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Krul Alexandra Sergeevna, Bashkir State Agrarian University, associate professor chair of philosophy, sociology and pedagogic E-mail: gecata@inbox.ru
Semantics aspect of information in the communications of social interactions
Abstract: In this paper considers influence of the type of information on the process and outcome of communicative interactions. The possible options communicative interactions based on identifying the types of information transmitted messages. We determine semantic aspects of information messages as one of the factors that determines the process and result of communication and social interactions. Through research, we can say that in the process of information exchange formed a semantic space that can determine the process and the result of communications. The type of information message determines the choice of communication strategy communication management, possible social structures. Knowing the model of communication interactions, which is based on semantic analysis, you can manage communication processes in society.
Keywords: information, message, understanding, the communication, types of information messages, the semantics of information messages, the type of communicative interaction.
I. Introduction
In this article we consider a manifestation semantic aspect of information as constraints, preserving the integrated system. Semantic of information (informational aspects) — the content of information influencing on process of formation message. Later, it defines the understanding of the message in the social reality, in interactions between social actors. Communicators have only part of information necessary for their communicative actions. We define are several types “information fields” that differ in content and consider their effect on communication, defining thus the link between information and the result of communicative interaction. Linguistically all information forms the close field — associative (semantic) aspects that are filled with the values of close in meaning.
II. Data Description
On the basis of presented directions, we define the basic semantic groups of informational messages that are clearly manifest themselves in communicative interactions: logical (factual), emotional, concrete (sensorial), abstract (intuitive) types of information.
1. Logical (factual) information — messages about the objective, proven facts information to be proof of (action, statistics, numbers, operations, technology, etc.). This “harmonious” system of symbols, signs, which differs order, logical structure, orderliness. This is an actual reflection of information interactions (was held/was not held). This messages the interactions that occurred or is occurring. Basic features of logical (factual) information — validity, sequence, consistency, provability. In nature and in society factual information is expressed as: structure, action, work, useful activities, schemes, frame, projects, models, systems, structures, algorithms, events.
2. Emotional information — messages about the subjective attitude of to existing facts (emotions, attitudes, desires, energy, etc.). This expression relations, building relationships, willingness to participate in the information interactions (I want/I do not want, good/bad). Messages based on the desires and emotions. Messages that express the attitude of to what is happening, or relationship of the external world to the system itself, as well as readiness to be involved in any interaction or willingness to respond to external signals. Is any attitude (wish/reluctance, will/will not, like/dislike) to the existing interaction, or any reaction to the message. Basic signs emotional information — groundlessness, inconsistency, contradictoriness, unprovability (my emotions, my feelings, my rules). In nature and in society emotional information is expressed in the form: emotions, attitudes, norms, rules, codes, tension.
3. Concrete (sensorial) information — messages facts existing is currently (sensations, sensuality, space, pain, pleasure, power, pressure, etc.). Concrete information is expressed as a state of the system at the moment, the ability to track their own and others states, affect them, oriented in effects on its state. Concrete information is expressed in constant sensations and signals its internal structures. In nature and in society concrete information is expressed in the form of: sensations, a sense of his and others’ space, sense of internal states and structures of different objects, surveillance of another object, borders, perception, response interactions, force, impacts.
4. Abstract information — messages about non-existent facts (ideas, symbol, myth, fantasy, intuition, etc.). These are messages about nonexistent at the moment the system states (that existed ever, possible or imaginary), it is past or future, possible or not, the sense of time, integrity. This type of message is expressed in the form of unconscious experience, integrating knowledge, holistic perception of the world, its development, static and dynamic systems. In nature and in society these messages are expressed in the form of: ideas, a sense of development, state transitions, the integrity of the world, worldview, the flow direction of development, movement of life, immensity, the inevitability of change, evolution, lack of space, hidden springs, the reasons concealed movement and change world.
Table 1. - General classification of content types of information on levels of matter
Levels of matter Logical (factual) type of information Emotional type of information Concrete (sensorial) type of information Abstract (intuitive) type of information
Atomic, molecular Movement, the law, the product, the result of interaction Attraction/re-pulsion, energy Clash, the pressure Potential energy, potential interactions, probability
Cell level Composition, structure, communication, interaction Reaction, intensity, dependence Destruction, formation, adaptation Readiness, memory
Organism Function, organ, compound Activity, acceptance, identification Stress/relax-ation, sensations, pain, comfort, will, strength Contradictions, preparation, fear, reflex
Social System Work, organization, rule, order, system, structure, formal relationship Social group, social and cultural norms, subculture, sympathy, relationships, national prejudices, informal relations Expansion, welfare stability, traditional and conservative society The idea, innovation, intuition, forecast, assumption, insight, originality, innovative society
To test the hypothesis about the influence of semantic fields of information to the communication process, we organized an experimental platform, which functioned during the 2012/2013 years. We used focus groups, each focus group included minimum of 8 participants. Formed focus groups received a specific task, mainly a topic for discussion or group task in the form of role-playing game. As a result, the group was formed of a certain communicative space. Each participant taking part in the discussion discovers similarities or differences with the information field created by the group. Using special tasks moderators form information fields according to the typology presented. Work accomplished enabled to detect stable expression of the information field, certain types of information messages, and we received 8 information fields (aspects).
Table 2. - Semantic aspects of information messages
Type of information Description Kind messages Semantic aspects
Dynamic logical (factual) Use of kinetic energy Activity object and subject Exact knowledge, suitable names and events, rationale, units of measurement, objective phenomena and laws, dynamics, management, production, technology, quality assessment, indicators of the processes, operating properties of objects
Static logical (factual) Objective relations between objects and their individual properties A reflection of objective a correlation between objects Description of the process of thinking, expression of thoughts, mental constructions, assessment of mental processes, the structure of objects, the positional correlation, contract, comparison and classification
Dynamic emotional Conversion of potential energy into kinetic Restlessness and excitability object, mood, emotion Action, impact, emotional expression, impressions, emotional state and the degree of excitation, interjections, exclamations
Static emotional Subjective relation between two objects or subjects (attraction - repulsion) Reflection attractive or repulsive force of objects and subjects, their usefulness and uselessness each other likes and dislikes Description of relations, feelings, psychological distance, communication, evaluation object, permanent qualities and character traits object, evaluation of human behavior
Static concrete (sensorial) Kinetic energy Ability to mobilize the will and power, pressure Visual perception of an object, color, graphics, light, size, shape, position of an object in space, desires, physical manipulation of the object description of contact with the object, force, energy, fight and resistance
Dynamic concrete (sensorial) The relationship between the processes occurring at the same time (space) Reflection characteristics of an internal or external space Taste and smell, shades of taste and smells, tactile sensations, sense of touch, physical contact, touching, sensations, body, physiological processes, pose, needs, food, sex, health, habitat
Static abstract (intuitive) Potential energy Reflection of the potential energy of objects, physical and psychic abilities The time slices, the crisis, the reconstruction of the object, speed, periodicity, duration, variants of situations, opportunities, implement opportunities, assessment of opportunities, correlations, coincidence, the essence of things, understanding of the essence, similarities and contradictions
Dynamic abstract (intuitive) The relationship between the successive processes (time) Reflection ofthe relationship between processes, events and actions in time Time processes, the relativity of time, interconnection, interference, foresight, soul, internal processes, memory, uncertainty
Researcher of communication processes in social systems social scientist R. B. Shaikhislamov considering the model of communicative interaction, highlights the various types of interactions: «promoting», «impact», «countering» [9, 65]. Under the proposed model, the researchers also selects the types of communicative interactions: the subject-subject type, subject-object, adequate, an inadequate, cooperative, competitive, conflict, mixed [9, 65]. Determination of these models allows for more clearly defined roles and positions of the participants of the communication interaction. Such classification we can find by sociologists Habermas, Luhmann [6], Stepansky [8] and others. We also made sure that the type of information messages acts as a factor determining the process and the result of communicative interaction. Formed by information space is completely determined by the communication between the parties, affect the dynamic processes in the group, and if the information space pronounced some semantic aspect, then for a long time it was supported by all as the main participants of the study group.
III. Result
The study showed that all the semantic aspects, forming information space, enter into relations with each other. Relationship between the semantic aspects of information messages can be defined as follows: similarity (S), addition (A), reflection (R), contradiction (C), substitution (Sub).
The proposed classification of relations between semantic aspects complements the existing ones. Thus, the model “ promoting", which reflects the action based on the recognition of the intrinsic value of interests, needs, goals, as another participant interaction [9] is only possible with the acceptance of his role, that is, the information must be carried the same way (model “similarity”). Or model of “countering", when one of the participants pursue their own goals by rejecting the purposes of another subject, which demonstrates the contradiction of information interaction. Information barrier inevitably be a when one participant sends a clear structure, reflecting of its own system ofprinciples, rules, and laws (and the vulnerability of any system in its rigidity) and the other proposed rules are constantly violated, ignored, by creating your own system of rules, more flexible.
Aggressive reaction complemented by reaction victim emotions complemented facts, actions — favorable or unfavorable relations, etc. Information addition creates a comfortable exchange of information. If we talk about the information conflicts, we see that any restriction, pressure, power (static concrete) is always met with resistance in the form of ideas, innovations (static abstract) — «power against dissent» [4]. Emotions and actions, sense of duty, spirit and body — known antagonists. In the social system has all kinds of information aspects, but if pronounced one aspect — hence less is expressed another. Material orientation, domestic values, realism, hierarchy, earthiness — all values for concrete information. Abstract information in such a society will be missed.
Let us consider the characteristics of the various semantic relations aspects.
Static concrete (sensorial) Static emotional Dynamic emotional Static logical (factual) Dynamic logical (factual) - Semantic aspects
Force and action g- Actions need to be evaluated > Excitement interferes with the business process n Structure and law restricts actions я S> Dynamic logical (factual)
Law in the name of order 1 Sanity often conflicted feelings, morals against the law n Emotions required «reasonable» analysis > Actions may to destroy the law Static logical (factual)
Influence through emotions 1 Duty and morality restrain «real» emotions Dogmatism and schematism are mitigated «live» emotions > Effective action is impossible with excessive emotional excitation n -1^ Dynamic emotional
Effect of using other people 1 Emotions create and destroy social relations Structure ignores tradition and is contrary to morality n Relationships determines the action > Cyt Static emotional
Influence with morals and traditions | Sub Emotions as a way to control | Sub Order in the name of law, systems, structures | Sub Actions for the sake of status, to the influence On Static concrete (sensorial)
Too much influence depletes its own system « Comfortable » tradition, comfortable relationships | Sub Comfortable emotions, pleasant sensations | Sub Comfort system, comfortable structure | Sub Creation of comfortable conditions, comfort and actions | Sub <1 Dynamic concrete (sensorial)
New variants interfere established system, ideas against control n Creating relationships, possible relationships | Sub Emotions and opportunities | Sub The concept and theory for new images, states | Sub Work the sake «ideas» | Sub 00 Static abstract (intuitive)
To influence need to know convenient «time» > Development of relations, relations in time | Sub | Managing time using emotions, fantasy, memory | Sub | Structure over time, development of the system | Sub | Convenient moment for action | Sub | NO Dynamic abstract (intuitive)
Table 3. - Relations between the semantic aspects
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Dynamic concrete (sensorial) Sub Sub Sub Sub R S A C
Actions sake of comfort Sensations from structure Sensations for pleasure Sensations from relationships Own sensations hinder affect the outside world Sensations need new ideas, images Time destroys sensations, feeling of time against the body sensations
Static abstract (intuitive) Sub Sub Sub Sub C A S R
Idea and its realization tructured idea, theory, concept Emotional images Opportunities in relations, human potential Inventiveness against the force To generate ideas needed comfort Opportunities and fatalism. The fate of «repays the» possible developments
Dynamic abstract (intuitive) Sub Sub Sub Sub A C R S
Actions in necessary moment The laws of time, temporal processes and state Time in the «emotion», memory, development Relationships in time, the development of relations Protection «unfavorable» periods, development in the «favorable» periods Time destroys «blunts» sensations Time «kill» opportunities
IV. Conclusions
The semantic aspect analysis based on various degrees awareness communicators about the external world. As a consequence, we see different in meaning and form of information messages, which can cause lack of coordination in the relationship: what is available to one participant communication interaction, another is unclear. As a result, despite the initial desire for mutual understanding, coordination, social actors faced with barriers in the form of by objective contradictory information. Many social conflicts, especially in interpersonal relationships can be explained by such “information contradictions”.
Researcher’s communication processes in society determine the effectiveness of communication through information compatibility and typological diversity of subjects of social and communicative activities. Use the type of information aspect messages determines the choice of communication strategy. Thus, the strategy “promoting” corresponds to the “substitution” when communicators use convenient to communi-
cate information, which opens up various aspects of the phenomenon, which do not contradict each other. Such a strategy contributes to the achievement of common goals. Strategy of «countering» meets meaningful contradiction of information, etc.
The study of semantic information in the social aspects of communication requires large additions. Necessary to study the mechanisms manifestations types of informational messages in the social structure, it is necessary to identify opportunities in information management and communication processes. Such communication management based on typological, information and systematic approach will create favorable conditions for the development of social processes required for society.
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