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РОЛЬ И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ФИЛОСОФИИ В ЖИЗНИ ОБЩЕСТВА Ахмедова З.А. Email: Akhmedova1175@scientifictext.ru
Ахмедова Зебинисо Азизовна - заведующая кафедрой, кафедра социальных наук, Бухарский государственный медицинский институт, г. Бухара, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в статье представлен анализ неустойчивого положения философии в архитектонике современного образовательного пространства. Предпринята попытка аргументировать необходимость преподавания философских дисциплин на нефилософских факультетах, а также показана роль философской подготовки в процессе формирования личных качеств и общекультурных компетенций выпускников вузов. Роль философии в жизни общества определяется, прежде всего, тем, что она выступает в качестве теоретической основы мировоззрения, а также тем, что она решает проблему познаваемости мира, наконец, вопросы ориентации человека в мире культуры, в мире духовных ценностей.
Ключевые слова: высшее образование, реформы образования, философия, преподавание философии, роль философии.
ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE LIFE OF
SOCIETY Akhmedova ZA.
Akhmedova Zebiniso Azizovna - Head of Department, DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, BUKHARA STATE MEDICAL INSTITUTE, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article presents an analysis of the fluctuating position of philosophy in the architectonic of modern educational space. The author tries to justify the need of teaching of philosophical disciplines on the non-philosophical faculties, and also show the role of philosophical training in the formation of personal qualities and general cultural competence of graduates. The role ofphilosophy in the life of society is determined, first of all, by the fact that it acts as a theoretical basis of the worldview, and also by the fact that it solves the problem of the cognizability of the world, and finally, the issues of a person's orientation in the world of culture, in the world of spiritual values.
Keywords: higher education, education reform, philosophy, teaching of philosophy, the role of philosophy.
The role of philosophy in the life of society is determined, first of all, by the fact that it acts as a theoretical basis of the worldview, and also by the fact that it solves the problem of the cognizability of the world, and finally, the issues of a person's orientation in the world of culture, in the world of spiritual values.
Philosophy is an extremely generalized, theoretical vision of the world. It differs from both the religious and the scientific way of comprehending reality. It differs from the religious in its rationality, scientific construction and reliance on science. It differs from the scientific one in that it is a generalized understanding of the world whole and the relationship of man to the world.
A philosophical worldview is a theoretical view of the world from the standpoint of an active being who is aware of both himself and what he has to interact with. This is a set of fundamental ideas about man, the world and about man's relationship to the world. These ideas allow people to consciously navigate the world and society, as well as to motivate their actions. Their specificity lies in the fact that they allow extremely widely, within the framework of a certain civilization, to perceive the events that are taking place and at the same time be guided in their actions by the values that are cornerstone for this civilization.
These are the most important tasks of philosophy, and at the same time its functions are world outlook, theoretical-cognitive and value-orientational. Among these functions lies the solution of philosophical questions of a practical attitude to the world, and, accordingly, a praxeological function.
A critical function of philosophy, it fulfills the task of overcoming outdated dogmas and views. This role of philosophy is especially clearly expressed in the works of Bacon, Descartes, Hegel, Marx. Philosophy also performs a predictive function, which is realized in building models of the future.
Finally, an essential place in the arsenal of functions of philosophy is occupied by integrative, consisting in the generalization and systematization of all forms of human experience and knowledge - practical, cognitive, value. Only on the basis of such integration can the problems of harmonizing social life be successfully solved.
Real philosophy is always focused on achieving good, beautiful and sublime, overcoming everything demonic and animal in man and creating a moral man. High moral qualities of a person, as you know, do not arise spontaneously, by themselves, they are often the result of the fruitful work of philosophers.
The ancient Greek philosopher Socrates remarked in one of his conversations that for him "... it seems strange if a person, having undertaken to be a shepherd of a herd of cows and reducing and worsening them, does not admit that he is a bad shepherd; but it is still strange for him if a person, undertaking to be the boss in the state and diminishing and worsening citizens, is not ashamed of this and does not realize that he is a bad boss "Po^b-H-3HaHeHHe-$H^oco$HH-B-®H3HH-o6^ecTBa_3.jpg.
Any policy (economic, technical, in the field of medicine, education, etc.) cannot take a step without coordination with morality, morality. Duality, unreasonableness and amoralism of politics, as well as incorrect philosophical guidelines have always led to disasters, for which there is a lot of evidence, both in history and in modern times.
Philosophy is developed by individual people, but it is not their arbitrariness and whim. "As for individual people, then, of course," notes Hegel, "each of them is a son of his time; and philosophy is also time comprehended in thought". Aristotle called philosophy "the main and dominant science, which all other sciences, like slaves, do not dare to contradict." For Seneca, philosophy is the main means of developing the civic qualities of a person, moral and spiritual valor and intellectual strength.
With all the exaggeration of the importance of philosophy in the life of society, both Aristotle and Seneca correctly noted the leading position of philosophical thought in spiritual culture, and Seneca's remarks about the moral benefits of philosophy retain their significance to this day.
Philosophy, comprehending the historical era, reflects the directions and paths of human development, warns of hidden dangers, This was the case at all sharp turns in history, in all critical historical epochs. The task of modern philosophy is also reduced to this.
Society requires philosophy to answer the following questions: What should the world be like in order for it to correspond to a person? What should be the person himself in order to correspond to the world? Is the world worthy to live in? Is the person himself worthy to speak on behalf of life, does he understand its value?
Answering these questions, philosophy acts as the theoretical basis of the worldview, it offers a system of categories that express the fundamental principles of being, including the specifics of human existence. Such ideological principles include the following statements: The world "was not created by any of the gods, by any of the people, but was, is and will be eternally living fire"; "The world is not meaningless and absurd, but it is in a meaningless state"; etc.
The undoubted merit of modern philosophical thought is the advancement of new values by its representatives.
These include general humanistic, environmental and quality of life values. The value of the quality of life is opposed to the standard of living, mass production and consumption. For a person, his health and happiness, the standard of living is not so important as its quality. It is determined not so much by her comfort as by the kind and humane relations in society, social equality and closeness to nature.
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