called quarry load turnover. On the scale of mining, the amount of cargo turnover of the quarry is determined. The main part of the cargo turnover is the transportation of veneer rock and minerals. Transportation of bulk and technical cargo will have a minimum amount [6-12].
A cargo turnover (or part of it), which has a description of a stagnant transport direction by Time, is called a cargo pot.
When forming load pods, it is tried to distribute loads according to their quality (coating sex, minerals and other) and shedding punts. As a result of the development of mining, the turnover of Quarry cargo and its individual directions are changing.
According to the motion printing machine, the vehicles are divided into cycle and continuous working type. The duration of the cycle consists of the sum of the duration
of the loading, the movement with the load (up to the discharge punches), the discharge of the load, the return to the loading punt, and a brief interruption between the above operations [13-19]. In the cycle transpor (railway, automobile transporti) loading, moving with the load, discharging the load and moving without load operations occur one after the other. And in continuous operation (conveyor, shuttle transport) these operations are performed simultaneously, parallel.
For the transportation of mining mass and technical loads in quarries, various types of vehicles are used. Railway, automatic and conveyer are the main ones [20].
The choice of the optimal vehicle for certain conditions is influenced by a number of factors, the main of which are: the physico-technical and chemical properties of the extracted rocks; the sedentary conditions of mining; the climate of the mining zone; the amount of cargo turnover and transportation; the duty and parameters of the loading equipment; the duration of the career, etc.
The effectiveness of the use of various quarrying equipment will depend on their technical and technological parameters, as well as on the conditions of mining and technical laying [21-24].
Annual cargo turnover is large (25 million US dollars). t and more) and transportation masofasi in careers with long (4km and more), the use of railway transport is considered worthwhile. Railway transporti has the following advantages over other types of quarries transporti: low energy consumption, the ability to transport the desired volume of cargo turnover even at any transport distance, the possibility of using an automatic control system, reliable operation in mines of any climatic and mining-technical conditions, the cost of 1t km of cargo transportation in relation to automobile and conveyors can bek.. However, compared to other vehicles, the railway transporti requires a large turn radiusi (100-200m), the digging front to be long (at least 600m) and the height of the rail climb does not exceed 0 to 40-60%. This, in turn, will lead to the fact that the size of the quarry (length and width) will be large, and the volume of mining-capital work will be large [25-28].
Transport the car is mainly smaller than the cargo turnover (15-20 mln.ton/year) is used in careers. And the transportation should not exceed 4-5km.
The load turnover is 50-60mln due to the use of high load bearing capacity (75180 tons and even more) auto bearings.even in careers with tons/year, there is an opportunity to use autotransport. Motor Transport has a number of advantages over railway transport: the lifting height of the highway track is much larger than the rail track (80-100%), and the construction of the track is simple; motor transport is able to quickly adapt and maneuverable to every kanday change; provides the intensity of carrying out mining and capital work [29].
As a result of the increase in the transport distance, a sharp decrease in the efficiency of motor transport, the dependence of the application of Motor Transport on
climatic conditions, the height of the prices of motor vehicles with a large load capacity and the high cost of their exportation are the main disadvantages of Motor Transport [30].
In Quarry, soft and well-grinded (the maximum size of the pieces is up to 400mm) are widely used ribbed conveyors when transporting mining mass. Because the slope of the conveyance is greater (up to 18-250) than other vehicles, as well as the continuity of the transportation processes, the possibility of their full operation and automation ensures that the efficiency of the conveyance is high and the scope of application is wide.
Conveyr transporti cargo turnover is 2 million US dollars.tons/year and transportation masofasi high efficiency is achieved when applied in careers ranging from 4-6k m to 10-15 km. At present, in the production of special canvases designed to transport both solid (rock) mining rocks (the size of pieces is up to 1000 mm). This allows the conveyor transporti to have a higher efficiency and lower the range of application.
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