CC BY
13
№ 5 (110)
AunÎ
/Ш. TE)
UNIVERSUM:
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
май, 2023 г.
SELECTION OF AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT FROM OIL AND PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS IN OIL REFINING
Burkhon Saydaliyev
Assistant,
Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Republic of Uzbekistan, Fergana E-mail: saydaliev09021967@gmail.com
ВЫБОР ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО МЕТОДА ОЧИСТКИ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД ОТ НЕФТИ И ПРОДУКТОВ НЕФТЕХИМИИ ПРИ ПЕРЕРАБОТКЕ НЕФТИ
Сайдалиев Бурхон Якубович
ассистент
Ферганского политехнического института, Республика Узбекистан, г. Фергана
ABSTRACT
This article presents the most commonly used modern methods of extracting oil and petrochemical products from wastewater, as well as the results of studies on water purification by adsorption. Wastewater from the Mubarak gas treatment plant (Uzbekistan), solid waste from the Angren HPP (Uzbekistan) formed as a result of coal combustion were selected as the object of scientific and technical research. Data on the chemical composition of ash and the results of adsorption of 1 liter of water from petroleum products in various proportions and media are presented.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В данной статье представлены наиболее часто используемые современные методы извлечения нефти и продуктов нефтехимии из сточных вод а, также результаты исследований по очистке вод методом адсорбции. В качестве объекта научно-технического исследования были выбраны сточные воды газоочистной установки Мубарак (Узбекистан), твердые отходы Ангренской ГЭС (Узбекистан), образующиеся в результате сжигания угля. Приведены данные о химическом составе золы и результаты адсорбции 1 литра воды из нефтепродуктов в различных пропорциях и средах.
Keywords: toxicological, waste, hydrocarbons, organic chemistry, environment, internal combustion engines, flammable, gasoline, paraffin, sludge, coagulant, flocculants.
Ключевые слова: токсичность, отходы, углеводороды, органическая химия, окружающая среда, двигатели внутреннего сгорания, легковоспламеняющиеся, бензин, парафин, шлам, коагулянт, флокулянты.
Most of the industrial toxicological emissions come from the main part of oil, products of its processing and petrochemicals. It is well known that the bulk of oil, which occupies a special place among fossil fuels, consists of hydrocarbons and is the main raw material for the production of basic energy saving products and organic chemistry. Taking into account the fact that today the volume of oil production in the world has reached 3.5 billion tons and only 1%, according to the regulations, will not be able to get into the environment, 35 million tons of oil and products of its processing will be released, we clearly see a negative environmental impact. and economic impact on the environment. In addition, given the unpredictable and unforeseen circumstances of the accident (at least the same amount of oil and refined products, as well as petrochemicals have a negative impact on the environment), it is not difficult to imagine what the future will be like.
Analyzes show that oil and petroleum products only provide a clearer picture of the situation with subsequent
environmental impacts: when used in internal combustion engines - 38.1%, 27.3% - in industrial production equipment, 11.2% - in coastal tankers, 10.8% - in the total volume of traffic, 6.3% - in refineries and petrochemicals, unforeseen accidents and accidents - 4.2% of the total number of cases and 2.1% - cleaning of tankers and oil tankers. In addition, incomplete combustion in apparatuses, the use of gasoline and kerosene when cleaning machines and mechanisms. Most of the industrial toxicological emissions are from petrochemicals, oil and products of its processing. It is known that the bulk of oil, which occupies a special place among mineral resources, consists of hydrocarbons and is the main source of energy and raw material for the production of organic products chemistry.
If we assume that 1% of all refining oil pollutes the environment, one can imagine what a negative environmental and economic impact 3.5 billion tons of refining oil has on the environment. In general, the oil and gas industry is one of the industries that releases various
Библиографическое описание: Saydaliyev B. SELECTION OF AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT FROM OIL AND PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS IN OIL REFINING // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2023. 5(110). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/15550
№ 5 (110)
А1
UNIVERSUM:
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
types of refined and petrochemical products into the environment. Currently, various physical, chemical and technological methods are used to purify wastewater from oil, refined products and petrochemicals and extract components from them. These include flotation, coagulation, oxidation with ozone and chlorine gases, electrochemical methods, osmosis, precipitation, and others.
Methods for extracting compounds from petroleum products (petroleum distillates) and petrochemicals (coloring and dissolving in different waters) from wastewater are considered [4].
Coagulation is one of the most commonly used methods of wastewater treatment, purification of refined and insoluble oils and petrochemicals. Years of research in this area have shown that aluminum and iron ox hydrates are used as coagulants in wastewater treatment.
Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the widespread use of secondary products as coagulants. Enough information on the use of flocculants with coagulants to improve the efficiency of the coagulation process. For this joint process, local flocculants K-4 and K-9 are widely used in the Republic of Uzbekistan [1]. The use of a composition of coagulants and flocculants significantly increases the efficiency of the isolation of water-soluble and insoluble organic products. The main disadvantage of this method is the large amount of sludge released from the wastewater for coagulation and flocculation. The sludge can be sent to the next stage for processing only after it has been dehydrated for 90-120 minutes.
Flotation method. The flotation method also plays an important role in the recovery of dissolved and insoluble oils and wastes in wastewater. Research data on experimental laboratory devices show that when during the flotation process without reagents, 47-56% of undissolved and 38-48% of dissolved organic products.
When using a multi-stage flotation method, it was noted that the concentration of bio useful oxygen (BOD)
май, 2023 г.
was reduced to 27%, and the concentration of chemically useful oxygen (COD) - by 49%. And the amount of finely dispersed colloidal compounds is reduced to 41%. More and more information about the effectiveness of a new flotation process - pressure flotation. The process of combined pressure flotation and pressure flotation is more efficient than others. The main advantage of the method is the smaller volume of sediment and the relatively lower moisture content in it. The content of flotation condensate in this sediment is slightly less than in the sediment obtained by other methods, and the process lasts no more than 30 minutes.
Electrochemical method. This method is most often used to separate petroleum products from wastewater. The basis of the method is the oxidation of substances at the anode and their reduction at the cathode. In this case, alloys of iron and aluminum are used as an electrode.
Adsorption method. Good results can be achieved in the process of purification of water-soluble and insoluble organic compounds by adsorption. The results of cleaning with the adsorption method depend on the physicochemical properties of organic compounds dissolved in water, and on the properties of the adsorbent [2; 3]. Based on the analyzes given above, for the purification of wastewater from soluble and insoluble organic compounds, the adsorption method was chosen.
Wastewater was chosen as the object of scientific and technological research Mubarek gas cleaning plant, in which the content of oil products is 5 g/l. Unlike other facilities, wastewater from this enterprise accumulates in the lowlands of the steppe zone in which this enterprise is located, which is the reason for the formation of swamps. As a treatment facility, solid waste from the Angren GRES, formed as a result of coal combustion, is used, the amount of which today is more than 5,000,000 tons. The chemical composition of the ash is given in table 1.
Table 1.
The chemical composition of the ash
Substance SiO2 AL2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 Na2O K2O
Content, % 45,66 13,00 8,88 21,46 4,24 1,30 1,69 1,13
Sulfate was used as coagulant. Table 2 below gives the results of aluminum - Al2 (SO4) 3 • 18 H2O. adsorption of 1 liter of water from petroleum products in various proportions and media.
Different order of addition of the reagents was tried. The following order was found to be more efficient than the others. It consists in the following: 1 liter of purified adsorbent was stirred for 2-4 minutes, then aluminum sulfate solution was added and stirred for another 6-8 minutes. The mixture was cooled for 12-15 minutes followed by analysis of residual oil in water.
As can be seen from Table 2, when the amount of coal ash is 5000-15000 mg/l with the addition of aluminum sulfate in the amount of300-500 mg/l, the cleaning efficiency increases by more than 95%.
This is due to the fact that about 6% of the calcium oxide contained in the ash, dissolving in water, forms calcium hydroxide, which helps to increase the pH to 1, and the coagulation activity of aluminum hydroxide also increases under these conditions.
Experimental results show that the use of one ash in this process is inefficient. Efficiency is achieved when using ash as a coagulant based on aluminum sulfate.
№ 5 (110)
A UNÍ
/Ш. ТЕ)
UNIVERSUM:
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
май, 2023 г.
Table 2.
The results of analyzes of oil products after the adsorption of water from oil products
in various proportions and media
№ If-honor ash, mg/l Sulfate content aluminum, mg/l Quantity of residual oil products, g/l - % Sulfate content aluminium, mg/l Quantity of residual oil products, g/l - % Sulfate content aluminum, mg/l The amount of residual oil products, g/l - %
Waste water pH = 7,0
1. 1000 300 2,90-58,00 400 2,80-52,00 500 2,50-50,00
2. 2000 300 2,35-47,00 400 2,20-44,00 500 2,40-48,00
3. 3000 300 2,01-40,00 400 1,75-35,00 500 1,50-30,00
4. 5000 300 1,75-35,00 400 1.50-30,00 500 1.35-27,00
5. 10000 300 1,30-26,00 400 1.35-27,00 500 1,20-24,00
6. 15000 300 1,20-24,00 400 1,10-22,00 500 1,10-22,00
Waste water pH = 8.0
1. 1000 300 1,75-35,00 400 1.60-32,00 500 1,40-28,00
2. 2000 300 1.60-32,00 400 1,50-30,00 500 1,30-26,00
3. 3000 300 1,40-28,00 400 1,20-24,00 500 1,10-22,00
4. 5000 300 1,00-20,00 400 0,80-16,00 500 0,60-12,00
5. 10000 300 0.50-10,00 400 0,40-8,00 500 0,30-6,00
6. 15000 300 0,40-8,00 400 0,30-6,00 500 0,10-2.00
References:
1. Мамадалиева С. В., Сайдалиев Б. Я., Сайдалиев О. Т., & Умарова М. (2022). Значение И Роль Кислотной Активации Глинистых Адсорбентов Используемых При Очистке Нефтепродуктов. Conference Zone, 82-86. Retrieved from http://conferencezone.Org/index.php/cz/article/view/715
2. Мамадалиева С.В. Зависимость показателей очищаемого парафина от размера гранул применяемого адсорбента // Universum: Химия и биология: электрон. научн. журн. - 2019. - № 11 (65) [Электронный ресурс] -Режим доступа: http://7universum.com/ru/nature/archive/item/8079 (дата обращения: 05.11.2019).
3. Сайдалиев Бурхон Якубович Эффективный метод очистки сточных вод от нефти и нефтехимических продуктов при переработке нефти // Universum: технические науки. 2019. №11 -3 (68). URL: https://cyber-leninka.ru/article/n/effektivnyy-metod-ochistki-stochnyh-vod-ot-nefti-i-neiitehimicheskih-produktov-pri-pererabotke-nefti.
