CC BY
18
УДК 316.3
Nurmatova N.N. department of social sciences and humanities Andijan State Medical Institute
SCIENCE AND GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF MODERN HUMANITY
Abstract: The article deals with the global problems of science and modern humanity. The article analyzes science as a tool for solving global problems.
Key words: global problems, science, modern humanity, society.
Modern civilizational processes have given rise to a huge mass of problems, many of which have acquired a global character. These are such problems as environmental, raw materials, food. the danger of wars, etc. They are studied by a vast area of interdisciplinary research, which is called globalistics. Analysis of global problems and trends is carried out in a multidisciplinary field, in which economics, ecology, sociology, demography, political science, geography, philosophy of global problems, ethics and other scientific philosophical areas are involved.
In the domestic scientific and philosophical literature, the spread of the half-saw approach of I.T. Frolov and V.V. Zagladina-. They proposed criteria for classifying problems as global. It is necessary, first of all, to distinguish between global problems and their local manifestations) and regional .. Global refers to the entire territory on which human activities are carried out. In each region, global problems manifest themselves in one way or another specific to it. The actual regional problems are relevant for individual continents of large regions, states, etc. It is also possible to single out problems of a smaller scale, local and particular. There are the following criteria for the globality of problems. Global problems are problems:
1) affecting the interests and fate of all mankind, in general, and individuals; ...
2) to overcome which cooperative efforts of at least the majority of the planet's inhabitants are required
3) which are an objective component of the factors of world development;
4) the failure of which can lead to serious (and even irreversible) consequences for humanity and its environment.
In addition, global problems are characterized by high mobility (i.e., some of them may lose their relevance over time, move to a lower level, others, on the contrary, rise to a universal level} and interdependence (the solution to any of them implies, at least, taking into account influence on it of other problems)
The list of global problems due to their mobility is open. However, some stable groups can be distinguished among them. I.T. Frolov and V.V. Zagladin propose to consider three classes of global problems:
a) associated with relations between social communities of mankind, or intersocial;
b) resulting from the interaction of society and nature;
c) problems of the type of man - society.
Problems of the first type include: preventing the threat of war, building a new international political and economic order; to the second type, energy, environmental, etc .; the third is demographic, health care, education, etc. Some of the global problems cannot be unambiguously assigned to any class due to their vastness. For example, the food problem can be attributed to all classes at once.
The acuteness and relevance of global issues is well known. The danger of military conflicts that could escalate into large-scale disasters remains. The international threat is terrorism. The ecological problem remains tense: as a result of massive human activity, the stability of biogeocenoses, the temperature balance of the planet, the state of the atmosphere is disrupted, many species of animals and plants disappear, the background of various technogenic radiation is high, etc. The problem of sown lands is also acute: now a person uses about 10% of the land for agricultural needs, but it is impossible to expand it, which is very necessary with the intensity of modern soil erosion processes, and an attempt to develop new lands leads to negative environmental consequences.
Social problems are no less urgent and explosive, a sharp difference in the living standards of rich and poor regions, dramatic problems of medicine and health care, social services, employment of the population, continuously
increasing complexity of education.
The role of science in overcoming global crises
Solving global problems is an extremely difficult task. None of them can be solved separately from the others. Work on each of them requires taking into account a huge variety of interrelationships of the most varied nature of ecological, technological, socio-political, cultural and traditional, etc.
Science plays a huge role here. A significant part of the work on getting out of the global crisis situation belongs to special scientific and technological developments. So, extremely important are:
-Further study of the patterns of behavior of super-complex ecological systems;
- creation of programs for the improvement and regeneration of the natural environment;
- prospecting works to discover new reserves of fuel and raw materials;
- development of new energy sources;
- development of resource-saving technologies and a general increase in the efficiency of the raw materials used;
- increasing the efficiency of agriculture;
- development of social programs (education, health care, economy and employment of the population) to improve the quality of life in disadvantaged regions, etc.
The whole world today is significantly involved in global processes. To study planetary trends and to solve common human problems, special, globally oriented strategies and approaches are required. An example of a new type of research devoted to the analysis of world economic trends and aimed at solving the problems of integration of the world economy can be found in the recent works of the outstanding economist V.V. Leontyev (19061999). V.V. Leontiev and his collaborators have processed colossal material reflecting the modern dynamics of the planetary economic mechanism.
The general orientation of world science towards the global problem of tics should become the leading strategy for the future deployment of scientific and technological developments. The world scientific practice shows that a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach is a promising way of organizing such scientific research. It goes beyond the traditional disciplinary view and focuses on specific issues. This allows you to combine the resources of various disciplines and focus them on the joint solution of urgent problems.
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