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ОСНОВНОЙ РАЗДЕЛ
УДК 656.052.13
Islamov D. senior lecturer "Air navigation Systems" Department "Aerospace technology" Faculty Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov Tashkent, Uzbekistan
RUNWAY CONFUSION
Runway confusion is when a single aircraft makes "the unintentional use of the wrong runway, or a taxiway, for landing or take-off'. Notable examples of a runway confusion incidents include Singapore Airlines Flight 006, Comair Flight 5191 and Air Canada Flight 759.
Keywords: runway confusion, visual approach, flight safety.
Исламов Д. старший преподаватель кафедра «Аэронавигационные системы» факультет «Авиакосмические технологии» Ташкентский государственный технический университет имени
Ислама Каримова Узбекистан, г. Ташкент
Путаница с ВПП - это когда один самолет «непреднамеренно использует неправильную ВПП или рулежную дорожку для посадки или взлета». Известные примеры инцидентов путаницы на ВПП включают рейс 006 авиакомпании Singapore Airlines, рейс 5191 Comair и рейс 759 Air Canada.
Ключевые слова: путаница на ВПП, визуальный подход, безопасность полетов.
Nowadays runway confusions can be avoided using a satellite monitoring system while pilots making visual approaches. It will be easy to make a visual approach for pilots using RNAV modified pictures, it is safe and gives to pilots more confidence, and Runway confusions can be avoided. In addition, satellite navigation can be utilized on ground movement in order to avoid taxiway and parking point confusion. Its implementation is practicable, and first of all, we should understand how well it improves the level of flight safety. Let us think about this example: On July 7, 2017, an Airbus A-320-211 operating as Air Canada Flight 759 was nearly involved in an accident at San Francisco International Airport in San Mateo County, California, United States. The flight, which originated at Toronto Pearson International Airport, had been cleared by air traffic control to land on San Francisco's runway 28R and was on final approach to land on that runway; however, instead of lining up with the runway, the aircraft had lined up with a parallel taxiway on which four fully loaded and fueled passenger airplanes were stopped awaiting
takeoff clearance. The flight crew initiated a go-around prior to landing, after which it landed without further incident. The aircraft on the taxiway departed for their intended destinations without further incident.[1][2][3][4] The subsequent investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the Air Canada airplane descended to 59 feet (18 m) above the ground before it began its climb, and that it missed colliding with one of the aircraft on the taxiway by 14 feet (4.3 m).
The NTSB determined the probable cause was the Air Canada flight crew's confusion of the runway with the parallel taxiway, with contributing causes including the crew's failure to use the instrument landing system (ILS), as well as pilot fatigue. A retired pilot stated the runway confusion that almost happened "probably came close to the greatest aviation disaster in history"[2][3][4][5] as five airplanes and potentially over 1,000 passengers were at imminent risk.
At 11:46 p.m. local time, Air Canada Flight 759, carrying 135 passengers and 5 crew members,[4] was cleared to land at SFO at Runway 28R. The adjacent Runway 28L had been closed at 10 p.m. local time and its lights were off,[6] except for a 20.5-foot-wide (6.2 m) lighted flashing "X" at the eastern runway threshold.[7] The captain was flying AC759 and the first officer was monitoring. [7] The two pilots of AC759 acknowledged that they mistook runway 28R for 28L and therefore lined up for landing on the parallel taxiway C,[2] [7] [8] [9] even though runways and taxiways are lit with different colors and intensities.[6] It was not clear whether radio alignment signals were operating at the time.[10] Preliminary post-event investigation results noted that Runway 28R and Taxiway C were lit on default settings (in different colors), and the automatic terminal information service broadcast information was current and advised that 28L was closed and unlit.[7] According to preliminary Transportation Board investigation results, as the weather was clear, the pilot of AC759 was not required to activate the instrument landing system and relied instead on a visual approach, as typical for the prevailing conditions.[11]
Taxiway C already contained four airplanes, three from United Airlines and one from Philippine Airlines, queueing for takeoff.[1] At 11:55:46 p.m. local time, upon spotting aircraft lights approximately 0.7 miles (1.1 km) from the runway, the AC759 pilot asked the tower if he was clear to land on 28R, to which the air traffic controller responded at 11:55:56 p.m., "There's no one on 28R but you,"[1][3] when AC759 was approximately 0.3 miles (0.48 km) from the runway threshold.[13]The AC759 pilots "did not recall seeing aircraft on Taxiway C, but something did not look right to them" according to a post-incident interview summary.[7] The crew of Philippine Airlines 115 (PR115) turned on their landing lights to alert AC759 they were lined up on the taxiway. The pilot of United Airlines 1 (UA001), the first in line for takeoff, interrupted the radio traffic at 11:56:01 p.m. and asked "Where is this guy going? He's on the taxiway."[1][3] The air traffic controller then ordered AC759 to abort the landing at 11:56:10 p.m. After AC759 acknowledged the go-around, the air traffic controller stated, "It looks like you were lined up for Charlie [Taxiway C] there."[1][3] AC759 had already started to climb before the go-around
order.
In conclusion, we can clearly say that using a satellite modified route as additional support especially in visual approaches improves the level of safety. The crew will make more visual approaches to being confident with this support.
References:
1. Gafni, Matthias (July 10, 2017). "Exclusive: SFO near miss might have triggered 'greatest aviation disaster in history'". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
2. Gafni, Matthias (July 11, 2017). "SFO near-miss: Air Canada flight got 'extremely close' to planes on taxiway, pilot on ground alerted tower, averted disaster". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
3. Levenson, Eric; Chan, Stella; Hassan, Carma; Ostrower, Jon (July 11, 2017). "Air Canada plane nearly lands on a crowded taxiway at San Francisco airport". CNN. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
4. Spurr, Ben; Howells, Laura (July 11, 2017). "'Close to the greatest aviation disaster in history:' Air Canada pilot almost lands on busy taxiway". The Star. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
5. Dangerfield, Katie (July 11, 2017). "Air Canada plane almost lands on crowded taxiway at San Francisco airport". Global News Canada. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
6. "NTSB Issues Investigative Update on San Francisco Airport Near Miss" (Press release). National transportation Safety Board. August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
7. Croft, John (August 4, 2017). "NTSB: SFO Runway Lighting Confused Air Canada Pilots". Aviation Daily. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
8. Rapport, Geoff (August 5, 2017). "Air Canada Flight Misses By Four Feet". AVweb. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
9. Riva, Nicole (July 11, 2017). "Air Canada plane avoids disaster in San Francisco". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
