CC BY
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ОСНОВНОЙ РАЗДЕЛ
УДК 633.54
Gafurov N. O.
Candidate of Historical Sciences
Head of the Department of Theory and Practice of Democratic Society for
the Protection of Democratic Society in Uzbekistan,
Namangan State University SCIENCE AND ITS ROLE IN MODERN SOCIETY
Abstract: This article discusses modern science and its role in society. The tendencies, stages, problems of the development of science are analyzed.
Keywords: science, education, society, history of science, development, cultural environment, spiritual factors
Modern science arose in Europe during the XV-XVII centuries. Being a special form of cognition of the world and its transformation, science has formed an understanding of what the world is, nature, how a person can and should relate to them. It is quite obvious that the scientific view of the world could be established in society only because it was already ready to accept this view as a matter of course. Consequently, during the period of the destruction of the system of feudal production in society, a new, in comparison with the medieval, view of the world, nature, which in its essence coincides with the scientific one, is formed.
Modern science in many respects is essentially, radically different from the science that existed a century or even half a century ago. Her whole appearance and the nature of her relationships with society have changed. It should be noted that there are still three basic concepts of science: science as knowledge, science as an activity, science as a social institution. Modern science is an organic unity of these three points. Here, activity is its basis, a kind of "substance", knowledge is a system-forming factor, and a social institution is a way of combining scientists and organizing their joint activities. And these three points make up the full definition of modern science.
The first concept, science as knowledge, with a centuries-old tradition, is considered as a special form of social consciousness and represents a certain system of knowledge. Aristotle and Kant still understood science. For a long time, such an understanding of the sciences was almost the only one. The logical and epistemological interpretation of science is determined by both socio-historical conditions and the level of development of science itself. In fact, those aspects of science that were revealed in the past at the early stages of its existence were absolutized, when scientific knowledge was presented as the result of purely spiritual efforts of a thinking individual, and the social determination of scientific activity could not yet be fully detected.
This concept cannot alone reveal the full definition of modern science. If science is considered only as a system of knowledge, then some shortcomings arise. And the thing is that such a direction in science (relying only on reliable,
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verified facts, knowledge) is pretty monotonous and limited. The researchers are eluded by its social nature, creators, material and technical base, limited possibilities for a deeper and more comprehensive study of the specifics, structure, place, social role and functions of science. All this led to the need to develop another concept of science, to strengthen the study of the activity and social aspects of this social phenomenon.
If we consider science as an activity, then today its functions seem to us not only the most obvious, but also the first and the first. And this is understandable, given the unprecedented scale and pace of modern scientific and technological progress, the results of which are noticeably manifested in all sectors of life and in all spheres of human activity. For example, recently, foreign scientists have put forward one rather strong and sharp hypothesis about the reason people believe in deity. After many studies, they came to the conclusion that in the structure of human DNA there is such a gene that gives various commands to the brain about the existence of a deity.
An important aspect of the transformation of science into a direct productive force is the creation and strengthening of permanent channels for the practical use of scientific knowledge, the emergence of industries such as applied research and development, the creation of networks of scientific and technical information, etc. Moreover, such channels even follow its borders beyond industry . All this entails significant consequences for both science and practice. Science as a social institution is a social way of organizing joint activities of scientists who are a special social and professional group defined by a community. The institutionalization of science is achieved through well-known forms of organization, specific institutions, traditions, norms, values, ideals, etc.The purpose and purpose of science as a social institution is the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge, the development of research tools and methods, the reproduction of scientists and the provision of their social functions.
Today, in the conditions of the scientific and technological revolution, one more concept is more clearly revealed in science, it acts as a social force. This is most clearly manifested in those numerous situations today, when the data and methods of science are used to develop large-scale plans and programs of social economic development. In compiling each such program, which defines, as a rule, the goals of the activities of many enterprises, institutions and organizations, the direct participation of scientists as carriers of special knowledge and methods from different fields is fundamentally necessary. It is also significant that, due to the complex nature of such plans, etc.
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