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UDC 339
RUSSIAN UNION AND EU: INTERDEPENDENCE AND ECONOMIC SANCTIONS
Tan Pengwei Scientific supervisor - Yu. A. Anikina
Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology 31, Krasnoyarskii rabochii prospekt, Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russian Federation E-mail: 1459438271@qq.com
The article presents the tools of economic sanctions. In addition to studying past theoretical studies, empirical researchers will pay attention to the results of sanctions imposed by Russia and the EU.
Keywords: economic sanctions, environmental protection, economic dependence, Russia, EU.
РОССИЯ И EC: ВЗАИМОЗАВИСИМОСТЬ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ САНКЦИИ
Тань Пэнвэй Научный руководитель - Ю. А. Аникина
Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева
Российская Федерация, 660037, г. Красноярск, просп. им. газеты «Красноярский рабочий», 31
E-mail: 1509963138@qq.com
Представлены инструменты экономических санкций. Помимо изучения прошлых теоретических исследовании, эмпирические исследователи будут уделять внимание результатам санкций, введенных Россией и ЕС.
Ключевые слова: экономические санкции, охрана окружающей среды, экономическая зависимость, Россия, ЕС.
In today's international relations, the relationship between Russia and the EU occupies an important position, and the economic relationship between the two sides has attracted much attention due to its rapid development. Since Russia's independence, especially after entering the 21st century, Russia and Europe have actively launched all-round cooperation in the economic fields of trade, investment and energy, and have achieved considerable results. In the short term, Russia-Europe economic relations will continue to maintain the basic pattern of energy cooperation, supplemented by other cooperation. In the long run, whether Russia-Europe economic relations can make a breakthrough depends mainly on whether Russia can gradually improve the market economic system reform. Change the deformed economic structure and restore and expand exports of processed industrial products as soon as possible [1].
Секция «Проблемы и перспективы международной интеграции в современном бизнесе»
The European Union were Russia's largest trading partner and investor. There trade relationship determines that Russia's economy has a strong dependence on the EU. They were sued in the trade between the two sides are mainly concentrated in two aspects: the asymmetry of trade relations and the EU's export restrictions on Russian products (anti-dumping, quantity restrictions, etc.). At present, EU member states' investment in Russia accounts for more than 50% of Russia's foreign investment. But because the absolute amount of investment were small, it were difficult to have a significant boost to Russia's economic growth. Whether the EU's investment in Russia can make a breakthrough in the future also depends on whether Russia's domestic investment environment can be effectively improved. Energy cooperation occupies a prime position in Russia's economic relations with the European Union [2].
The EU in the first half of the 21st century will still be an important direction of Russian energy diplomacy, and the energy cooperation between the two sides has broad prospects. The circulation of the euro and the eastward expansion of the EU are the two main factors affecting the development of Russia-EU economic relations. The formal circulation of the euro will do more harm than good to the development of economic relations in the short term, but it will outweigh the harm in the medium and long term. Compared to this, the impact of EU enlargement to the east was more complex, and it can be described as a combination of pluses and minuses. In particular, the Kaliningrad Region will check the sincerity of economic cooperation between the two sides for a long time [3].
In the new century, Russia-EU economic relations have great development potential and space. However, there are still large differences in the medium- and long-term strategic goals of economic and trade cooperation between the two sides, so it were difficult for Russia and the EU to make major breakthroughs in economic relations in the next 10 years [4].
The recent events in Ukraine prove once more how vital dialogue and cooperation are between the largest geopolitical entities in Europe: the European Union and the Russian Federation. Although they are economically interdependent, the tensions that rose in their common neighborhood are a living proof that intensified trade and investments between two spaces are not sufficient to enhance cooperation. Moreover, when it comes to the EU and Russia the divergent values and political paradigms outweigh the need for economic cooperation. A thorough analyst were of the dialogue between the European Union and Russia cannot be limited to a political or an economic perspective and it should take into account both approaches since they are so intimately related [5].
Overall, relations between the EU and Russia were complex and multilateral: from an economic point of view, the two parties are obliged to cooperate because of the interdependence that characterizes their relations, although politically and strategically they tend to compete, because the clashes between the EU and NATO enlargement with geopolitical interests of Russia. The most common concept used in the literature to determine their interaction was the concept of interdependence: the EU depends on Russian energy exports, and Russia depends on European buyers and investors; both share certain benefits and benefits. The political perspective focuses more on the effects of interdependence, which are usually associated with the concept of political power. Since the benefits and benefits of economic interdependence are not equally distributed among the partner's involved, political analysis focuses on the asymmetry of interdependence, implying this. One who has the advantage is trying to influence the other and, therefore, has more political power. The goal was to expand cooperation to increase mutual benefits and benefits.
However, the mutual benefits and benefits can vary significantly from one partner to another, which therefore entails specific costs.
Within There theoretical background, when it comes to economic vulnerability, there are two main directions in literature. In other words, the state that holds the advantage in asymmetrical interdependence can therefore gain power. The role of the delegation involves reflecting upon political events, developments and trends within Russia, as well as between the EU and the Russian Federation, while at the same time supporting the EU-Russia political dialogue. The delegation thus monitors political life in the country, including were sued relating to the areas of human rights, justice, freedom and security, and developments in Russia's foreign (and defense) policy. Since 2014 the illegal annexation of Crimea and the conflict in Eastern Ukraine have seriously affected the bilateral political dialogue. As a result, some of the policy dialogues and mechanism of cooperation are temporarily frozen, and sanctions directed at promoting a change in Russia's actions in Ukraine have been adopted. However, Russia remains a natural partner for the EU and a strategic player combating the regional and global challenges.
References
1. Paavo Ritala, Arash Golnam, Alain Wegmarn. Competition-based business models: The case of Amazon.com // Industrial Marketing Management, 2014. № 43. P. 236- 249.
2. Wendy. Amazon: Five key points for future development. US Securities Intelligence Agency, 2017.
3. Freund C., Weinhold D. The internet and international trade. Federal Reserve board of governors' international finance, 2002.
4. Alibaba group announces March quarter 2018 and full fiscal year 2018 results (PDF). Retrieved May 4, 2018.
5. Adlung, Rudolf and Marta Soprana. SMEs in services trade - A GATS Perspective // Inter economics, 2013, p. 48.
© Tan Pengwei, 2020
