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12Новости систематики высших растений 2017
Novitates Systematicae Píantarum Vascuíarium 48: 126-130 Î I ISSN 0568-5443
"Senecio ucranicus" Besser (1822) versus Senecio ucranicus Hodálová (1999) and Jacobaea borysthenica (Asteraceae): a nomenclatural clarification
"Senecio ucranicus" Besser (1822) versus Senecio ucranicus Hodálová (1999) и Jacobaea borysthenica (Asteraceae): номенклатурное уточнение
S. L. Mosyakin
M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Department of Systematics and Floristics of Vascular Plants Tereshchenkivska Str., 2, Kyiv (Kiev), 01601, Ukraine s_mosyakin@hotmail.com
С. Л. Мосякин
Институт ботаники им. Н. Г. Холодного НАН Украины Отдел систематики и флористики сосудистых растений ул. Терещенковская, 2, Киев, 01601, Украина s_mosyakin@hotmail.com
Abstract. It is demonstrated that the name "Senecio ucranicus" has never been validated by Besser (1822) because he did not accept that name; moreover, this binomial is non-existing because the word "ucranicus" was not intended as a species epithet. The unnamed species № 1082 discussed and compared to some other taxa by Besser in his "Enumeratio..." is identifiable as the currently recognized species Jacobaea borysthenica (Senecio borysthenicus). Consequently, the name S. ucranicus Hodalova (1999) proposed for a Carpathian species of Senecio s. str. is legitimate, and the name S. hercynicus Herborg subsp. ucranicus should be considered a nomenclatural combination with the authorship "(Hodalova) Greuter". Synonymy of Jacobaea grandi-dentata is briefly discussed and updated.
Keywords: "Senecio ucranicus", Senecio ucranicus, Jacobaea borysthenica, Asteraceae, nomenclature.
Аннотация. Показано, что название "Senecio ucranicus" Besser не было действительно обнародовано, поскольку В. Г. Бес-сер (Besser, 1822) не принял это название; более того, слово "ucranicus" не предназначалось автором в качестве видового эпитета. Вид без принятого названия, приведенный Бессером в "Enumeratio." под номером 1082, с обсуждением и сравнением с некоторыми другими таксонами, сейчас известен под принятым позднее названием Jacobaea borysthenica (Senecio borysthenicus). Таким образом, название S. ucranicus Hodalova (1999), предложенное для карпатского вида Senecio s. str., является законным, а название S. hercynicus Herborg subsp. ucranicus должно рассматриваться как номенклатурная комбинация с авторством "(Hodalova) Greuter". Кратко обсуждена и уточнена синонимика Jacobaea grandidentata.
Ключевые слова: "Senecio ucranicus", Senecio ucranicus, Jacobaea borysthenica, Asteraceae, номенклатура.
Introduction
In the course of ongoing nomenclatural and taxo-nomic studies of various East European taxa, including species of Senecio L. and Jacobaea Mill. (Asteraceae), especially those occurring in southern and western Ukraine, several nomenclatural problems were addressed (Mosyakin, Yena, 2017, and manuscripts in preparation). In particular, when preparing an article (in progress) on nomenclature (including lectotypifi-cation) and taxonomy of Jacobaea borysthenica (DC.) B. Nord. et Greuter, I considered also a relevant issue of the nomenclatural status of the name S. ucranicus, which is briefly reported below.
Results and discussion
A species of Senecio L. sensu stricto was described from Ukraine in 1999 as S. ucranicus Hodalova (1999:
Поступила в редакцию | Submitted: 22.11.2017
334). However, in IPNI (2017-onward; accessed 31 August and 21 November 2017) this name was listed as "nom. illeg. later homonym non Besser (1822)", and the homotypic name S. hercynicus Herborg subsp. ucranicus Greuter (2003: 247; originally published as a new combination based on S. ucranicus Hodalova) was cited as a replacement name for the supposedly illegitimate name S. ucranicus Hodalova. However, the supposedly valid name "Senecio ucranicus" Besser is not in current use; moreover, if it is indeed valid, it might be the earliest available species-rank name for the taxon currently accepted as Jacobaea borysthenica (DC.) B. Nord. et Greuter (= Senecio borysthenicus (DC.) Andrz. ex Czern.).
Already in 1822, long before the epithet "borysthenicus" has been validated in Senecio [as S. praealtus Ber-tol. var. borysthenicus DC. (Candolle, 1838: 351), now accepted as Jacobaea borysthenica], W. G. Besser (1822:
Принята к публикации | Accepted: 28.11.2017
33) in his "Enumeration" discussed a taxonomically problematic species from Ukraine, which he considered to be related to S. jacobaea L. (now Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.), and compared that species to some other similar taxa, such as S. arenarius M. Bieb. (non Thunb. 1800), S. tenuifolius Jacq. 1775 (non Burm. f. 1768), and S. erucifolius L. It should be noted also that one specimen (G!, G00471754, a syntype of S. praealtus var. bo-rysthenicus; lectotype to be designated in a special article, in progress) provided by Besser to A. P. de Candolle was annotated (also by Besser) as "Senecio tenuifolius?".
Besser (1822: 33) listed under his number 1082 the following names:
(arenarius. MB. In lit.
(tenuifolius. Ucranicus. Cat. h. Cremen. 1816. p. 129.
The following discussion was provided (Besser, 1822: 33): "Species haec mihi nondum clara. Possideo specimen siccum inscriptum "Folia subcarnosa, sicut tota planta incana. Affinis S. erucaefolio" ab ipso Aucto-re. Specimina nostri Senecionis ucranici cum illo communicate declarat pro S. arenario, ast nostri folia nec subcarnosa, nec similia specimini prius memorato ex Rossiae minoris arena mobile; neque similis S. erucae-folia ab Ill. Steven mecum communicato. Nostrum non esse. S. tenuifolium austriacum patet ex calyce (Confer. Cat. H. Crem. l. c.) Foliorum forma variabilis uti affini-um".
It is evident from that discussion that Besser considered this taxon № 1082 as an insufficiently known species that was earlier referred to as S. arenarius (at that time it was an unpublished provisional name proposed by F. A. Marschall von Bieberstein) and as S. tenuifolius sensu Besser (1816), non Jacquin sensu stricto, but different from both those entities. Thus, by the word "Ucranicus" following the epithet "tenuifolius" Besser simply indicated that the name S. tenuifolius was (mis)applied by him in 1816 (Besser, 1816: 129) to Ukrainian plants. In modern terms, it is equivalent to the following citation: "S. tenuifolius sensu Besser (1816), quoad pl. ucr., non Jacquin (1775)". Indeed, Senecio "tenuifolius Jacq. 1*) A." is mentioned by Besser (1816: 129) in his "Catalogus..."; the name is accompanied by a description [footnote 1*)] on page 128: "Radius lineam latus patentissimus, apice reflexo emar-ginatus. Calyculi squamae subsphacelats adpresss. Bractes patuls. Folia obscure viridia, laciniis angus-tis". The letter "A." after the plant name indicates that the specimens were collected and/or provided to Besser by A. L. Andrzejowski (see Besser, 1816: 156).
It is also worth mentioning that in the phrase "Specimina nostri Senecionis ucranici..." (meaning "Our specimens of Ukrainian Senecio.") the words "Sene-cionis ucranici" are not given in italics, in contrast to
Latin names of other species accepted by Besser (1822) in his "Enumeratio." It means that, in this context and for that taxon, the word "Ucranicus" was not intended by Besser as a specific epithet (Art. 23.6(b) of ICN: McNeill et al., 2012).
I was unable to find any mention of the name "S. ucranicus" attributed to or associated with Besser in other works by Besser and in numerous publications of other authors, including A. L. Andrzejowski (1823, 1830, 1862, 1869), E. R. Trautvetter (1854, 1855, 1883), L. F. Gruner ("1868", published 1869), V. V. Montresor (1886), I. F. Schmalhausen (1886, 1897), B. K. Schischkin (1961), G. Yu. Konechnaya (1994) and many others. The name "S. ucranicus" is also not mentioned on labels of herbarium specimens of Senecio sensu lato in the Besser memorial collection held at KW (National Herbarium of Ukraine — Herbarium of the M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany). In 1823 in his comparative botanical and geographical analysis of Volhynia and Podolia Besser (1823: 212) mentioned only the name "Senecio arenarius M. B.? Enum. n. 1082, p. 30" (in fact, page 33 in Besser, 1822), but not "S. ucranicus". The total absence of the name "S. ucranicus" in publications by Andrzejowski (see above, incl. 1862) is especially important, since Andrzejowski closely collaborated with Besser and was well familiar with Besser's publications and herbarium specimens. Consequently, Besser (1822) neither validated nor accepted (Art. 23.6(b) and Art. 36.1(a) of ICN: McNeill et al., 2012) the name "S. ucranicus" and left his species № 1082 unnamed because he was yet uncertain about its taxonomic status.
The real identities of the three species names mentioned by Besser (1822) for comparison in his discussion under his species № 1082 is rather evident:
(1) S. arenarius M. Bieb. is currently recognized as Jacobaea grandidentata (Ledeb.) Vasjukov (in RaabStraube, Raus 2015: 452); see Greuter, Raab-Straube (2006), Iamonico, Managlia (2015), Vasjukov in RaabStraube, Raus (2015), IPNI (2017-onward), and discussion and updated synonymy below;
(2) S. tenuifolius Jacq. (1775, non Burm. f. 1768) is now accepted as J. erucifolia (L.) G. Gaertn., B. Mey. et Scherb. subsp. tenuifolia (J. Presl et C. Presl) B. Nord. et Greuter (= J. tenuifolia J. Presl et C. Presl: see Greuter, Raab-Straube, 2006), and
(3) S. erucifolius L. is J. erucifolia subsp. erucifolia.
Moreover, there is almost no doubt that the species № 1082 (in the sense of "tenuifolius. Ucranicus. Cat. h. Cremen. 1816. p. 129"), as discussed in Besser's text, corresponds to the species currently accepted as Jacobaea borysthenica. If we just assume, as a thought experiment, that the name "S. ucranicus" was validly
published by Besser in 1822 [because Besser clearly provided morphological differences of Ukrainian plants distinguishing them from taxa discussed under the names S. arenarius M. Bieb. and S. tenuifolius Jacq., and also made a reference to a short Latin description of "S. tenuifolius Jacq. 1*) A." in Besser (1816)], then the supposed species epithet "ucranicus" in Senecio sensu lato would have priority over the epithet "borys-thenicus" and the new combination would be needed for the species currently widely recognized and accepted as Jacobaea borysthenica, which will not serve nomencla-tural stability in the group.
The mention the name "Senecio arenarius M. B.?" in Besser (1823: 212, see above), with the reference to Besser (1822) poses another question: should that be viewed as the validation of the name S. arenarius M. Bieb. [ex Besser]? According to Art. 36.1 of ICN (McNeill et al., 2012), 'Art. 36.1(a) does not apply to names published with a question mark or other indication of taxonomic doubt, yet accepted by their author". From that viewpoint, Besser in 1823 accepted that name, although with some doubt. Moreover, in 1822 Besser mentioned the specimen obtained from Marschall von Bieberstein, and cited its label: "Folia subcarnosa, sicut tota planta incana. Affinis S. erucaefo-lio". No other description of S. arenarius was provided in Besser (1822), and the name was definitely not accepted there. Besser simply mentioned that name for comparison, but indicated that the unnamed species № 1088 (to which his description and discussion apply) is not the same as S. arenarius sensu M. Bieb. If the above citation of the specimen (with a brief description copied from the label, and indication of differences from other taxa) is to be viewed as a sufficient validating description, which, I think, is the case, then the name S. arenarius M. Bieb. ex Besser was indeed validated by Besser in 1823, who accepted the name (although with some doubt indicated by the question mark) and provided an unequivocal reference to his "Enumeratio..."
The species name S. arenarius was also mentioned or accepted later by Eichwald (1830: 148), Andrzejowski (1823: 19, 49; 1830: 40; 1862: 103, with indirect reference: "6. arenarius MB. erucsfolius Enum. Bess."), and by some other authors.
In any case, the exact date of validation and the authorship of the name S. arenarius, as applied to East European plants, is nomenclaturally irrelevant because this name is illegitimate, being a later homonym of S. arenarius Thunb. described in 1800 from South Africa. The complicated synonymy of Jacobaea grandiden-tata is well summarized by Vasjukov (in Raab-Straube, Raus, 2015), with only one minor correction and one addition needed: (1) the name S. arenarius was vali-
dated by Besser in 1823, not in 1822, and (2) the name S. erucifolius = [var.] arenarius Schmalh. was validated (with a brief description in Russian and indirect reference to Marschall von Bieberstein) by Schmalhausen (1886: 308).
The updated synonymy of Jacobaea grandidentata is provided below.
Jacobaea grandidentata (Ledeb.) Vasjukov, 2015, in Raab-Straube a. Raus, Willdenowia, 45: 452. = Senecio grandidentatus Ledeb. 1845, Fl. Ross. 2: 636. = S. erucifolius L. subsp. grandidentatus (Ledeb.) V. E. Avet. 1971, Биол. журн. Армении, 24(11): 44.
= Senecio arenarius M. Bieb. in Besser (1822), nom. inval. (not accepted by Besser). = S. arenarius M. Bieb. ex Besser, 1823, Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscou, 6: 212, nom. illeg. (non Thunb. 1800). = S. erucifolius L. var. arenarius Schmalh. 1886, Фл. Юго-Зап. Росс.: 308. = S. erucifolius L. subsp. arenarius Soo, 1969, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 15: 346, nom. inval. = Jacobaea arenaria E. Wiebe, 2000, Turczaninowia, 3(4): 62, nom. inval. = Jacobaea erucifolia (L.) G. Gaertn., B. Mey. et Sc-herb. subsp. arenaria B. Nord. et Greuter, 2006, in Greuter a. Raab-Straube, Willdenowia, 36: 712, nom. inval. (see Besser 1822, 1823; Schmalhausen 1886; Soo, 1969; Wiebe, 2000; Greuter, Raab-Straube, 2006; RaabStraube, Raus, 2015).
Conclusion
Since the name "S. ucranicus" has never been in fact validated by Besser or by subsequent authors before Hodalova (1999), the name S. ucranicus Hodalova applicable to a Carpathian species of Senecio s. str. is thus legitimate, and the name S. hercynicus subsp. ucranicus should be considered a nomenclatural combination with the authorship "(Hodalova) Greuter", as it has been done in the original publication (Greuter, 2003).
Acknowledgments
I am grateful to Dr. Iva Hodalova and Dr. Pavol Mered'a Jr. (Botanicky ustav SAV / Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia) for productive discussion.
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