CC BY
1SEMANTIC AND MEANING STRUCTURE OF BASIC ENGLISH VERBS OF
DISPLACEMENT
ASSIL MAIRA ASATULLAKYZY Second year master's student at Miras University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
Abstract. A brief overview summarizing the aim of the article, focusing on the analysis of English verbs of displacement and their semantic structure. It could touch on the main verbs studied (e.g., go, come, move, run), the importance of understanding these verbs, and the methodologies used for analysis.
Keywords: Semantic structure, english verbs of motion, directionality, english linguistics, action verbs, syntax and semantic, meaning analysis, verbs of displacement
Displacement is a ubiquitous phenomenon in natural languages. Grammarians often speak of displacement in cases where the rules for the canonical word order of a language lead to the expectation of finding a word or phrase in a particular position in the sentence whereas it surfaces instead in a different position and the canonical position remains empty: 'Which book did you buy?' is an example of displacement because the noun phrase 'which book', which acts as the grammatical object in the question, does not occur in the canonical object position, which in English is after the verb. Instead, it surfaces at the beginning of the sentence and the object position remains empty. Displacement is often used as a diagnostic for constituent structure because it affects only (but not all) constituents. In the clear cases, displaced constituents show properties associated with two distinct linear and hierarchical positions. Typically, one of these two positions c-commands the other and the displaced element is pronounced in the c-commanding position. Displacement also shows strong interactions with the path between the empty canonical position and the position where the element is pronounced: one often encounters morphological changes along this path and evidence for structural placement of the displaced constituent, as well as constraints on displacement induced by the path.
The exact scope of displacement as an analytically unified phenomenon varies from theory to theory. If more then one type of syntactic displacement is recognized, the question of the interaction between movement types arises. Displacement phenomena are extensively studied by syntacticians. Their enduring interest derives from the fact that the complex interactions between displacement and other aspects of syntax offer a powerful probe into the inner workings and architecture of the human syntactic faculty. 'Semantic structure' constitutes the meaning system directly expressed by and encoded in language. In other words, semantic structure is the form that conceptual structure takes for expression in language. Thus, in order to get a sense of the nature of semantic knowledge, for instance, the nature and range of lexical concepts, we must begin by examining the nature of conceptual structure. Core Meanings and Semantic Roles: Exploring the basic meanings and contexts where these verbs are used to convey motion. Polysemy and Extended Meanings: Discussing how each verb can have multiple meanings based on context. For instance, "run" can mean to physically move quickly or refer to managing something (like "run a business"). Syntax and Sentence Structure: How these verbs interact with grammatical structures, like prepositions and direct/indirect objects, to modify their meanings. Cross-Cultural and Language Comparison: The differences in how displacement verbs are used and understood in English versus other languages.
In essence, basic English verbs of displacement serve as a foundation for understanding not just movement but also abstract processes, emotional transitions, and relational changes. They demonstrate how language can succinctly encode both literal and figurative motion, offering a window into the cognitive and cultural aspects of meaning. The system-structural features describing the syntactic connectivity of motion verbs using the conceptual apparatus of generative grammar emphasise the purpose of describing standard sentence constructions and achieving an invariant semantic value in languages.
Modern linguistic methodologies create a bridge between theory and solutions that make use of the latest knowledge of languages and technology. The inclusion of additional grammatical information is conceptual in nature. The presentation of syntactic rules combined with semantics will allow the fundamental role of the motion verb in sports discourse to be formed in a sentence, as well as creating more easily and independently an unlimited number of relevant statements in the Russian, Kazakh and English languages. When establishing initial assumptions, it is important to discard terminology that is confusing and includes coded semantic characteristics of the lexemes. The functional aspect of motion verbs proceeds from the semantic component with a special emphasis on the globality of meaning and the local structure of the term under study, i.e. the change of direction of concepts in the rules of interpretation. These postulates are realised by selected models of generative semantics, the historical continuation of which takes place, on the one hand, through traditional cognitive concepts and, on the other hand, through new structuralist concepts. Semantic analysis, which is carried out on the basis of theoretical findings from selected cognitive models, focuses on conceptual rules. The theory of cognitive grammar goes through several stages. Firstly, the use of the motion verb varies in many examples. Secondly, the central imaginary scheme is reconstructed. Thirdly, typical and related semantic features are taken into account, placing them in an appropriate structural framework. The description of meanings in the target sport domain, according to the guiding principles, formulates theories of conceptual metaphors and theories of lexical categorisation, which boils down to the projection of selected actions from one domain to another based on the invariance hypothesis. The known functional-semantic models do not provide satisfactory subjective verb checking procedures. Ultimately, all the paths lead to the lexicon as a subsystem of language using the methods of structural semantics. System-structural and functional-semantic features constitute a comprehensive description of the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties of the grammatical system of languages. This is a kind of linguistic holism that has given rise to a new type of grammatical classification, which seeks to construct functional and grammatical categories of motion verbs that combine units of different formats - morphemes, lexemes, syntagmas, sentences. The permanent nature of the language system's sports discourse requires an appropriate methodology of description. Universalism, which consists in the synthesis of knowledge acquired not only in the field of linguistics, is a characteristic feature of motion verbs, determining the effectiveness of heuristic treatments. Confrontational studies of Kazakh, Russian and English are one of the most important prospective areas that have great general theoretical and practical significance. The semantic category is a common feature of lexemes of motion and phrase structure, inextricably linked to sports discourse. The values in this category are perfection and imperfection, which are considered at the semantic level as they are related to the duration and completion of the action.
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