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43SIMPLE STRUCTURE OF THE TRANSPLANTER
Khodzhimurod Abdurashit Jahongirov
Bahronovich Shodiev Samarkand Veterinary
Samarkand Veterinary Medical Institute Medical Institute
Sherzodkhuja Shoxruxovich Mirzakhodjaev
Tashkent State Agrarian University
ABATRACT
This article proposes to preserve the quality and reduce the damage of planting materials with a simple design that meets agro technical requirements, the design of a transplanter with a planting device that allows, stabilization of seedlings at the time of planting in the furrow. Which is designed for planting seedlings of various vegetable and industrial crops.
Keywords and phrases: Vegetables; transplanted; development; landing gear; cam mechanism; seedling holding device; coulter; manual labor; performance; landing quality.
Today, the demand of the population of Uzbekistan for vegetable products and the volume of exports, both fresh and processed, is growing every day. The number of processing enterprises is increasing. The sown areas for planting vegetables such as tomatoes, various peppers, cabbage, lettuce, celery, and strawberries are increasing every year. It is known that, in the seedling method of cultivation of these types of vegetables, the quality and timeliness of planting works play an important role in the magnitude and dynamics of the crop. Moreover, one of the most time-consuming operation in the technology of growing vegetables is planting seedlings in open ground. However, in our Republic, the low quality of planting work, which is currently carried out mainly by hand, leads to a decrease in the growth trend in the agricultural sector of the above agricultural products. In this regard, this direction requires the introduction of modern specialized transplanting equipment, as well as the introduction of effective technologies in terms of increasing productivity and reducing the cost of producing a unit of production.
Currently existing translators are classified according to the type of planter:
♦ vertical - provides a very gentle planting, as the cup with seedlings smoothly lowers on a chain drive to the very surface of the soil and only then opens;
♦ turret - characterized by high performance and design complexity;
♦ disk with clamps - provides planting seedlings with bare roots to the very surface of the soil and only then opens.
Of which, in Uzbekistan, the last transplanted classified according to the type of transplanter was used in production beginning in the 70s. last century and have not found wide application.
The disadvantages of disk-type planting devices with clamps of these machines were noted in the high damage to leaves, stems and roots of seedlings, as well as the violation of the synchronism of the linear speeds of the planting disk and the machine and the limited operating time of the operator when planting with a seedling step frequency of less than 25-35 cm and related with this, seedling skips. In this regard, there was a decrease in the productivity of the transplanting unit and the quality of planting seedlings.
In general, the operation of planters of the last type classified according to the type of planter in our region, given the climatic conditions and the above disadvantages, has become unprofitable. Therefore, today the lack of machines for planting seedlings leads to the fact that huge areas allocated for vegetable crops have to be planted manually, spending additional funds, attracting even more workers, and most importantly, wasting time. As a result, all farms are considering contracts for the placement of vegetable crops ranging from 1.0-2.5 ha.
These circumstances have become the basis for the design and creation of a machine that is simple in design, light, affordable, meeting agro technical requirements, equipped with a machine equipped with a device that allows seedlings to stabilize at the time of planting in the furrow to maintain the quality and completeness of planting.
The developed device of the planting device of the transplanted contains a cam 1, with a pusher 2 and its spring 3 and in a guide post 4, with a funnel 5 rigidly attached to it and a seedling-retaining device 6 with a moving belt 7, as well as a pattern 8 rigidly fixed along the coulter wings 9, as well as a sealing roller 10, a roller pusher 11, a pusher spring 12 (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1 a), b), c), schematically shows the planting device in general form, respectively, at the moment the seedlings are fed into the furrow (a), at the moment the supply is stopped (b), and at the moment the rear cutout is opened to release the seedlings from the belt (c).
The device works as follows. The seedlings to be planted by the operator's hands are individually released into the funnel 5 and the seedlings freely fall with their roots down under the influence of gravity into the seedling holding device 6 (Fig. 1 b). In turn, the cam 1, rotating counterclockwise, moves the pusher 2, which rests on the rollers, at the speed of the machine, compressing the spring 3 fixed in the stops 12. Thus, the translational movement of the unit with the opposite movement of the pusher 2 seedling-holding device is compensated, thereby a short-term state of rest occurs. 6 (Fig. 1b). When the unit is moved forward, the seedling retaining device 6 with seedlings located between the wings of the coulter 9 is transferred to the furrow opened
by the coulter and the root part of the planted seedlings is closed by shedding the soil from the wall of the furrows and is then rolled on both sides by the rollers 10. At this moment, the belt 7 completely opens the rear the cut-out part of the seedling holding device 6, rising along the trajectory of the pattern 8, upwards (Fig. 1 c). Then, in the direction of movement of the unit, the pusher 2, under the influence of the spring 3, leaves the top of the cam 1 and moves instantly closer to its center.At this time, the seedling holding device 6 will move sharply to the front, at the same time the belt 7 will fall down. The groove is finally closed by rollers 10, which compact the soil around the planted seedlings (Fig.1 a, b, c). Then the process is repeated. The seating frequency is controlled by the parameters of cam 1 and its rotational speed.
Fig 1. Schematic diagram and operation of the transplanter.
This design allows you to increase the productivity of the device by changing the mechanism for laying seedlings and stabilizing at the time of planting in the furrow. Uzbekistan www.scientificprogress.uz Page 253
Stabilization of seedlings occurs over a relatively longer period of time, and damage to seedlings is excluded due to free retention. The quality of landing is achieved by maintaining the embedded depth and completeness of landing with its frequency.
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