CC BY
13UJ
шши
19. Газпром в 2015 году увеличил экспорт газа на 8% // Вести. Экономика. [Электронный ресурс] - URL: http://www. vestifinance.ru/articles/66147
ROLE AND VALUE OF A MINERAL AND RAW COMPLEX FOR PROVIDING A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMY
D. A. Aytzhanova
leading researcher, Candidate of Economic Sciences, associate professor, Institute of economy of Committee of science, Ministries of
Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan A. T. Tazhbenova
Undergraduate of 1 course, Institute of economy of Committee of science, Ministries of Education and Science of the Republic of
Kazakhstan, Almaty
Theoretical and practical aspects of value of a mineral and raw complex for providing a sustainable development of national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan are researched.
Key words: mining and metallurgical complex, industry, production, export, index of physical amount, foreign trade turnover.
РОЛЬ И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ МИНЕРАЛЬНО-СЫРЬЕВОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Исследованы теоретические и практические аспекты значения минерально-сырьевого комплекса для обеспечения устойчивого развития национальной экономики Республики Казахстан.
Ключевые слова: горно-металлургический комплекс, промышленность, производство, экспорт, индекс физического объема, внешнеторговый оборот.
The mining and metallurgical industry belongs to one of the most competitive and dynamically developing sectors of the industry of Kazakhstan. Over 200 thousand people are engaged in this sector of economy and export opportunities are effectively used. The Mining and Metallurgical Complex (MMC) of Kazakhstan is generally oriented to export of the made products. Russia, China and EU countries treat the main importing countries of the mining industry [1].
The industrial output of MMC has exceeded 3,6 trillion
tenges, i.e. approximately 1 part of production of all industry of RK. In Kazakhstan 30% of world reserves of chrome ore, 25% -manganese ores, 10% - iron ores are concentrated. Inventories of copper, lead and zinc constitute respectively 10% and 13% of world. General geological inventories and forecast resources of coals of Kazakhstan are estimated at 150 billion t. From 105 elements of the table of Mendeleyev in a subsoil of the country it is revealed 99, inventories on 70 are reconnoitered, more than 60 elements are involved in production [2].
Table 1
RK main minerals
Mineral Balance stocks, t The place in the world (on stocks) The place in the world (on the content in ore)
iron ore 18 600 000 000 6 7
manganese ore 635 200 000 4 10
chrome ore 382 700 000 2 1
bauxites 365 400 000 12 н/д
lead 17 200 000 5 41
zinc 39 800 000 5 40
copper 39 300 000 12 63
titan 24 100 000 10 15
tungsten 2 100 000 1 25
gold 2 232,6 15 2
silver 53 204 4 31
tin 69 300 10 23
uranium 1 600 000 2 н/д
coal 150 000 000 000 8 н/д
* There are no data
80
© Aytzhanova D. A., Tazhbenova A. T., 2016
On the total amount of extraction of the RK firm minerals takes the 13th place in the world among 70 mining powers.
Despite a tendency of folding of investing programs in general in the world, RK MMC has breakthrough innovative projects. On amount of investments within the Card of industrialization the last take the 3rd place after such sectors of economy as transport infrastructure and telecommunications, oil processing and infrastructure of an oil and gas complex. Within realization of GP FIIR RK during 2010 - 2014 in sector of ferrous metallurgy are put into operation of 27 investment projects for the sum of 322,8 billion tenges and more than 6,8 thousand new workplaces are created. In sector of nonferrous metallurgy 23 investment projects for the sum of 366,7 billion tenges are realized, 8,2 thousand workplaces are created. In general the economy of RK has received 50 innovative enterprises for production of advanced processing.
In general the economy of RK has received 50 innovative entities on production of advanced processing. So, the project of
The foreign trade turnover of RK in 10 months 2014 was reduced by 8,3% in comparison with the similar period of 2013 because of falling of the world prices for oil and the main exported metals. According to AGMP, the volume of export of the Kazakhstan steel production to the Russian Federation has
production of the burned anodes on JSC Kazakhstan Electrolysis Plant entering into ERG holding is one of the most technological. The new plant JSC Kazchrome MNC which has become synthesis of new technologies of production of ferroalloys is put into operation. The project of production of cathodic copper "New Metallurgy" of the Kaztsink company also belongs to a number of innovative transformations. In Stepnogorsk together with the Japanese company Sumitomo JSC NAC Kazatomprom new production of rare-earth metals is based [3].
Volumes of production of MMC in recent years in general show stable results. The volume of extraction of ores of color metals since 2008 steadily grows (except 2011 when production remained at the level of 2010). Volumes of production of the processing industry show positive results since 2010. But in 2015 decrease in coefficients is noted that it is connected with falling of the prices and delay of rates of economic growth because of what the companies reduce consumption of production of MMC, the markets face surplus.
Table 2
decreased in the 1st half of 2014 by 16%, aluminum - for 26%. Export of copper to the Russian Federation was reduced by 93%, supply of iron ore to China in the 1st half of 2014 has decreased by 41%. The share of MMC in GDP has made 11,5%, to similarly previous years[4].
An index of physical volume of production of MMC (in % by 2014)
Type of economic activity 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Mining industry and development of pits 105,9 107,2 107,2 101,3 100,2 103,1 99,7 97,5
Extraction of coal and lignite 120,0 90,8 104,4 106,0 101,7 100,0 98,1 94,7
Extraction of iron ore 87,6 100,1 113,4 101,7 100,9 98,6 99,4 98,1
Extraction of ores of non-ferrous metals 108,4 107,3 105,7 99,9 106,1 108,8 110,1 106,8
Manufacturing industry 97,5 97,1 113,9 106,2 100,7 101,6 101,0 100,2
Ferrous metallurgy 86,6 101,6 109,4 105,6 88,0 89,6 108,9 97,8
Production of the main precious and non-ferrous metals 104,5 92,0 115,7 107,2 106,9 98,8 96,2 122,9
Production of finished metal products, except cars and the equipment 93,3 102,4 98,2 112,2 97,8 108,5 99,3 85,7
Share of MMC iri structure of GDP
MMC [nPOUE __HT1
Share of MMC in an industrial proizvodst of RK
MMC _ [riPOLJEH H
[nPOUE
Fig. 1 - Share of MMC in structure of GDP and industrial production of RK
In fig. 2 change of amounts of a promyshlennoyproduktion on regions of RK according to data of Committee of statistics of RK, is provided 2015. Apparently from fig., resource-extraction regions of the country concern to leaders of production of an
industrial output (tab.3)
VIO and the characteristic of the operating productions on regions are given in tab. 3.
Fig. 2 - Change of volumes of an industrial output on regions in % by the corresponding month 2014.
Table 3
Indexes of physical volume of an industrial output
Region VIO (%) Characteristic of production
Astana city 112,9 production of commodity concrete, preforms, ready-made feeds, doors and windows from plastic and confectionery has increased
Karaganda 109,5 extraction of copper has increased in a copper concentrate, production of the refined copper, the affined silver, draft copper and a portlandtsement has increased
Jambyl 103,3 production of phosphatic raw materials has increased, production of diesel fuel, gold has increased in Dore's alloy, phosphoric fertilizers and the electric power
Aktyubinsk 103,1 production of copper and chromic concentrates, chrome ores has increased, production of ferrochrome and an oxide of chrome has increased
Kyzylorda 101,7 extraction of uranium and thorium ores has increased, production of natural uranium, iodinated salt, rice and electric power has increased
Southern Kazakhstan 100,8 extraction of uranium and thorium ores has increased, production of natural uranium, diesel fuel, drugs and a cotton yarn has increased
Mangystau 100,6 oil production has increased
West Kazakhstan 99,1 oil production and the natural liquefied gas has decreased, production of diesel fuel was reduced
Atyrau 98,7 decrease in oil production
Kostanay 97,2 production of iron ore pellets, the agglomerated iron ores, asbestos was reduced, production of milk and cars has decreased
East Kazakhstan 95,6 production of zinc concentrates, zinc-lead and copper ores has decreased, production of cars and the raw lead was reduced
North Kazakhstan 94,6 production of skin from skins, sunflower oil, pasta, the oil-field equipment and the electric power was reduced
Almaty 94 roduction of soft drinks, cigarettes, milk, gypsum cardboard and the electric power has decreased
Almaty city 93,9 production of electric transformers, preparations from copper, soft drinks, construction solutions and heat power was reduced
Pavlodar 92,7 extraction of coal has decreased, production of diesel fuel, fuel oil, kerosene and electric power was reduced
Akmola 90,8 extraction of gold-bearing ores and concentrates was reduced, production of natural uranium, bearings and pipes from plastic has decreased
In fig. 3 the main large subjects of RK MMC are presented [5]:
O
o
M
(U t«
'C &
(U
c
(U (L> M tf h-l
f
ERG
world leading group on production and conversion of mineral resources, with the integrated extracting, overworking, energy and logistic entities
Kazakhmys Corporation LLP
completely integrated company; includes all stages from production of ore before production of commodity metal. The core business of limited liability partnership - production and implementation of copper. The copper mining division also performs production as passing products (as zinc, silver and gold)
the large integrated producer of zinc with a big share of the accompanying release of copper, precious metals and lead
the largest entity; integrated by MMC with own coal, iron ore and power supply sources
the national operator RK on export of uranium and its connections, rare metals, nuclear fuel for the NPP, the special equipment, technologies and materials of a dual purpose
the largest in RK, dynamically developing company on coal production by an open method. 70% of everything of the coal extracted in the Ekibastuzsky coal basin fall to its share
JSC Ust-Kamenogorskiytitano-magniyevy kombinat
Temirtausky Electric Steelworks LLP
V
Tarazsky Iron and Steel Works LLP
KSPSteel LLP and others
It is developed by authors
Fig. 3 -StructureofRKMMC
In the forthcoming years the main objective of development of MMC is step-by-step creation of the new processing productions in metallurgy, release of finishing products with the high value added providing increase in production of high-technology products and expansion of its export on the foreign markets, and also requirementssatisfactionofthedomesticmarket.
For the Kazakhstan entities on a market situation of metals negativetrends are noted. Forthe last4yearsofcopperprice are at a minimum level - 6641 dollars/t and on gold - 1199 dollars/ ounce. The price forecast for 2016 for metals neutral as non-ferrous metals sensitively react to state of the economy of China whichtendsdelay.Forferrous metalsandironore thesituationis also not really positive because demand from industrial centers: China and Brazil falls, and the market can react with price decrease.
The RK companies lose the line items in the Chinese and Russian markets. Moreover, now China cardinally changes the relation to ecology in connection with carrying out policy of decrease in pollution. As a result many entities which worked
under an open roof are closed. In Russia demand for the Kazakhstan raw materials generally because of sanctions which oblige many companies to review the programs has decreased. Moreover, the Russian companies are guided by the domestic market more today. Therefore domestic enterprises become noncompetitiveowingtolower pricesofproductsoftheRussian companies [6].
Forming of EEU and Customs union, and also the entry of Kazakhstan into the World Trade Organization will open new opportunities for MMC and will promote expansion of the markets. But upgrade of an industry and optimization of system of state regulation of a complex regarding ensuring macroeconomic stability and enhancement of a regulatory framework are necessary for strengthening of line items of MMCofKazakhstan intheworldmarketsintheconditions of toughening of the competition and instability of world economy. The solution of these tasks is based on creation of effective mining and mining policy in case of observance of the principles of the state and homeland security [7].
ии
The list of the used sources
1. Mishin Yu. Tendencies of globalization of a mining and metallurgical complex / National metallurgy No. 1 2010
2.http://comprom.gov.kz/index.php/ru/otrasli-promyshlennosti/gorno-metallurgicheskij-kompleks/762-itogi-deyatelnosti-gorno-metallurgicheskoj-otrasli-za-2014-god Results of activity of mining and metallurgical branch for 2014
3. Subsurface use: stocks, production, investments 2000-2014//Kazakh-stan, 2015, No. 3. - Page 39.
4.Elektr.http://www.comprom.kz/index.php/ru/deyatelnost-komiteta/gorno-metallurgicheskij-kompleks/55-kratkij-obzor-sostoyaniya-perspektiv-razvitiya-gorno-metallurgicheskoj-promyshlennosti-kazakhstana resource.
5. http://agmp.kz/page/view/o_gmk_kazahstana About MMC of Kazakhstan; http://articles.gazeta.kz/art.asp?aid=58563 Geological faults.
6. http://vnedra.ru/rMK-Ka3axcTaHa-pe3yibTaTbi-npTOpm'eT-1080/ of MMC of Kazakhstan: results, priorities, forecasts.
7. Karenov R. S. Ekologo-ekonomichesky and social responsibility of geotechnological methods of mining - Karaganda: Publishing house HAG, 2011. - 366 pages; Mogi G., Che F., Adachi T. Evoluation of a resources development project using real option analysis// Proceedings of MPES 2005 International Symposium on Mine planning and Equipment Se-lection, Banff, Canada. - 2005. - Pp. 829-853.
РАЗВИТИЕ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ИНСТИТУТОВ КОЛЛЕКТИВНОГО ИНВЕСТИРОВАНИЯ В УКРАИНЕ
Черкасова Светлана Васильевна,
кандидат экономических наук, профессор кафедры финансов, кредита и страхования, Львовский торгово-экономический
университет
В статье рассмотрены тенденции развития институтов коллективного инвестирования. Определена их роль в отечественной системе институциональных инвесторов. Сделан вывод о необходимости усовершенствования государственного стимулирования развития коллективного инвестирования в Украине.
Ключевые слова: институты коллективного инвестирования, институциональные инвесторы, инвестиционные фонды, венчурные фонды, фонды операций с недвижимостью, фонды финансирования строительства.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT INSTITUTES' ACTIVITY IN
UKRAINE
Cherkasova S. V.
PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Professor of Finance, Credit and Insurance Department, Lviv Trade and Economic University
The article scans the tendencies of the collective investment institutions' development. The role of these institutions in the domestic system of institutional investors is determined. The conclusion is that it is necessary to improve the state stimulation of the collective investment in Ukraine.
Key words: collective investment institutions, institutional investors, investment funds, venture funds,
Постановка проблемы. В системе институциональных инвесторов в Украине особая роль принадлежит институтам коллективного инвестирования. В настоящее время этими финансовыми институтами накоплен значительный инвестиционный потенциал. По сравнению с другими видами институциональных инвесторов небанковского типа рассматриваемые институты демонстрируют высокую активность в привлечении средств индивидуальных инвесторов для дальнейшего их использования в инвестиционных операциях. Учитывая возросшую потребность экономики Украины в инвестиционных ресурсах и ограниченность внешнего финансирования, сохранение высоких темпов развития институтов коллективного инвестирования является чрезвычайно важным заданием, реализация которого способна обеспечить ускорение темпов экономического развития страны.
Анализ последних исследований и публикаций. В научных кругах наблюдается значительный интерес к изучению проблематики деятельности институтов коллективного инвестирования. Особенно активно исследователями изучается практика деятельности инвестиционных фондов. В частности этим проблемам посвящены работы А. Каминского, Т. Косовой, О. Колесник, К. Кутрань, Г. Терещенко и других
украинских ученых, в которых рассматриваются вопросы выбора инвестиционных стратегий, особенности инвестиционных решений, инвестиционный потенциал рассматриваемых институтов. В меньшей мере уделяется внимание изучению практики деятельности других видов институтов коллективных инвестиций, функционирующих в Украине, таких как фонды финансирования строительства, фонды операций с недвижимостью. Отсутствует и комплексный подход к изучению особенностей функционирования институтов коллективного инвестирования как элементов системы небанковских институциональных инвесторов в Украине. Деятельность институтов коллективного инвестирования в значительной мере определяет ключевые характеристики системы институциональных инвесторов, которая сформировалась в отечественной практике, и требует глубокого исследования с целью выявления существующих диспропорций и проблем. Вышеуказанные аспекты определили выбор направления научного исследования.
Цель и задачи исследования. Целью данной статьи является изучение современных тенденций развития институтов коллективного инвестирования в Украине, определение существующих проблем в их деятельности и разработка путей их решения.
© Черкасова С. В., 2016
85
