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СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ
SELECTION OF EARLY MATURING LINES OF WINTER BREAD
WHEAT
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Dilmurodov Sh.D. , Khazratkulova Sh.U. , Iskandarov F.S. Email: [email protected]
1Dilmurodov Sherzod Dilmurodovich - Doctor of Philosophy on Agricultural Science, Senior Scientific Researcher, GRAIN BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION LABORATORY, KASHKADARYA BRANCH RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR GRAIN AND LEGUMINOUS CROPS;
2Khazratkulova Shakhnoza Usmanovna - Doctor of philosophy on Agricultural Science, Docent;
3Iskandarov Farkhod Suyarovich - Master's Student, DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL TECHNICAL SCIENCES, KARSHI BRANCH
TASHKENT INSTITUTE OF IRRIGATION AND AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION
ENGINEERS, KARSHI, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the formation and development of bread wheat grains, (flowering, milk, wax ripening phases) in local conditions corresponds to the period of increase in air temperature, decrease in humidity. Such conditions adversely affect the yield of grain crops and the quality of cereals. Under the influence of high air temperature, the process of pollination and fertilization is sluggish. Usually the period of grain filling of late planting wheat varieties coincides with the period when there will be high heat, which causes a decrease in the number of cereals in the spike and the grains will become rancid. In conditions of high air temperature and low soil moisture, it has morning, high yield and quality indicators of early maturing spring bread wheat and is effective to use fast-growing varieties. In this research work, the early maturing characteristics of 30 varieties and lines in the conditions of the southern regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan were evaluated. The phases of the development of varieties and lines were studied, and the maturing lines were selected, which in the short term allowed to obtain a high and high-quality yield, and were recommended for practical selection work.
Keywords: bread wheat, heading date, maturity date, variety, line.
СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАННЕСПЕЛЫХ ЛИНИЙ ОЗИМОЙ МЯГКОЙ
ПШЕНИЦЫ
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Дилмуродов Ш.Д. , Хазраткулова Ш.У. , Искандаров Ф.С.
1Дилмуродов Шерзод Дилмуродович - доктор философии по сельскохозяйственным наук,
старший научный сотрудник, Лаборатория селекции и семеноводства, Кашкадарьинский филиал Научно-исследовательский институт зерна и зернобобовых культур;
2Хазраткулова Шахноза Усмановна - доктор философии по сельскохозяйственным наук,
доцент;
3Искандаров Фарход Суярович - магистрант, кафедра общетехнических наук, Каршинский филиал
Ташкентский институт инженеров ирригации и механизации сельского хозяйства, г. Карши, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: формирование и развитие озимой мягкой пшеницы (фазы цветения, молочного, воскового созревания) в местных условиях соответствуют периоду повышения температуры воздуха, снижения влажности. Такие условия отрицательно сказываются на урожайности зерновых культур и качестве зерновых. Под влиянием высокой температуры воздуха процесс опыления и оплодотворения протекает вяло. Обычно период налива зерна поздних сортов пшеницы совпадает с периодом, когда будет высокая жара, что вызывает уменьшение количества злаков в колосе и зерна станут прогорклыми. В условиях высокой температуры воздуха и низкой влажности почвы он обладает утренними, высокими урожайными и качественными показателями раннеспелой яровой мягкой пшеницы и эффективен для использования быстрорастущих сортов. В данной научно-исследовательской работе были оценены раннеспелые характеристики 30 сортов и линий в условиях южных районов Республики Узбекистан. Были изучены фазы развития сортов и линий, отобраны созревающие линии, которые в короткие сроки позволили получить высокий и качественный урожай и были рекомендованы для практической селекционной работы.
Ключевые слова: мягкая пшеница, дата колошения, дата созревание, сорт, линия.
УДК 633.111.1; 631.527.3
Grain crops go through certain periods (phases) during the development period, ie until the seed is fully ripe. During development, morphological changes occur in plants and new organs are formed. Cereal grains go through developmental stages such as swelling and germination, germination, accumulation, germination, germination, flowering, milk ripening, wax ripening, and full ripening [1, 6].
Existing wheat varieties created by breeders When selecting a competitive varietal test seedling, it is taken into account that it retains its high yield, disease and pest resistance in different climatic conditions [3, 5, 9].
When carrying out phenological monitoring processes in varieties, great attention is paid to the resistance to low temperatures, excess moisture, salinity during the growing season. In addition, varieties resistant to air and atmospheric drought garmselga and hot heat are also distinguished [4, 7, 11].
The main task of the competitive varietal testing nursery is to make a basic assessment of the sum of economic biological characteristics and productivity of the best varieties selected at the time of the first variety testing and created in other research institutes, and to transfer the varieties with the most valuable characteristics to the state variety [2, 8, 10]. Therefore, competitive variety testing is the main variety testing.
In a competitive variety test, 10-20, sometimes 50 or more varieties are tested. Varieties are usually planted in 4-6 replications. The area of the plots is 25-50 m2 for grain crops. In competitive variety testing, varieties are tested for at least 2-3 years and all quantitative data are statistically processed and experimental error and accuracy are found. Grain quality is determined by all indicators, protein, gluten content, IDK (viscosity of gluten), glass, flour yield, bread crumbs, bread quality rating.
Within the framework of the project, 30 varieties of soft wheat were selected and studied in a competitive variety testing nursery, planted in 3 rows, 3 tiers.
Phenological observations are made to determine the maturity of the studied variety or specimens, including the duration of the growing period. Observations made to determine when plant development phases begin are called phenological observations. The procedure for phenological monitoring is as follows:
1.Phenological observation should be carried out by one person at all times of the day, in the morning or in the evening, as it is visualized.
2. Observations are made at at least three locations in the field where each plant species or specimen is planted.
3. Surveillance is carried out only unilaterally (on the east or west side of the plate).
According to phenological observation, the date of onset (10-15%) and complete (75%) of the developmental phases is recorded in a special journal. To do this, the crops should be monitored daily. The journal also takes into account the timing of planting varieties and harvesting. Based on this, the vegetation period and early ripening are determined on the basis of the duration of the periods (inter-phase period) between the individual developmental phases of the studied varieties or selection materials.
The winter hardiness feature of winter wheat varieties is of great importance, as they are very numerous during the winter and sometimes completely extinct. The reason for this is varied: it can die at the beginning of winter due to the absence or very little layer of snow, due to the heat and cold of the days, due to the thick layer of snow or suffocation under the ice. When selecting varieties for a competitive variety test seedling, their laying and grain shedding characteristics are also taken into account. Varieties that are resistant to lying on the stem should be thick and strong and strawy. Often there is a perception that bed-resistant varieties should have short stems. However, the yield of short-stemmed varieties may be low.
It was found that the full germination of varieties in the competitive variety testing nursery took place on November 1-2, the accumulation phase from November 28 to December 2, the germination phase from February 24 to March 9 and April 7 to April 22.
When the duration of the period from germination to germination was studied, it was found that the average return was 157 to 172 days. While the duration of the germination period in the standard Gozgan variety was 168 days, it was found that 19 varieties and specimens entered the early germination phase compared to the standard variety. Early maturing Chillaki, Bunyodkor, KR15-Fawwon-irr-52, KR15-9808, KR15-PYT13-970 varieties and lines were found to have entered the germination phase 6-11 days before the standard variety. The faster the varieties enter the germination phase, the earlier the grain filling process begins. In this regard, it was observed that the drought and warm weather of the year began earlier in the development phases of varieties and specimens studied under the experiment. Varieties of Barhayot, Shams, Shukrona and KR15-PYT13-521 are 163 days old, KESh-2016, KR17-SAL, 2017BWF6-Plot-48 and 2017BWF6-Plot-208 are 164 days old and 4-5 days before the standard variety. found to have passed (Table 1).
The maturing phase of cereals is divided into three periods - milk, wax and full maturing. The maturing period of milk begins 8-10 days after flowering. The moisture content of the grain during wax maturing is 25-30%. During full maturing, all parts of the plant turn yellow, the grain hardens, the size is slightly reduced, the humidity is reduced to 14-18%, and in dry lands to 8-12%. A total useful temperature of 2250 - 2350 0 C is required for full maturing of the grain. Due to the fact that the climate of our region is sharply continental, the temperature will rise sharply from mid-April. Therefore, the selection and introduction into production of early-maturing and low-shedding, high-yielding varieties is one of the most important issues.
Entry Variety name Days to heading date Difference of Local Days to maturity date Difference of Local
Rep-1 Rep-2 Rep-3 Mean check, days Rep-1 Rep-2 Rep-3 Mean check, days
1 Bunyodkor 160 160 159 160 -8 208 208 208 208 -6
2 Barxayot 161 163 164 163 -5 210 210 210 210 -4
3 Farovon 169 168 168 168 0 212 212 215 213 -1
4 Shams 163 163 164 163 -5 211 211 209 210 -4
5 Grom 166 165 166 166 -2 216 215 217 216 2
6 KESH-2016 166 163 164 164 -4 211 210 212 211 -3
7 Shukrona 162 163 164 163 -5 209 212 211 211 -3
8 KR17-SAL 164 165 164 164 -4 216 214 213 214 0
9 Shakhrisabz-1 165 167 167 166 -2 214 214 217 215 1
10 Kr12-18 167 167 167 167 -1 216 215 213 215 1
11 KR15-9808 163 162 162 162 -6 212 211 212 212 -2
12 KR15-Fawwon-irr-52 160 162 160 161 -7 216 215 214 215 1
13 KR15-PYT13-970 163 161 162 162 -6 208 210 209 209 -5
14 KR15-9019 163 165 164 164 -4 208 211 209 209 -5
15 KR15-PYT13-521 162 163 165 163 -5 214 216 212 214 0
16 Chillaki 157 157 158 157 -11 205 205 205 205 -9
17 Yaksart 166 166 167 166 -2 211 214 211 212 -2
18 Gozgon (Check) 167 169 167 168 0 215 212 214 214 0
19 Hisorak 172 171 171 171 3 215 212 217 215 1
20 Tanya 169 171 170 170 2 217 215 217 216 2
21 KR17-Rakobat-D-4 168 166 168 167 -1 211 211 213 212 -2
22 2017BWF6-Plot-34 169 169 170 169 1 212 211 211 211 -3
23 2017BWF6-Plot-38 169 172 170 170 2 212 215 213 213 -1
24 Davr 169 170 170 170 2 215 214 213 214 0
25 Yogdu 165 165 165 165 -3 207 209 208 208 -6
26 2017BWF6-Plot-48 163 166 164 164 -4 211 213 211 212 -2
27 2017BWF6-Plot-52 170 170 171 170 2 215 215 215 215 1
28 2017BWF6-Plot-96 172 170 171 171 3 215 215 214 215 1
29 2017BWF6-Plot-33 168 169 168 168 0 214 215 212 214 0
30 2017BWF6-Plot-208 163 166 164 164 -4 211 213 211 212 -2
Mean 165 166 166 166 -2 212 212 212 212 -2
Maximum 172 172 171 172 3 217 216 217 216 2
Minimum 157 157 158 157 -11 205 205 205 205 -9
LSD05 1,68 2,23
CV% 0,6 0,6
The duration of the growing period of the studied varieties was found to be on average 205 to 216 days in terms of returns. While the duration of the growing period in the standard Gozgan variety was 214 days, 17 varieties and specimens were found to have entered the early maturing phase. It was noted that Chillaki, Bunyodkor, Yogdu, KR15-PYT13-970, KR15-9019 varieties entered the maturing phase with a difference of 5 to 9 days compared to the standard variety, while the remaining 12 varieties passed from the standard variety to the early maturing phase with a difference of 1 to 4 days. According to observations from the experimental field, the maturing process in wheat grains in early-maturing varieties began on May 25, and by June 7, all varieties were fully ripe.
References / Список литературы
1. Juraev D.T. et al. TO STUDY THE HEAT RESISTANCE FEATURES OF BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES AND SPECIES FOR THE SOUTHERN REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN // European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 2020. Т. 7. № 2. Р. 2254-2270.
2. Дилмуродов Ш.Д., Каюмов НШ. ОЦЕНКА ПРОДУКТИВНЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ЛИНИЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ // Вестник науки и образования, 2020. № 17-1 (95).
3. Дилмуродов Ш.Д., Зиядуллаев З.Ф. Selection of early and productive lines in preliminary yield trial of bread wheat // INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL JOURNAL "INNOVATION TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGY", 2020. Т. 1. № 1. Р. 55-59.
4. Fayzullayev A.Z. et al. SELECTION OF HIGH-YIELDING AND HIGH-QUALITY LINES OF BREAD WHEAT // INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL JOURNAL "INNOVATION TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGY", 2020. Т. 1. № 3. Р. 10-14.
5. Shakirjanovich K.N., Dilmurodovich D.S. Analysis of yield and protein content of drought-resistant chickpea lines for rainfed areas // INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISCOURSE ON INNOVATION, INTEGRATION AND EDUCATION, 2021. Т. 2. № 1. Р. 108-111.
6. Dilmurodovich D.S. et al. Analysis of yield and yield components traits in the advanced yield trial of winter bread wheat // INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISCOURSE ON INNOVATION, INTEGRATION AND EDUCATION. 2021. Т. 2. № 1. Р. 64-68.
7. Dilmurodovich D.S., Bekmurodovich B.N., Shakirjonovich K.N. WINTER BREAD WHEAT GRAIN QUALITY DEPENDS ON DIFFERENT SOIL-CLIMATE CONDITIONS // INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISCOURSE ON INNOVATION, INTEGRATION AND EDUCATION, 2020. Т. 1. № 5. Р. 377-380.
8. Kayumov N.Sh. et al. Selection of early bread wheat lines based on studying the time of development // INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL JOURNAL "INNOVATION TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGY", 2020. Т. 1. № 2. Р. 69-71.
9. Kayumov N.S., Dilmurodov S.D. Selection of heat and drought tolerant varieties and lines of chickpea for rainfed areas // ВЫСОКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, НАУКА И ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ: АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ, ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ И ИННОВАЦИИ, 2020. Р. 129-131.
10. Dilmurodov S.D., Tukhtayeva U.A. Selection of high-yielding and grain-quality donors of winter bread wheat for irrigated areas // НАУКА И ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ: СОХРАНЯЯ ПРОШЛОЕ, СОЗДАЁМ БУДУЩЕЕ, 2020. Р. 92-95.
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