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ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
ПОДОБНЫЕ УСЛОВИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СЛОВ
В УЗБЕКСКОМ И АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
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Сеит-Асан Ф.Э. , Хакимов Х.И. Email: Seit-Asan1162@scientifictext.ru
1Сеит-Асан Фериде Эрнестовна - студент, факультет английской филологии; 2Хакимов Хамидулло Иномович - доцент, преподаватель,
кафедра теории английского языка, Узбекский государственный университет мировых языков, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в статье проанализирована одна из тем лингвистики - конструирование слов, обозначающих сходства узбекского и английского языков. В связи с тем, что английский язык широко используется в Узбекистане, как и в различных других странах, было бы существенно проанализировать вышеизложенное и обнаружить различия и дублирующие грани в их грамматике. Что в первую очередь выделяется в этой статье, так это выяснение сходства построения слов между собой. Данная статья будет полезна обучающимся, так как после ознакомления с ней, будут гораздо легче и понятнее восприниматься языки.
Ключевые слова: аффиксы, словообразование, префикс, суффикс.
SIMILARITIES IN TERMS OF WORDS FORMATION IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES Seit-Asan F.E.1, Khakimov Kh.I.2
1Seit-Asan Feride Ernestovna - Student, ENGLISH PHILOLOGY FACULTY; 2Khakimov Khamidullo Inomovich - Scientific supervisor, Associate Professor, DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE THEORY, UZBEK STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article analyzes one of the topics of linguistics-the construction of words denoting the similarities of the Uzbek and English languages. Due to the fact that English is widely used in Uzbekistan, as in various other countries, it would be essential to analyze the above and find differences and overlapping facets in their grammar. What first stands out in this article is the clarification of the similarity of the construction of words among themselves. This article will be useful for students, as after reading it, it will be much easier and clearer to perceive languages. Keywords: affixes, word-formation, prefix, suffix.
УДК 80
Mostly in English language word are constructed in two ways. One of them is called productive which is still used in languages and it involves the following types:
1) Affixes
2) Conversion
3) Abbreviation
4) Composition
Affixation consists of two parts:
1) prefix;
2) suffix.
Prefix joins front part of word. In English prefixes are peculiar to verbs. Prefixes which linking with independent part of speech, connect to base, for example: - un (unhappy, unnecessary, unvigilant). The prefix used in objective part of speech becomes half linked, since they can be utilized independently: over (overprotective). The principal ambition of prefixes is to alter lexical meanings of words. They are classified on the authority of numerous measurements. Suffixes' focus in English language is originating imaginative content by adding end of words.
There several types of suffixes exist according to in which part of speech it makes word, history and productivity. Progress of affixation is plenteous method and from previous till now it has been serving to construct original contends. In the way this progress did not lose its productivity by adding any suffix or prefix to any word.
Conversion is counted to be identity of constructing words in English. Furthermore, it is also called word-making with- out suffixes. Scientists had various thought about conversion. For instance, professor A.I. Smirntitsky deemed conversion as it was morphological way of word formation. In this condition, a word of any part of speech passes to another part of speech replacing its paradigm. For instance, «a dial» noun conveys «to dial» verb exchanging its own paradigm. Conversion may be morphological-syntactic way as well. Cause in this process we do not only change paradigm of word but also alter its syntactic task too. [1] Example: Need for paper is ubiquitous (in the sentence the noun paper's function is subject). We paper the cracks every month. (here paper is predicate) Verbs are made by various semantic groups' nouns, thus, they own different meanings. When it is produced by noun which expresses part of body, the verb notifies instrument: to eye, to finger etc. If it is made by nouns that express equipment, instruments and weapons the verb has instrument meaning: to hammer, to nail.
Verbs indicate actions of alive creatures which the noun indicates that the verbs are made by: to mass, to wolf, to ape. As made by noun pointing subject, it gives meanings of personalization, making contribution or devoicing: to fish, to dust, to peel, to paper. If the noun that verb is made, express place, then the verb also indicate place: to park, to pocket [2].
Conversion, if say counting mentioned above, is peculiar word-building style and for those sides it plays important role in this productive procedure. Abbreviation. It is shortage of words and group of words. The reason of this reduction has linguistic and extra linguistic hue. In extra linguistic, it can be understood in changing of people's life and those alterations come across numerous abbreviations. In modern English language there are several new abbreviation forms and this procedure of life is developing rapidly. It points that we should accept information as much as possible.
Two main types of abbreviations: they are distinguished in graphic and lexis sides. From graphic way they are utilized in text in order to own less place in text.
They are divided several semantic groups. For example: days of weeks, -Mon, names of month-Apr, names of countries-UK. In lexical way, they are made by reducing one part of words and from lexical point. Example: disco (discotheque), expo (exposition), intro(introduction).
Usually, the method of abbreviating the head letters of word can be in both graphic and lexical. For example: J.V-joint venture-graphic, BBC-can be example of lexical method. Composite words. With the advent of composite words as many syllabled words in EL they come across phonetic changings.
Composite words may shape with formulas related to obvious period, but as time goes the formulas lose their power. Example, verb +adverb formula had been very productive and many words were shaped from it: outgrow, overturn but nowadays this structure is not considered productive and word making in this way has been stopped.
Composite words may be corollary adding of free word combinations or process of slowly semantic isolation. For example: scarecrow-made due to afraid of birds, pickpocket - pocket cutting, brides-maid - girlfriend of bride. Actually those words were free word combinations and then were isolated from structural way. Those words lost meanings previously they had as a result of relation of which part of speech they were isolated of total phrase, specialization of its meaning and shaped as inseparable word combinations.
In EL words were constructed in other ways too, but subsequently they lost this peculiarity: Sound changing: strike-stroke, sing- song. Stress changing: accent- to accent. Similarity to sound: to whisper, to giggle. Unity: cinemadict (cinema addict), magolog (magazine catalog).
Again erection (word building by postpone the last base of word): speak made by speaker, to collocate made by collocation, to compute made by computer, televise by television. In conclusion, method of word forming is the main dictionary substance of any language. Every language has its own peculiarity in word forming, including English and Uzbek languages.
References / Список литературы
1. Smirnitsky. "Publishing house of literature in foreign languages. M., 1956. Page 309.
2. Yartseva V.N. The development of national literary English / V.N. Yartseva; 2nd ed. Rev. M.: URSS editorial, 2004. 288 p.
3. Modern Uzbek Literary Language, 2015. A. Nurmonov, A. Sobirov, N. Qosimov, second edition, second book. Pages 398 and 399.
4. Hotamova Iroda Ibragimovna. Cognitive peculiarities of joint words in English and Uzbek in fiction. Tashkent, 2017.
