CC BY
8
© D. Cernusca, R.D. Pentiuc, C. Ungureanu, E. Hopulele, P. Atanasoae УДК 620.9.001.5:51-7
SIMULATION OF A HIGH POWER PHOTOVOLTAIC PARK IN MATLAB-SIMULINK
D. Cernusca, R.D. Pentiuc, C. Ungureanu, E. Hopulele, P. Atanasoae
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, «§tefan cel Mare» University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
cernusca_dumitru@yahoo. com
Abstract: THE PURPOSE. Simulation analysis of a high power photovoltaic park using a Matlab-Simulink simulation program, graphically visualizing the parameters of the photovoltaic panels used in the installation, the parameters of the entire photovoltaic park but also the parameters of the network in which the energy produced by the system is injected. METHODS. The main steps for creating a model similar to a high power photovoltaic park are presented, after which the results of the simulation of the created system are analyzed. THE RESULTS. The characteristics are determined in the Matlab-Simulink simulation program, version R2018a in which the voltage, current and electric power produced by the photovoltaic park are analyzed, as well as the input parameters, concretized in the electric power, voltage and power factor. You can also see the differences between the electric power produced and that injected into the network. CONCLUSION. The results obtained from the modeling and simulation of the 2 MW photovoltaic park were compared with the results of identical simulations performed in other programs and also correspond to the real results of a high power photovoltaic plant. Given that the electricity produced by the photovoltaic park is dependent on irradiance and temperature, it is desirable that it be located in an area as exposed to sunlight, without shading, to maintain the quality and quantity of electricity injected into the network.
Keywords: Matlab-Simulink; power; photovoltaic; electricity production.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ МОЩНОГО ФОТОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО ПАРКА
В MATLAB-SIMULINK
D. Cernusca, R.D. Pentiuc, C. Ungureanu, E. Hopulele, P. Atanasoae
Сучавский университет «Штефан чел Маре», Сучава, Румыния
cernusca_dumitru@yahoo. com
Резюме: ЦЕЛЬ. Анализ моделирования фотоэлектрического парка большой мощности с использованием программы моделирования Matlab-Simulink, графически визуализирующий параметры фотоэлектрических панелей, используемых в установке, параметры всего фотоэлектрического парка, а также параметры сети, в которой энергия, производимая система вводится. МЕТОДЫ. Представлены основные этапы создания модели, аналогичной фотоэлектрическому парку большой мощности, после чего анализируются результаты моделирования созданной системы. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ, ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ. Характеристики определяются в программе моделирования Matlab-Simulink версии R2018a, в которой анализируются напряжение, ток и электрическая мощность, вырабатываемые фотоэлектрическим парком, а также входные параметры, конкретизированные в электроэнергии, напряжении и коэффициенте мощности. Вы также можете увидеть разницу между производимой электроэнергией и той, которая вводится в сеть. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Результаты, полученные в результате моделирования и моделирования фотоэлектрического парка мощностью 2 МВт, были сопоставлены с результатами идентичного моделирования, выполненного в других программах, а также соответствуют реальным результатам фотоэлектрической установки большой мощности. Учитывая, что электричество, производимое фотоэлектрическим парком, зависит от освещенности и температуры, желательно, чтобы он был расположен в зоне, подверженной солнечному свету, без затенения, чтобы поддерживать качество и количество электричества, подаваемого в сеть.
Вестник КГЭУ, 2021, том 13, № 3 (51)
Ключевые слова: Matlab-Simulink; власть; фотоэлектрические; производство электроэнергии.
Introduction
The sun is a very important source of energy, because solar energy is inexhaustible, it is available everywhere on earth, it is a form of non-polluting energy and last but not least, it is "free". The only disadvantages would be the solar radiation at ground level which is variable, depending on the day / night cycle, the seasonal cycle and weather conditions but also the scattered energy which is maximum in the middle of the day and can reach 1000 W / m2 [1-3].
The variability of energy from the sun can be offset by the use of its storage systems to ensure the maintenance and delivery of electricity as required.
The choice of the location of a photovoltaic power plant / park is of particular importance in terms of investment efficiency but also of acceptability for the population in the area. At the same time, the costs of connection to the electricity grid are influenced by several factors such as the position of the site in relation to the place of connection. The characteristics of solar radiation and the graph of temperatures in the area, atmospheric humidity, salinity, soil structure, elements that can shade the electricity generation plant, meteorological phenomena and much more must be taken into account [4-9].
Millions of engineers and scientists around the world use Matlab to analyze and design the systems and products that transform our world. Matlab language based on matrices is the most natural way in the world to express computational mathematics. Built-in graphics make it easy to view and retrieve information from data. The desktop environment invites experimentation, exploration and discovery. These Matlab tools and capabilities are all rigorously tested and designed to work together [10-16].
Simulink offers the possibility to perform simulations of dynamic and embedded systems using mathematical models. Simulink is a block diagram environment for multidomain simulation and model-based design. Supports system-level design, simulation, automatic code generation and continuous testing and verification of embedded systems. Simulink offers a graphical editor, customizable block libraries, and solutions for modeling and simulating dynamic systems. It is integrated with Matlab, which allows the incorporation of MATLAB algorithms into models and the exhortation of simulation results to MATLAB for further analysis [17, 18].
Materials and methods
For the realization of the functional simulation model of the photovoltaic park with the installed capacity of 2 MW, predefined simulation blocks were used, which can be found in the Simulink Library Browser, in the Simulink and Simscape section. The model made in Simulink is represented in the Figure 1, being the functional variant.
The first steps to achieve the functional model was to establish the simulation block in Simulink for the photovoltaic park, the type of photovoltaic panel and how to arrange them in series and in parallel in order to develop the installed capacity of 2 MW.
The block used in Simulink is a matrix built of rows of PV modules connected in parallel and series. Irradiance and temperature are the input values set by the user, and at the output there are the connection terminals of the entire system and an output for the graphical visualization of the parameters.
The photovoltaic panel used in the SunPower SPR-305E-WHT-D simulation was considered, with a maximum power of 305 W and a peak voltage of 54.7 V [19].
The connection mode of the modules, to obtain the established installed power, is 200 strings connected in parallel and 31 modules connected in series.
For a correct operation of the simulated photovoltaic park it is necessary to establish values for irradiance and temperature. The irradiance and temperature curves were taken from an online simulation program, called PVGIS, for the Suceava area, for a summer day.
The transformer used in the simulation is found in the Simulink Library Browser menu under the name Tree-Phase Transformer which implements a three-phase transformer using three three-phase transformers. It is parameterized as needed, in the simulation being a transformer of 1000 kVA, 400V/20kV.
Because the system is on-grid, the 20 kV medium voltage network in which its parameters were introduced was also modeled. The network can be modeled using the Three-Phase Source block found in the same menu in the Simulink program.
Fig. 1. The model of the 2MW photovoltaic park Рис. 1. Модель фотоэлектрического парка
мощностью 2 МВт.
Results and discussions
The simulation of the system involves the production of electricity by photovoltaic panels with an installed capacity of 2 MW for a period of time and the distribution of energy in the medium voltage network. The set time was 12 hours, from 07:00 to 19:00, for a summer day.
The irradiance and ambient temperature curves were established for that day (taken from PVGIS), the maximum irradiance being 931 W/m2 at 13:00 and the maximum temperature of 33 deg C.
Following the simulation, the parameters of the photovoltaic park, the power produced by it, the voltage at the input to the inverter, the voltage at the output of the inverter, the power injected into the network and the power factor were analyzed and represented graphically.
The characteristics in Figure 2 and Figure 3 represent the output sizes of the photovoltaic panels. It is observed the electric current generated by the photovoltaic park is dependent on the solar irradiance, represented in Figure 4, 5.
Fig. 3. The electric current generated by the Рис. 3. Электрический ток, вырабатываемый photovoltaic park фотоэлектрическим парком
Analyzing the electric power generated by the photovoltaic park (Fig. 6,7) it is observed that it is approximately equal to the electric power injected in the network (Fig. 8), the difference between the two being represented in Figure 9. Given that the irradiance is weak in that day, the maximum value being 931 W / m2, a maximum value of the electric power injected in the network of about 820 kW is observed, at the ambient temperature of 33 oC, and the difference between the electric powers is about 25 kW.
Fig. 6. Electric power generated by the Рис. 6. Электроэнергия, вырабатываемая photovoltaic park фотоэлектрическим парком.
There are small deviations at the beginning of the characteristics that are due to some measurement blocks and some variables in the program.
Fig. 7. Electrical voltage at the input to the inverter Рис. 7. Электрическое напряжение на входе в
инвертор
Fig. 8. Electric power injected into the network Рис. 8. Электроэнергия, вводимая в сеть
Fig. 9. The difference between the power produced Рис. 9. Разница между мощностью, by PV and that injected into the network производимой фотоэлектрическими батареями,
и мощностью, подаваемой в сеть.
Fig. 10. Electrical voltage at the outlet of the Рис. 10. Электрическое напряжение на выходе inverter инвертора
The power factor, illustrated in Figure 11, is strongly dependent on irradiance. At low irradiance values, it tends to be unstable and have average values of about 0.5. As it increases, the power factor stabilizes and tends to the ideal value as seen graphically.
Fig. 11. The power factor of the simulated system Рис. 11. Коэффициент мощности моделируемой
системы
The power factor was measured after the transformer, at the mains voltage, using the measuring block B1.
Conclusions
The integration of photovoltaic power plants into power systems must be subject to the same rules as traditional power plants. They must not disturb the normal operation of the power system and contribute to the rapid return to steady state after system defects have occurred.
Dispatchable photovoltaic power plants must fully comply with the requirements of the Technical Code of the electric transmission network / Technical Code of the electrical distribution networks and of this regulation. They must be able to produce for an unlimited duration, at the connection point, simultaneously the maximum active and reactive power corresponding to the weather conditions, according to the equivalent PQ diagram, in the frequency band 49,5 - 50,5 Hz and in the permissible band tension.
Regarding the photovoltaic park with an installed capacity of 2 MW, simulated in the paper, it can be considered as a non-dispersible photovoltaic plant in which the minimum requirements are those valid for wind farms.
The simulation was performed over a period of 12 hours for a cloudy summer day, which can be viewed from the irradiance graph (Figure 4.) for the time interval 7 o'clock in the morning and 7 o'clock in the evening.
The results obtained from the modeling and simulation of the 2 MW photovoltaic park were compared with the results of identical simulations performed in other programs and also correspond to the real results of a high power photovoltaic plant.
A similar situation was achieved in the PV-Syst simulation program for the same installed power in which it was possible to observe and take over the number and arrangement of modules both in series and in parallel for a panel with a power of about 300 W and the type of inverter used. The simulation showed that it is possible to use a single 2000 kW inverter.
The panels modeled in Simulink are blocks that represent matrices built from rows of PV modules connected in series and in parallel. Given that the electricity produced by the photovoltaic park is dependent on irradiance and temperature, it is desirable that it be located in an area as exposed to sunlight, without shading, to maintain the quality and quantity of electricity injected into the network.
The simulation took into account a type of panel that is on the market and can be purchased by anyone, the model being SunPower SPR-305E-WHT-D with a maximum power of 305 W.
From the graphical representations resulting from the simulation, it is observed the maximum power produced by the panels at the irradiance of 931 W / m2 is 820 kW.
The performance factor in the case of the photovoltaic system with an installed capacity of 2 MW, simulated in the paper is 0.42 given that the solar irradiance reaches values of 930 W / m2. In order to obtain a better performance factor, it is necessary to choose an inverter / inverters with high efficiency, to choose photovoltaic panels with tolerances between 2-3%, to optimize the distances between the rows of photovoltaic panels, etc.
References
1. Cernusca, D.; Pentiuc, R.D.; Hopulele, E.; Milici, L. Distributed Generation Modeling in Matlab-Simulink. In: 12th International Conference And Exhibition on Electromechanical and Energy Systems (SIELMEN), Chisinau, R. Moldova, 10 -11 october 2019.
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BecmnuK KI3Y, 2021, mou 13, № 3 (51)
Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India.
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6. Tai, L.; Herve, C.; Franck, Al. S.; Improved Matlab Simulink Two-diode Model of PV Module and Method of Fast Large-Scale PV System Simulation. 7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Application, Paris, FRANCE, 2018.
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9. Edmond Maican, Sisteme de Energii Regenerabile, Editura Printech, Bucuresti, 2015.
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11. Atänäsoae P., Pentiuc R., Choosing the Energy Sources Needed for Utilities in the Design and Refurbishment of Buildings. 2018, 8, 54; D0I:10.3390/buildings8040054.
12. Atänäsoae P., Pentiuc R.D., Milici D.L., Olariu E.D., Poienar M., The Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Electricity Production from Small Scale Renewable Energy Sources in the Conditions of Romania. Procedia Manufacturing 32 (2019), 385-389, D0I:10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.230.
13. Popa, C.; Pentiuc, R.; Vlad, V.; Miron, A. Optimisation of operating mechanism and drive system for medium voltage circuit breakers, In: 2016 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE), 20-22 Oct. 2016, Iasi, România, DOI: 10.1109/ICEPE.2016.7781322.
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15. Neagu, B. C.; Grigoras, G.; Scarlatache, F. Effects of outliers on calculation of load profile factors, In: 2017 International Conference on Modern Power Systems (MPS), 6-9 June 2017, Cluj Napoca, Romania, DOI: 10.1109/MPS.2017.7974378.
16. Grigoras, G.; Neagu, B. C.; Scarlatache, F. Smart metering based approach for phase balancing in low voltage distribution systems, In: 2017 10th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE), 23-25 March 2017, Bucuresti, Romania, DOI: 10.1109/ATEE.2017.7905027.
17. Levy. P., Simulating Power Systems Using MATLAB and SIMULINK. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, USA, 2016.
18. https://www.mathworks.com/products/simulink.html 20 Octomber, 2021.
19. http://www.posharp.com/spr-305e-wht-d-solar-panel-from-sunpower_p1621616600d.aspx 25 Octomber, 2021.
Authors of the publication
Cernusca Dumitru - Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, «Çtefan cel Mare» University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Email: cernusca_dumitru@yahoo.com
Pentiuc Radu Dumitru - Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, «Çtefan cel Mare» University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Email: radu.pentiuc@usm.ro
Ungureanu Constantin - Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, «Çtefan cel Mare» University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Email: costel@usm.ro
Hopulele Eeugen - Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, «Çtefan cel Mare» University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Email: eugen.hopulele@usm.ro
Pavel Atanasoae - Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, «Çtefan cel Mare» University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Email: pavel.atanasoae@usm.ro
Литература
1. Cernuscä D., Pentiuc R.D., Hopulele E., et al. Distributed Generation Modeling in Matlab-Simulink. In: 12th International Conference And Exhibition on Electromechanical and Energy Systems (SIELMEN), Chisinäu, R. Moldova, 10 -11 october 2019.
2. Cenusa M., Poienar M., Milici L.D., Solution to improve the quality of electricity in low voltage networks. In: 12th International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE 2018) /18-19 Octombrie 2018.
3. https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/pvgis/September, 2021.
4. Mukesh, K. Mohit, K, Bhavnesh, K.; Development of MATLAB/Simulink based model of PV System with MPPT. Division of Instrumentation & Control Engineering. Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India.
5. Oladimeji I., Nor, ZY. Matlab/Simulink Model of Solar PV Array with Perturb and Observe MPPT for Maximising PV Array Efficiency. Bander Seri Iskander, Perak 32610, Malaysia.
6. Tai L., Herve., C. Franck., Al. S. Improved Matlab Simulink Two-diode Model of PV Module and Method of Fast Large-Scale PV System Simulation. 7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Application, Paris, FRANCE, 2018.
7.http://www.posharp.com/spr-305e-wht-d-solar-panel-from-sunpower_p1621616600d.aspx/15 Octomber, 2021.
8. https://cdn.enfsolar.com/Product/pdf/Inverter/5cee359ae92f3.pdf/ 20 Octomber, 2021.
9. Edmond Maican, Sisteme de Energii Regenerabile, Editura Printech, Bucuresti, 2015.
10. Ronny Gelleschus, Michael Böttiger and Thilo Bocklisch. Optimization-Based Control Concept with Feed-inand Demand Peak Shaving for a PV Battery Heat Pump Heat Storage System, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 9, 01062 Dresden, Germany 2019.
11. Atänäsoae P., Pentiuc R., Choosing the Energy Sources Needed for Utilities in the Design and Refurbishment of Buildings. 2018, 8, 54; doi:10.3390/buildings8040054.
12. Atänäsoae P., Pentiuc R.D., Milici D.L., et al. The Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Electricity Production from Small Scale Renewable Energy Sources in the Conditions of Romania. Procedia Manufacturing 32 (2019), 385-389, doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.230.
13. Popa C., Pentiuc R., Vlad V., Miron A. Optimisation of operating mechanism and drive system for medium voltage circuit breakers, In: 2016 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE), 20-22 Oct. 2016, Iasi, România, doi: 10.1109/ICEPE.2016.7781322.
14. Cenusä M., Poienar M., Cernuscä D. Solution for Reducing Technological Consumption in Low Voltage Distribution Network, In: 2019 8th International Conference on Modern Power Systems (MPS), 21-23 May 2019, Cluj Napoca, Romania, doi: 10.1109/MPS.2019.8759687.
15. Neagu BC, Grigoras G, Scarlatache F. Effects of outliers on calculation of load profile factors, In: 2017 International Conference on Modern Power Systems (MPS), 6-9 June 2017, Cluj Napoca, Romania, doi: 10.1109/MPS.2017.7974378.
16. Grigoras G., Neagu BC., Scarlatache F. Smart metering based approach for phase balancing in low voltage distribution systems, In: 2017 10th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE), 23-25 March 2017, Bucuresti, Romania, doi: 10.1109/ATEE.2017.7905027.
17. Levy. P. Simulating Power Systems Using MATLAB and SIMULINK. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, USA, 2016.
18. https://www.mathworks.com/products/simulink.html/ 20 Octomber, 2021.
19.http://www.posharp.com/spr-305e-wht-d-solar-panel-from-sunpower_p1621616600d.aspx/ 25 Octomber, 2021.
Авторы публикации
Cernusca Dumitru - Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, «Çtefan cel Mare» University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Email: cernusca_dumitru@yahoo.com
Pentiuc Radu Dumitru - Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, «Çtefan cel Mare» University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Email: radu.pentiuc@usm.ro
Ungureanu Constantin - Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, «Çtefan cel Mare» University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Email: costel@usm.ro
Hopulele Eeugen - Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, «Çtefan cel Mare» University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Email: eugen.hopulele@usm.ro
Вестник КГЭУ, 2021, том 13, № 3 (51)
Pavel Atanasoae - Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, «§tefan cel Mare» University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Email: pavel.atanasoae@usm.ro
Получено 08.10.2021г
Отредактировано 22.10.2021г.
Принято 22.10.2021г.
