CC BY
2
Научная статья
DOI: 10.15593/2224-9354/2024.1.9 УДК 316.444-053.81
A.V. Rybyakova, G.I. Seletkova, E.A. Lazukova, K.V. Tulieva
SELF-TRACKING IN CONDITIONS OF MODERN YOUTH MOBILITY
The article is based on the results of the sociological study of the students in the city with a millionplus population and reveals the specifics of the self-tracking sociological study, connected, above all, with the studying of relations between the doctor, who has given self-tracking recommendations and the patient using it, as well as with a comparative study of different social groups, being the users of this technology.
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the young people's self-monitoring with the help of digital devices, which are revealed on the basis of an empirical research, conducted by the authors in 2023 among university students in Perm. Mobility theory by John Urry was chosen as the methodology of the research. One of the tasks of the study was to find out: is self-tracking a health monitoring tool for young generation ("self-tracking for yourself') or is the use of tracking-gadgets in the modern conditions becoming the certain social status indicator ("self-tracking for others")? The authors incline to the first thesis.
As a result of the research the typology of students according to self-tracking has been created: "dependent", "independent", "self-sufficient" and "moderate". A quite positive type "independent" is becoming dominant, and is characterized by the absence of affection to the tracking-gadgets and by not posting the results of the tracking in the social networks.
According to the study, the regularity of the health monitoring is influenced by the students' mobility around the city. The most widespread tracking-gadgets among the city youth were revealed. From a wide range of gadgets, the most famous among students are fitness bracelets and smart-watches, it also reflects the increasing interest to the nature of the youth mobility.
Keywords: self-tracking, self-monitoring, trackers, mobility, gadget, digital device, students, youth.
At present, hardware and software, that can fix the possibilities of mobility in a living conditions and real body's performance parameters connected with it, are widely spread [1, p. 156; 2, p. 29; 3, p. 121]. The modern man is hihgly mobile. According to the opinion of the British sociologist John Urry, one of the main reasons of the mobility is "face-to face" meetings [4, p. 33]. Mobility becomes one of the essential forms of the existence [5, c. 1689], caused by the growing process of the "digitalization of the society". We can already speak about the digitalization of production and medicine [6, p. 89; 7, p. 108; 8, p. 29; 9, p. 978].
One of the most succesessfully developing directions of the digital technologies introduction into the medicine is becoming self-monitoring, monitoring of the health
© Rybyakova A.V., Seletkova G.I., Lazukova E.A., Tulieva K.V., 2024 Anastasia V. Rybyakova - MA (Sociology), Senior Lecturer, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, e-mail: a.nastasi.a@mail.ru.
Guzel I. Seletkova - MA (Sociology), Senior Lecturer, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, e-mail: guzal.ka@mail.ru.
Evgenia A. Lazukova - Cand. Sc. (Sociology), Associate Professor, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, e-mail: e.las@mail.ru.
Karina V. Tulieva - Senior Lecturer, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, e-mail: shunya200583@mail.ru.
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indicartors [10, p. 21], data about physical and mental man's states [11, p. 55]. This dramatically has changed the ways of the health self-control, as a result "self-tracking" appears.
The topic of self-tracking has appeared relatively recently in science, but the ways of health state monitoring have been existing for a long time [12, p. 174]. Self-tracking is studied by different sciences and considers fixing of measured indicators, taking into consideration medical and social norms [13, p. 255]. Sociology studies the self-monitoring of indicators among other social groups [14-18], goals and motivations [19; 20, p. 196], advantages and drawbacks of self-tracking [21].
Self-tracking tools process collected information, motivating to improve health indicators and to correct habits and the lifestyle [22, p. 4; 23, p. 19]. According to Bruno Latour's opinion, self-tracking tools can be seen as the elements of the social relations [24, c. 40-41]: technical devices become able to limit and direct people's actions.
Self-tracking can be a modern trend. In this case self-monitoring can be a part of man's individual style [25, c. 7]. Is self-tracking a diagnostic tool for the young people ("self-tracking for yourself') or having a tracking-gadget is a part of a certain social status in modern conditions ("self-tracking for others")?
To answer this question a survey among the university students in Perm was conducted in April-May 2023. The topic of the survey was "Monitoring of health with the help of digital devices" (N=227).
Typology of students, using self-tracking, is based on 2 criteria:
1) The presence or absence of the communication in the social nets concerning their own progress in tracking;
2) The possibility to be without tracking-gadgets during 24 hours.
As a result, 4 types were identified. Those who cannot do without tracking-gadgets during 24 hours and post their results in the social nets are very little only (0,9 %), this type can be called "dependent". The most numerous type is "independent", 9 out of 10 students (90,7 %), they can be without tracking-gadgets during 24 hours and not target to post their achievements in the social nets. "Self-sufficient" type (cannot live without tracking and don't have any post on this topic in the social nets) is the second most common, but is extremely rare (6,2 %). Those who are used to share their health indicators in the social nets, but cannot use tracking-gadgets at least 24 hours are even less (2,2 %).
Therefore, "self-tracking for yourself" is 7 times more common, than "self-tracking for others". Most of the students don't have "tracking-mania", they don't have online chats on this topic.
Considering the awareness of the tracking-gadgets existence, let us mention that the students who name such gadgets as fitness bracelet, smart-watches and "smart" scales are (more than 85 %), blood glucose meter (2/3 of the respondents). Less than a half of the respondents knows oxygen saturation monitor and only 7 % of them are familiar with the transmitter (fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Students awareness of the self-tracking gadgets (%)
According to the survey, the regularity of health monitoring depends on how the students move around the city. Students, who actively move around the city (on foot or by bicycle) more regularly monitor their health than the students who use transport (those who move passively) - 42,7 % in comparison with 29,6 %, the majority of them only sometimes pays attention to their health. Among the students, who choose active movements around the city, the number of those who doesn't pay any attention to their health even a bit higher, than among those who are getting around the city by car or using public transport (16,0 vs. 9,9 %). That can be due to the necessary mobility and not because of the desire to have an active way of life (table 1).
Table 1
Regularity of students' health monitoring (in % according to movements around the city)
Monitoring... Character of movements
active passive
regularly 42,7 29,6
sometimes 41,3 60,5
never 16,0 9,9
Pearson's chi-squared test - 0,023
The most popular among self-tracking gadgets according to the respondents' opinion are smart-watches and fitness-bracelets, this reflects the increasing interest to the character of the young people's mobility. Most of them monitor the number of steps they made, the length of the distance and other physical activities.
Young people use these technical devices with different frequency (table 2). More than a half of female students regularly monitor the number of steps they made (51,1 %). Among male students the number of such people is 20 % less: only one third of men use pedometer regularly (32,1 %); also, about one third of them use it sometimes or don't use it at all.
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Table 2
Frequency of step counter use (in % per gender)
Frequency Men Women
Regularly 32,1 51,1
Sometimes 35,8 28,2
Don't use 32,1 20,7
Pearson's chi-squared test - 0,045
According to the results, the use of trackers correlates to the satisfaction and the goal setting. The higher is the satisfaction with the self-tracking, the more is the share of those who use pedometer in smart-watches: among satisfied on 6-10 points out of 10, the number of such people is twice more (54,1 %), than among those who are less satisfied (26,3 %). Among those who have goals to achieve certain self-tracking indicators there are more people who count their steps using smart-watches in comparison with those who don't set any goals (55,4 and 31,6 % accordingly).
There is a phenomenon of a directional consumption: among young people, who are focused on the use of self-tracking options to achieve desired results and enjoying the process of monitoring itself, the share of those who actively use is higher, in particularly, the use of pedometer. The growth of material status is connected at the same time with the rise in share of those who have used fitness bracelet (approx. from 1/5 to 3/5) and the shares of those who have never used such gadget are decreasing (approx. from % to 1/3) and those who use it now (from 1/3 to 1/10). Probably, it means that the students with a higher income refuse from fitness bracelets in favor of new and more expensive gadgets of similar purpose.
Thus, "self-tracking for yourself" is more common, than "self-tracking for others" Most of the students don't have "tracking mania".
Nearly half of the students are focused on the result of the tracking. Women are distinguished from men by a high proportion of those who are focused on the monitoring body's performance parameters and less proportion who are following the trends. The share of those who name the use of self-tracking tools as a mean of the major motivations is increasing with age, such as monitoring body functions and leading healthy way of life.
From the list of tracking devices, the students are generally known with the fitness bracelet, smart-watches, it reflects high interest to the youth mobility character. There is a connection between regularity of the health monitoring and the way students getting around the city: among those students who move around the city on foot or by bicycle, there are more those who are regularly monitor their health.
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Оригинальность 95 %
Поступила 27.09.2023 Одобрена 10.10.2023 Принята к публикации 01.02.2024
А.В. Рыбьякова, Г.И. Селеткова, Е.А. Лазукова, К.В. Тулиева
СЕЛФ-ТРЕКИНГ В УСЛОВИЯХ МОБИЛЬНОСТИ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ
Статья базируется на результатах социологического исследования студенческой молодежи в городе-миллионере и раскрывает специфику социологического исследования селф-трекинга, связанную прежде всего с изучением отношений между врачом, рекомендующим селф-трекинг, и пациентом, использующим его, а также с компаративным анализом различных социальных групп, являющихся потребителем данной технологии.
Статья посвящена особенностям самомониторинга молодежи с помощью цифровых устройств, которые раскрываются на основе эмпирического исследования, проведенного авторами в 2023 г. среди студентов вузов г. Перми. В качестве методологии исследования выбрана теория мобильности Дж. Урри. Одной из задач исследования был поиск ответа на вопрос: является ли селф-трекинг для молодого поколения средством диагностики состояния своего здоровья («селф-трекинг для себя»), или потребление трекинг-гаджетов в современных условиях становится показателем определенного социального статуса («селф-трекинг для других»)? Авторы склоняются к первому тезису.
В результате исследования была сконструирована собственная типология студентов по селф-трекингу: «зависимые», «независимые», «самодостаточные» и «умеренные», выявлена распространенность представленных типов. Доминирующим становится достаточно благоприятный тип «независимые», характеризующийся отсутствием болезненной привязанности к трекинг-гаджетам и не нацеленный на публичное представление в социальных сетях своих зафиксированных данных.
Согласно результатам исследования, на регулярность отслеживания состояния своего здоровья влияет характер перемещений студентов по городу. Были выявлены наиболее распространенные устройства для трекинга среди городской молодежи. Из широкого перечня таких устройств студентам известны в основном фитнес-браслеты, смарт-часы, что также отражает повышенный интерес к характеру мобильности молодежи.
Ключевые слова: селф-трекинг, самомониторинг, самоотслеживание, трекеры, мобильность, гаджет, цифровое устройство, студенты, молодежь.
Вестник ПНИПУ. Социально-экономические науки. 2024. № 1
Рыбьякова Анастасия Владимировна - старший преподаватель кафедры социологии и политологии ФГАОУ ВО «Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет», Пермь, е-mail: a.nastasi.a@mail.ru.
Селеткова Гюзель Ильясовна - старший преподаватель кафедры социологии и политологии ФГАОУ ВО «Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет», Пермь, е-mail: guzal.ka@mail.ru.
Лазукова Евгения Андреевна - канд. социол. наук, доцент кафедры социологии и политологии ФГАОУ ВО «Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет», Пермь, е-mail: e.las@mail.ru.
Тулиева Карина Владимировна - старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков, лингвистики и перевода ФГАОУ ВО «Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет», Пермь, е-mail: shunya200583@mail.ru.
Received 27.09.2023 Approved 10.10.2023 Accepted for publication 01.02.2024
Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.
Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Вклад авторов равноценен.
Просьба ссылаться на эту статью в русскоязычных источниках следующим образом:
Селф-трекинг в условиях мобильности современной молодежи / А.В. Рыбьякова, Г.И. Селеткова, Е.А. Лазукова, К.В. Тулиева // Вестник ПНИПУ. Социально-экономические науки. - 2024. - № 1. - С. 117-126.
Please cite this article in English as:
Rybyakova A.V., Seletkova G.I., Lazukova E.A., Tulieva K.V. Self-tracking in conditions of modern youth mobility. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 2024, no. 1, pp. 117-126 (In Russ).
