CC BY
20
ROME.THEETYMOLOGICALORIGINS
Enrique Cabrejas — Director Linguistic Studies, Regen Palmer (Barcelona, Spain)
E-mail: Enric.cabrejas@elonol.com
The name of Rome was always a great mystery. Through this taxonomic study of Greek and Latin language, Enrique Cabrejas gives us the keys and unpublished answers to understand the etymology of the name. For thousands of years never came to suspect, including about the founder Romulus the reasons for the name and of his brother Remus, plus the unknown place name of the Lazio of the Italian peninsula which housed the foundation of ancient Rome.
Keywords: Rome, Romulus, Remus, Tiber, Lazio, Italy, Rhea Silvia, Numitor, Amulio, Titus Tatius, Aeneas, Apollo, Aphrodite, Venus, Quirites, Romans, Sabines, Latins, "EXevog, Greeks, Etruscans, Iberians, fortuitus casus, vis maior, force majeure, rape of the Sabine, Luperca, Capitoline wolf, Palladium, Pallas, Vesta, Troy, Plutarch, Virgil, Herodotus, Enrique Cabrejas, etymology, taxonomy, Latin, Greek, ancient history , philosophy of language, acronyms, phrases, grammar, spelling, epigraphy, epistemology.
Introduction
There are names that highlight by their size or their amazing story. And from Rome we know his name, also history but what is the meaning? The name of Rome was always a great mystery. There are numerous and various hypotheses on the origin, list them again would not add any value to this document. My purpose is to reveal the true and not add more conjectures. Then I'll convey an epistemology that has been unprecedented for thousands of years. So this theory of knowledge is an argument that I could perfectly support empirically.
Let me take that Rome was founded as a popular legend tells by the brothers Romulus and Remus, suckled by a she-wolf, and according to other traditions by Romulus on 21 April 753 B.C. Also an extended version refers to the name would be an eponymous, meaning that the name would be a direct result of the alleged founder, Romulus. It is said that Romulus and Remus were thrown into the Tiber River in a basket and then rescued by a she-wolf. Well, the fable says that a virgin woman named Rhea Silvia gave birth to the twins Romulus and Remus and Mars, "the god of war" was the father of them and the first gives the name ROME. From there endless exegesis to explain the name of the city but among the many interpretations of the name Rome is one that is made in Greek and it is very striking. Says that Rome is "strength" but would accept admitting Hellenic foundation an arrogant Rome? I'll explain, Rome does not really mean "strength" but those who pointed this are in the right direction to find the meaning, because Rome means more than strength, and thousands of years later I can determine his meaning.
© Cabrejas Enrique, 2016
128
ISSN 2307-3705. Philosophy & Cosmology 2016 (Vol. 16)
How Could I Know?
People have memory and I say it is not a mere coincidence that Italians still employ the expression profusely of Forza! to cheer their respective teams, as other nations do it a different way. Epigenetic is a science that can help us understand in these cases, it's an acronym that means "beyond genetics." It is a branch of biology that studies inheritance not sequence in DNA, but nevertheless, penetrates us, and we give to our descendants, like part of our genome, because what is in our environment, too it is part of us. We talked about as natural and ordinary things as culture, dance, music, etc., but also something more: gestures, silences, and ways of thinking, doing and saying. The ways interact with our environment. And Romulus killed his twin Remo fighting. Not just unwittingly like the myth of Oedipus, the romanorum metaphorically killed his father by denying its Hellenic origins. They preferred to see themselves engendered a wolf sooner filing descendants of ancient Hellenes (Trojans). Denying is not recognized, it is not admitted. Then comes the great eternal lie, which is nothing but permanently deny the truth, but still the intended ignored, must finally be known and come to light. But to understand the reasons for the name we go in time even before its foundation and know the beginning. Unthinkable! Because Rome name is not by Romulus but Romulus was by Rome. In fact, legend plays against to know the real reason, diverts attention from the researchers to another parallel reality and that never happened. And many events around Rome to explain its foundation, but all of them there is only one we cannot forget it because it explains and is the true reason for the name of Rome. We will see in detail later because there's something we should know beforehand. How could I know? Well, on Saturday April 21, 2012, deciphered the Iberian writing after transcribing the full text of "The Bronze Luzaga" and I could understand that, although it may seem strange, writing of the Iberians and the Celtiberians of the Iberian peninsula is writing Hellenes built with epichorikos alphabets (from other regions). That is, each linguistic community used its own characteristics of its territory and for that reason linguists could never find elsewhere graphology matches that was not in that specific territory. That script is before the Greek alphabet Milesius or Miletus but nonetheless it was same spoken language. And I saw that it was a pre Greek for northern Iberians, to be more specific dialects Phrygian-Ionian-Dorian and from Asia Minor. Are they, who confirm the geographer Herodotus and I amazed, just I give testimony. I find it very exciting, of course. And they claim to be: EAAE ... KAPYO: TEKEE-. That is, "Hellenes, Caria's from Anatolia". Amazing! But we were functional illiterates in the Iberian language, and we do not even suspect. It was an open discussion for centuries, and historians could not solve. They called the insoluble problem of the two Iberia, but the issue remained unresolved at the time I could read a small Iberian sheet "The Bronze of Luzaga". Then I could see that Yes! That was true. Both Iberia was interrelated, and between these two "Iberia" Europe was founded. The world was ready for the arrival of new and modern conquerors. And among these new conquerors were the Romans (Tyrrhenian) and find their origins as the Iberians are also Hellenes, so I understood their language perfectly and taxonomy words and what it means, not only Rome, including such names mean as Romulus and Remus.
RO • mA
Let me please contextualize a topic that will help us understand this better. Rome is written with letter /R/ and this could be insignificant if not because something
ISSN 2307-3705. Philosophy & Cosmology 2016 (Vol. 16)
129
important. Then, you know how the Latin grammarians called this letter? The letter was called so -the dog- "canine letter", because this animal in Latin is CANE, CANEM or CANIS and they say: "littera canine" and justified it as follows: Лоуа rov rfxov rov SinXov p, пои ¿¡oia^z ¡z tov rfxo пои napayzi о окуХод orav zivai Oviaizvoq, oi ЛатЫо1 ypananKoi ovoia^av то ураца p littera canina (okvXIoio ураца). (Credit source: Wikipedia). Look, I translate as follows: "Because the sound of the double R, resembles the sound produced when the dog is angry, the Latin grammarians calledR "CANINE LETTER." So the Hellenes (Trojans) said "RO" and the Hellenes (Iberians) also said "RO". Indeed, that is the reason why unpublished Spanish-language currently we do not say "cane" but "PERRO". And the first particle is a root taken from the pre Greek nzp "per" meaning "more" and we attached pa "RO". Amazingly, we say in Spanish nzp+pa -PER+RO-. So Greek particle Po "Ro" is associated with "strength" and as you know is the name of the seventeenth letter of the Greek alphabet. But Rome is not only written "RO-", attached other particle -MA. Indeed, because -Roma- is not a word but a sentence. It is a phrase and two phonemes that are RO and MA. Surprisingly it is not composed of two syllables. This means that we are dealing with two distinct lexemes, minimum unit of meaningful and articulate in an acronym. It is a -phrase- in Hellenic language that introduces two concepts which consists of two main functional units: the subject and predicate. Well, in the phrase ROMA we have everything. For us it is difficult because MA that is "pro" or "by" has led to subordinate preposition, when originally was the subject, who affirms, denies, etc. Watch "MA" is nominal and "RO" is verbal. Is there a more perfect phrase? Literally means BY FORCE. Rome translated to Latin is PRO VIS and Italian language PER LA FORZA. Okay, but that's not the last reason, the name was the result of an extraordinary and specific historical episode that marked the destiny of Rome. RO • MA metaphorically means pa+ia -GOD'S HAND-. But what had to happen for this name? How did it originate? I will explain through this exposition.
The History Before Rome
The history of Rome starts away from their latitudes and at a difficult time to establish for sure, but we know that it was during the war of Troy. From significant historical and mythological events sets they will lead to the establishment of an embryonic monarchy, which then put in place an amazing republic and establish a powerful empire that would dominate the world. But let's start when a Troy destroyed fell to the Achaeans (Greeks) and then the goddess Афробщ "Aphrodite" (Venus) ordered his son Aiveiag "Aeneas" to flee from the burning city and not die as a Trojan. Thanks to the work Aeneid of the poet Virgil we know the hero Aeneas sailed the Mediterranean and the journey continued to reach Laurentian, on the coast of Lazio in the Italian peninsula. But most significant is that Aeneas took with him the rites of Troy and brings to Lazio. Like the gods of the Lars that Romans were devoted and Palladium which was a major size that represented the goddess Athena (Pallas). Aeneas was the great progenitor of the Roman people. There he founded the city of Lavinian, and later his son Aoraviog "Ascanio" founded Alba Longa, a kingdom whose royal family descends the twins Romulus and Remus. So Ilia "Trojan woman" known as "Rea Silvia" was the mother of these twins. His nickname Ilia points unequivocally to Hellenic origins, iXiov is Troy. We should see a fundamental aspect to understand this: When we refer to the Hellenes immediately visualize today the Greeks, even
130
ISSN 2307-3705. Philosophy & Cosmology 2016 (Vol. 16)
as its official country name is EXXnviK^ An^oKpaxia. Greece nowadays in Modern Greek is EXXaSa. However, the EXXaSa or "Hellas" in ancient times was formed by three defined geographical regions: the Greek mainland, the Greek islands and Asia Minor peninsula. These territories were the "EXevog "Hellenes" peoples. It was a collection of city-states that had the same language, beliefs and a common culture, but on the contrary different policies and were independent too. They were children of Elio "Sun God". This was the Titan "Elio" and was later replaced by another similar god named Apollo and "He" was who prophesied the Trojan hero Aeneas an everlasting kingdom. I could understand it better had an important clue in the Iliad, openly to me was paramount. Look, it was now essential to know that detail, and it turns out that informed us that Zeus, Ares and Apollo gods were on the side of the "Trojans" (Hellenes), while Hera, Athena and Poseidon supported the "Achaeans" (Greeks) in the Trojan War. Accordingly, it is obvious that the Greeks not only won the war, but also won the gods of their opponents. In his origin they were not gods, but then formed part, to the maximum extent, the Greek Pantheon. Conclusive evidence that was crucial when I wanted to decipher the Iberian writing, even to understand the language of the ancient Rome, because if I found down the gods who gave worship might know better who they were, and what their language. From there I was able to diagnose the Greeks believed that culture HELLENES as admirable and finally adopted and took of it and the Romans, whom we always think that had usurped it were legitimate "heirs" of their ancestors, but they resigned to that for other brand, the LATINES. That eternal kingdom would a name: ROMA and it is not a Latin word. So, realize the great paradigm that raised the story, because those who initially were Hellenes who were resigned and others, the Greeks deservedly decided they wanted to emulate their enemies, and lifetime credited Hellenes. The winner takes it all. It is a great paradox but the story has these amazing characteristics.
Hellenes
You see, the first thought that I get to Rome is, how small, fickle, fragile and threatened had to be in the beginning, to end up being a survival able to impose an unprecedented domination over the peoples of Europe, Asia and Africa. And it is that feared for their extinction. The situation had to reach its peak; if not soon getting enough females to procreate children do not even come to see a next generation. And was a key issue that needed state an ingenious solution. And leaving aside for a moment the historical and mythological tales which have, there is a sufficiently relevant detail seems to have been overlooked and we should pay attention. If we study and examined linguistically the name "Lazio" that was the region where a future Roma will settle it in Greek EX • Xag.io is a common way of composing nominative in Greeks dialects of Asia Minor. It may seem unusual but look, in the Iberian Peninsula, Hellenic colonists also called themselves ELAZ, a detail not known prior to my research on the Iberian language. In addition, the city Alba Longa, as a "long dawn" is a Latin translation practically of EXXag. Because EX means "light" and Aag means "land". EXXag means "Land of Light". And the region was inhabited by different peoples: Etruscans, Sabines, Latins, Ecuos, Ligurians, Samnites, among others. How many of them were Hellenes? Latins I dare not say, but we know that "Etruscan" undoubtedly were, and EaPivn or EaPivoi "Sabines" everything points in that direction; Plutarch says they descended from Sparta, but even the Aeneas
ISSN 2307-3705. Philosophy & Cosmology 2016 (Vol. 16)
131
"Trojans", which as witnessed chronic is the Roman primordial lineage, on arrival instead of being rejected as foreign armies, were received with top honors in the region as if prodigal "blood brothers". Undoubtedly, all this may well be inferred that "Lazio" was "a promised land" EXXag "Hellenes" in the peninsula after the Trojan War. And Rome would be more than the new Troy. And the meaning of the name -Roma- I am not who proposes it but who is confirmed, as were historians like Plutarch told us: "This great name of Rome, with much glory has spread among all men, (...) and -the force- the weapons given this name to the city, that means Rome." Parallel Lives: Romulus. Plutarch.
And therefore it would be clear from the outset that Rome is by "force", but the classics relegated the true concept embroiled in an unusual ceremony of the confusion that still remains so I try shed light. Plutarch also tells us that the kings of Alba were descendants of Aeneas. They were Numitor and Amulius and they were brothers. The latest usurped the kingdom to the first and for fear that the daughter of the deposed king had offspring made priestess of Vesta to remain a virgin, and her name was Ilia also known as "Rea Silvia" in Latin, but something happened out of the provided. She gave birth to two children. Then Amulio gave orders to get rid of children and were thrown into the river. The rest of the story knows from the legend of Romulus and Remus. Teenage brothers knew that the real king was his grandfather Numitor and by other side Amulius died fighting them. So they handed power back to Numitor and restored the honor that belonged to his mother Ilia. The twins decided to found a city in that country but not in Alba Longa but wherever they grew. They did not stay in Alba and we know from the chronicles were not welcome there because they were considered rebels. Plutarch tells us that the proof that it was a new city is that they had no many women: "It was soon on the resolution that they to take to have women, because was not born of abusive courage, but of necessity, unable to get volunteers marriages, because they treated the stolen with the highest esteem." Parallel Lives: Romulus. Plutarch.
Rumulus Et Remus
We came to an extent, never investigated and the surprise that awaited me it was so amazing, especially at so unexpected of all its implications, because during the founding of Rome the brothers had disputes over how and where found a city. Most surprising is that the names of Romulus and Remus explain the circumstances of this founding. How? Could it be coincidence? It is not easy to think, Romulus and Remus were not the original names when they was born. The names are "appellations", in other words nicknames, ALIASES for which they have distinguished and those who will be history. They became his titles beyond their other names being in fact its real PATRONYMICS. Please look the men of adult age and whether they were "well-born" had the tria nomina "three names": The praenomen, corresponding to the "gens", nomen and cognomen equivalent to a second name. Where are they? They never met. Why? I'm going to the novelty: For it is not Rome that comes from Romulus but surprisingly is the name of Romulus that comes from Pw^a "Roma" root. But there is more, "Romulus et Remus" are the Latin versions of names that were not assigned thought in Latin. They were conceived in Hellenic language, "Romulus" is an "exonym" translating (Pw^a+Xeog) ergo Pw^aXeog. The Latin "Romulus" means "Lionforce", that is so: -The strong Lion- and especially relates to fortress body.
132
ISSN 2307-3705. Philosophy & Cosmology 2016 (Vol. 16)
Then, in Hellenic traditions, like the Spartan, Xeog or Xeov was common nickname for its most distinguished leaders, remember XeoviSag "Leonidas". At others times and traditions such by instance Richard I of England was known as "The Lionheart" cause of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior.
On the other hand, we see that his brother Pe^&g "Remus" contracts particle Pe in another acronym with two lexemes bearing marked fatality in the name, because together mean "backsliding" on "guilt", "blame", "misfortune". At this point, the surprise is greater because the names of Romulus and Remus describe us the exact profile of the personality that embodied and its historical figure. Well, it wills necessary to know exactly what happened and if anything merited these pseudonyms. Look, we know of Romulus by Plutarch, he was "belligerent" in nature and that when he tried to found Rome opened a ditch to build a wall that harbored the city and his brother Remus did everything possible to hinder it. One day became more reluctant to dismantle it and violated the limits, then was mortally wounded by his brother or his acolytes. Therefore it appears that Romulus and Remus names are consistent with their characteristics and explain their amazing lives and also symmetrically.
God's Hand
When Romulus founded the city did it in the Greek style, they say it was the 30th of the Greek month and not the Roman. And in a short time the city was filled with people, mostly single men. Shortly after the founding organized great celebrations where took place shows, battles and games which were attended by crowds from the region. It was when there was an unexpected event, except for those who plotted and known as "the Rape of the Sabine Women". A sign covered with the mantle, Romulus gave signal maids steal the Sabines. None defended them instead of fleeing in panic; the Romans left them flee without pursuit. The popular tradition of carrying the bride in arms and cross the threshold of the houses comes from since. Plutarch tells us: "Also continues until now that the bride does not pass by itself the threshold of the house, but the introduction on wings: because then there came, but brought them forcibly." Parallel Lives: Romulus. Plutarch. That is we have the name "Roma" accredited in forcibly, while inadvertently already resulted in a classic paper, this nickname became the main of the metropolis. To all and from that moment it was forever Roma. Years later of the forced event, the Sabines declared war. Initiated hostilities surprisingly paralyzed the armies in the fight. Suddenly, the Sabine stolen carrying on her lap her offspring stormed the shocking battlefield and interposed between armies and begging them to stop the war and against all odds were able and managed to hold them, because after the misfortune from being stolen by Roman, no case be made by others and now they had to mourn for their husbands and children on one side, while his parents and brothers on the other was an older and crueler than the first injustice pain that was committed to them, and for them was this war to cease arms. Also they carried food and drink to those who asked and cared for the wounded of both sides assisting them in their homes. Truces were made and declined to subscribe to confer generals looking to seal peace. The treaties also signed the union of both peoples and cohabit in the city Romans and Sabines; and that it is called Rome but all Roman receives name Quirites, and that both Romulus (roman leader) and Tatius (sabine leader) reign together and have the command of the troops. This second foundation of Rome had in ad hoc the Diarchy its form
ISSN 2307-3705. Philosophy & Cosmology 2016 (Vol. 16)
133
of government, and the general impression we have of this period is that treated common business without many differences. On the death of Tatius, who was killed, Romulus remained monarch and took command for Romans and Sabines who they coexisted peacefully. Romulus had many admirers and cities of Lazio sought his friendship and alliance. A thirty-eight year reign Romulus disappeared under mysterious circumstances; the causes of his death are unknown.
Romulus personality we not know, other than it was perhaps "robust" probably the most important is that it was clever and very religious. Perhaps we could terminate here this brief summary of the life of the founder of Rome, but there is more. I'll explain below: The Roman rapture wrote an episode of our legal system. In "Roman Law" distinguished between casus fortuitus "fortuitous" and vis maior "force majeure" and both terms under the criterion of inevitability. Therefore, it is even (RO • MA) represents a quantum leap respect of accident, as a result of coming from a fact that could be expected would be inevitable even forever. The facts those are inevitable. Thus in Roman law sometimes it attributed to the debtor subjective responsibility criteria and other criteria of strict liability. The Rape of the Sabine was principle of force majeure or GOD'S HAND. That's Rome.
References
Polybius 2010 — Polybius. The Histories, Charleston, South Carolina, BiblioBazaar, 2010.
Livy 1974 — Livy, Titus. Ab urbe condita, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1974. Dionysius 1971 — Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Roman Antiquities, Earnest Cary,
Edward Spelman, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1971. Pliny 1992 — Pliny the Elder. Naturalis Historia, Harris Rackham, Cambridge, Harvard
University Press, 1992. Tacitus 2011 — Tacitus, Cornelius. The Histories. Clifford Herschel Moore. Charleston,
South Carolina ,BiblioBazaar, 2011. Plutarchus 1952 -Plutarchus, Lucius Mestrius. Parallel Lives, Argentina, Espasa-Calpe, 1952.
Virgil 2004- Virgil, Publius. Aeneid, Madrid, RBA, 2004.
Herodotus 1972 — Herodotus. The Histories, Selincourt Aubrey de, Burn A R, London,
Penguin books Limited, 1972. Hesiod 2004 — Hesiod. Theogony, Apostolos N. Athanassakis, Baltimore, Maryland,
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004. Homer 1991 — Homer. Iliad, Robert Fagles, Bernard MacGregor, Walker Knox,
London, Penguin Books, 1991. Greek Mythology. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2002.
Greek Religion. Encyclopedia Britannica Perseus Digital Library. Gregory R. Crane.
Tufts University,2012. Cabrejas 2014 — Cabrejas, Enrique. Karuo — the Iberian Secret (Book review), Kiev,
Future Human Image 1(4) 19, Scientific Journal, ISPC, Bazaluk O. A., 2014. Cabrejas 2013 — Cabrejas, Enrique. Karuo — El Secreto Íbero, Almería, Editorial Círculo Rojo, 2013.
Cabrejas 2015 — Cabrejas, Enrique. Hijos de Titanes — El Secreto Íbero, Almería, Editorial Círculo Rojo, 2015.
134
ISSN 2307-3705. Philosophy & Cosmology 2016 (Vol. 16)
ISSN 2307-3705. Philosophy & Cosmology 2016 (Vol. 16)
135
