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Bobomurotov S. Yu.
teacher
Termez Engineering and Technology Institute
Uzbekistan, Termez.
SAFE MOVEMENTS OF TRANSPORTS AND PEDESTRIANS ON CITY
ROADS AND STREETS
Annotation. This article aims to ensure the safety of vehicles and pedestrians moving on city roads and streets and to ensure the safety of pedestrians in front of unregulated pedestrian crossings and markets.
Keywords: traffic, pedestrian, car, Reno-PSA, Europe, transport, accidents, statistics, security, market, network, international, traffic.
Introduction. Today, it is impossible to imagine any network of economic sectors, our life in general, without the services of vehicles. Traffic safety plays an important role in the efficient and effective use of the vehicle that enters every aspect of our lives. The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Road Safety" of August 19, 2013 clearly defines the obligations and rights and standards of conduct of all organizations and bodies responsible and involved in this work. More than half of all road traffic accidents involve pedestrians. In general, 1/3 of those injured and killed in road accidents are pedestrians and 3/2 are drivers, and most of the road structures are damaged. Currently, road transport is causing several times more losses than other modes of transport. For example, 1 billion. As a result of the accident, 20 people died in road transport, 6 in air transport and 2 in railway transport. Therefore, the issue of traffic safety remains a topical issue. Inspections by the Reno-PSA Physiological and Biomechanical Laboratory provided an analysis of the types of road users killed in road accidents in some
Table 1.1
States Car drivers andPassengers, (in%) Pedestrian, (in%) Drivers of two-wheeled vehicles, (in%) He is a mummy, (in%)
Light Load
France 50 21 23 6 100
Italy 40 30 28 2 100
Great Britain 38 18 36 8 100
European countries (Table 1.1).
Methodology: In developed countries, the majority of road traffic accidents are pedestrian accidents involving pedestrians. The majority of pedestrians who died and were injured were pedestrians under the age of 10 and over the age of 60. Of the pedestrians killed, 69 percent were crossing the carriageway, 15 percent were walking along the carriageway in the direction of traffic, 5 percent were in oncoming traffic and 11 percent were in the carriageway. According to international statistics, 23 percent of pedestrians killed in the U.S. are intoxicated, and the number of fatalities in most road traffic accidents is -41 percent on straight horizontal sections of road; at intersections - 20 percent; on straight slopes - 14 percent; on streets and local intersections - 13 percent; on roundabouts - 8 percent; -2 percent in parking lots; bridges and other places - 2 percent. An analysis of road traffic coverage and road conditions shows that in the United States, 54 percent of traffic accidents occur at night and 52 percent during the day. Pedestrian traffic accidents occurred on 75% of two-lane roads by road type, including 61% on rural roads and 9% on toll interstate (intercity) highways where pedestrians are generally prohibited.
Analysis and results:
Annual distribution of injured pedestrians.
Table 1.2
Years Pedestrians injured in a general traffic accident, in the amount of % Years Pedestrians injured in total traffic,%
died injured died injured
1995 22,8 11,4 2010 19,5 12,5
2000 23,7 13,7 2015 17,7 12,3
2005 21,8 12,7 2020 17,3 12,1
In France, 65 percent of pedestrians killed in road accidents are in cities and 35 percent in out-of-town areas. French experts studied road traffic accidents involving pedestrians and determined that the injured pedestrians were distributed under the following traffic conditions.
Road traffic accidents victims as a result.
Table 1.3
Types of transport Victims (as a percentage)
died Severe injury minor injury
Cars 40,3 58,2 1,5
Trucks 31,0 18,5 50,5
Buses 17,3 23,1 59,6
Another type of car. 11,4 10,2 78,4
The results of the analysis of road accidents show that 44-53% of children killed and injured in road accidents as a result of non-compliance with traffic rules by children and inability to apply knowledge of traffic rules in a specific situation. The main reasons for hitting children are: a car parked in front of an oncoming vehicle, running after trees, various obstacles and structures, crossing the carriageway from an unspecified place, and other situations. This indicator takes into account the intensity of traffic flows and uneven loading of roads:
1
P = 1 Namx / Z(NA) (1.1)
i
here: Nmx - In 1 year i - the number of road traffic accidents in the territory;
Ni- i is the average daily intensity of movement in the region;
Li - i is the length of the road in the region.
The density of pedestrian flow D, the number of pedestrians Q is equal to the ratio of one unit of sidewalk fuselage.
D = Q / F(1.4)
Sometimes the pedestrian traffic density is expressed by f = F / Q. At present, in the design and construction of cultural and social facilities, the value of the property is used depending on the age and value of the people.
Calculate the average size of a pedestrian.
Age and clothing of the pedestrian Human width, m Human thickness, m Horizontal projection surface of a person, m2
Adults:
1. In summer clothes 0,46 0,28 0,100
2. In street seasonal clothing 0,40 0,30 0,113
3. In winter clothes 0,50 0,32 0,125
4. With a young child 0,75 0,48 0,285
5- With hand luggage 0,9-1,1 0,75 0,350-0,825
6.With a load hanging on the back 0,5 0,8 0,315
7. With a light knot 0,75 0,40 0,235
Teenagers 0,43 - 0,26 0,27 - 0,22 0,09 - 0,067
Young people 0,34 - 0,30 0.21-0,17 0,056 - 0,040
Conclusion. The analysis of the studied literature shows that the region and territory of the markets have not been studied on a scientific basis from the point of view of traffic safety, and no research has been conducted so far. This indicates that the road transport network passing through the market areas, road constructions, parking lots, road signs, passenger stations from the market area are organized on the basis of general rules and requirements. In fact, the speed of traffic and passenger traffic in the market area and the location of the markets in the road transport network have their own characteristics, the relevant rules and regulations for their safe operation.
References:
1. IK Korshikov - "Car and pedestrian; Analysis of the mechanism" M. "Transport" -1988 god
2. "Safety of road movement" review information Issue - 6 Moscow - 1978
3. M.A.Kotik "Besedy psychologa o bezapastnosti dorojnogo dvijeniya" M "Transport" -1987 year
4. A.Nazarov "Influence of means, organization of dorojnogo dvizheniya People of the regime and security of the movement of people on two-lane roads in the vicinity of the points "Avtorefrat. Toshkent -1998 god
5. VSN - 25 - 87 Normative document. Tashkent -1999
6. A.G.Ramanov "Dorojnoe dvizhenie v gorodax: zakonomernosti i tendentsii" M. "Transport" -1984 god
