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0УДК 51 Gylyjov S., Geldimyradov G.
Gylyjov S.
Pedagogic school named after H. Deryayev (Mary, Turkmenistan)
Geldimyradov G.
Pedagogic school named after H. Deryayev (Mary, Turkmenistan)
SCIENTIST AND MATHEMATICIAN AL KHOREZMI'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE
Аннотация: this article provides brief information about Al Khorezmi, a scientist and mathematician who lived in Central Asia in the Middle Ages. The contribution of his scientific work to science is also discussed.
Ключевые слова merv, middle ages, science degree, madrasa, greek sciences, indian arithmetic.
From a young age, Al Khwarizmi was interested in mathematics, astronomy, geometry, geography, medicine and history. In addition to these sciences, he carefully studied Arabic, Persian, Indian and Greek. Al-Khorezmi paid especially much attention to mathematics and achieved great success in this area. Al Khwarizmi lived during the reign of Al Mamun, the son of Caliph Harun al-Rashid, and was the director of the state library. Historians note that Al Mamun's father, Caliph Harun al-Rashid (763-809 AD, caliph from 786 . AD)), was the hero of the famous book of fairy tales called "A Thousand and One Nights". Al-Mamun (786-833), who was caliph in 813-833, was the representative of power in 26 eastern countries until 813 and lived in Merv. Therefore, it is possible that he first met Al-Khwarizmi here and then invited him to work in Baghdad. It is also believed that al-Khwarizmi may have come to Baghdad with Caliph al-Mamun in 819. As we know from history, Caliph al-
Mamun, who devoted himself to science and patronized it, gathered the scientists gathered in Mary, including Khorezm scientists, and opened a center of science and culture in Baghdad called Beitil Hikmet (House of Wisdom). directs the work of the first observatory equipped. Scientists of the House of Pakhimadarlyk paid great attention to mathematics, astronomy, geodesy and geography, which are exact sciences. In general, scientists of the Middle East who lived at the end of the 8th -beginning of the 9th centuries, ancient Greek scientists translated the famous "Dedications" of Euclid, "Almagest" of Ptolemy and other works into Arabic. They not only studied geometry, but also explained it. Caliph al-Mamun built a rich library in Baghdad for the creativity of scientists. In one of his works, Al-Khwarizmi praised Al-Mamun and highly valued his support for the development of science. Al-Khwarizmi worked creatively during this period and wrote scientific works, such as a short book on algebra and almuqabala calculations, astronomical tables, a book on Indian abacus, works on a world atlas, and a treatise on determining the era of the Jews and their holidays. In addition, the scientist Al Khorezmi has such famous works as a book on the construction of an astrolabe, a book on operations using an astrolabe, a book on sundials and a book on history. Only seven such works have survived to this day. Al-Khwarizmi's arithmetic works occupied an important place in the history of mathematics. Al Khwarizmi, in his book Indian Arithmetic, states that he first wanted to show that any Indian number can be written using nine digits. He notes that this method makes it easy to multiply, divide, add, and subtract numbers. The contents of the remaining pages of the book can be divided into three sections. In the first part, the scientist explains the decimal system, in the second part he explains the rules for working with integers, and in the third part he explains fractions and square roots of numbers. Al-Khwarizmi's first use of the number zero, which first appeared in India but remained outside India for a long time, made Indian numerals accessible to Western scholars. This is a great service that tops it all off. The number zero, introduced by Al-Khwarizmi, was used in Europe 250 years later.
His work spread to Arab countries and then to European countries through the manual he prepared. The great mathematician Al Khorezmi was the first to
demonstrate the advantages of calculation systems and preach in a clear and simple language. Thus, Western arithmetic was founded, which took its leaven from the scientific works of Al Khorezmi and other scientists from the East
The Arabic manuscript of Al Khorezmi's scientific work "Book on Indian Accounts" has not been found. But we know the content of its Latin translation made in the 12th century. At that time, a group of scholars in Spain translated works popular in the East from Arabic into Latin. They aimed to introduce Europeans to the best achievements of Eastern science. One of the first works translated for this purpose was Al Khorezmini's scientific work on Indian arithmetic. An original manuscript of this Latin translation is kept in a library in Cambridge, England. Al Khorezmi's arithmetic work was first published in 1857, and in Russian in 1964 in Tashkent.
The famous mathematician Al Khorezmi is considered the founder of algebra. Al Khorezmi's work entitled "A Brief Book on Algebra and Almukabala Calculations" dedicated to Al Mamun is the first book written on algebra. It is recognized by all scholars who study the history of mathematics. The word "algebra" was used for the first time in this work of Al Khorezmi, which has a major place in the history of mathematics. Algebra was presented for the first time as the science of general methods of solving linear and quadratic equations.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. G. Shadurdyev - History and principles of mathematics, Ashgabat 2010;
2. Allakov M. Great scientists of Central Asia, Ashgabat 2010.
