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RESULTS OF DETERMINING THE HARDNESS OF THE SEED COAT OF GRAINS GROWN IN MONGOLIA Orkhon Lkhvasvren, Amartuvshin Oidov, Ganbat Balsan, Gangantogos Yadamsuren, Battugs Sukhee Orkhon Lkhvasvren, Amartuvshin Oidov, Ganbat Balsan, Gangantogos Yadamsuren, Battugs Sukhee. (2023) Results of Determining the Hardness of the Seed Coat of Grains Grown in Mongolia. World Science. 4(82). doi: 10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30122023/8067
https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30122023/8067 22 September 2023 30 October 2023 03 November 2023
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RESULTS OF DETERMINING THE HARDNESS OF THE SEED COAT OF GRAINS GROWN IN MONGOLIA
Orkhon Lkhvasvren
Master's student, School of Engineering and Technology, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Amartuvshin Oidov
Doctorant, School of Engineering and Technology, Mongolian University ofLife Sciences,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
ORCID ID: 0009-0007-3696-6228
Ganbat Balsan
Doctorant, School of Engineering and Technology, Mongolian University ofLife Sciences,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
ORCID ID: 0009-0005-0617-302X
Gangantogos Yadamsuren
Doctorant, School of Applied Sciences, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4428-7344 Battugs Sukhee
Ph.D., Professor, School of Applied Sciences, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
ORCID ID: 0009-0005-6479-0018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30122023/8067
ABSTRACT
The objectives of the long-term development policy of Mongolia "VISION-2050" include scientific and knowledge-based development of agricultural production with the sight of sustainable development, the ability to transform knowledge into practice, the introduction of advanced technologies and innovations, the extension of agricultural raw materials and products in a foreign market, suspending the import of certain types of raw materials and products, and increasing exports. In order to determine the hardness of grain seeds, carried out 3-5 repeated experiments and measurements on the laboratory equipment for each grain grade after considering the different levels of moisture and made mathematical and statistical analysis on data of collected samples and processed experiment results.
Citation: Orkhon Lkhvasvren, Amartuvshin Oidov, Ganbat Balsan, Gangantogos Yadamsuren, Battugs Sukhee. (2023) Results of Determining the Hardness of the Seed Coat of Grains Grown in Mongolia. World Science. 4(82). doi: 10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30122023/8067
Copyright: © 2023 Orkhon Lkhvasvren, Amartuvshin Oidov, Ganbat Balsan, Gangantogos Yadamsuren, Battugs Sukhee. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms._
ARTICLE INFO
Received: 22 September 2023 Accepted: 30 October 2023 Published: 03 November 2023
KEYWORDS
Hardness, Statistical Analysis, Seed Coat, Moisture
BASIK OF RESEARCH WORK.
As the development of the countries of the world accelerates, the issue of food supply and food security of the population has become more urgent. National programs are being implemented throughout Mongolia to develop agricultural production and sales network, to fully meet the needs of staple food products domestically, and to support the production of import-substituting and export-oriented products.
In recent years, the annual increase in grain yield and import indicates the interest and need of small machinery for hulling grain suitable for the conditions of our country for individuals and enterprises engaged in production in this field.
The purpose of this research work is to test the hardness of grain seeds depending on its moisture in laboratory conditions, and to determine the results by applying mathematical statistical analysis methods on the numerical data extracted.
RESEARCH MATERIALS AND METHODS.
The experiment will be carried out according to the method of determining the hardness of the seed coat of grains. [4, 5, 6].
The relationship between grain moisture and the hardness of the seed coat is considered a linear and curvilinear relationship.
The mathematical statistical processing is performed on the sample data and quantitative indicators are determined [1].
Grain materials and equipment used for the experiment:
• Laboratory equipment for determining grain hardness (Figure 1);
• Grain moisture meter. (Figure 2. WILE55. Finland);
• Digital microscope. (Figure 3. DM-1000S. China).
1
Figure 1. Experimental and measurement processes during determination of seed hardness.
Figure 2. Moisture meter. Figure 3. Microscope.
RESULT OF THE RESEARCH.
Table 1. shows the results of experiments and measurements that determine the hardness of seeds in relation to the moisture.
Using STATISTICA 21 software, obtained following results of mathematical and statistical analysis of numerical data of collected samples from experimental testing and measuring of grain seed hardness and moisture.
Here, it can be seen that the numerical data of the breaking force of grain hull experiment for each grain corp obeys the normal distribution law with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Dn-criterion.
Including:
Moisture: K - Sd = Dn = axlFn(x) - F(x)l = 0.13389 < D10005 = 0.40925 .
Buckwheat: K - Sd = Dn = maxlFn(x) - F(x)l = 0.11685 < D10005 = 0.40925 .
Wheat: K - Sd = Dn = maxlFn(x) - F(x)l = 0.15352 < D10 0 05 = 0.40925.
Barley: K - Sd = Dn = maxlFn(x) - F(x)l = 0.13138 < DW005 = 0.40925.
Oat: K-Sd = Dn = maxlFn(x) - F(x)l = 0.22364 < D10 005 = 0.40925.
According to the results of the regression analysis of the relationship between the breaking force of grain hull and moisture, the coefficients of determination are R2 = 0.98 - 0.99, which indicates that breaking force of grain hull strongly depends on moisture with 98-99%. (Tables 2-5).
From the result of dispersion analysis, according to Fisher's exact test Fexperiment = (38.74 -384.57) > Ftheory(2,7,0.05) = 19.35 , the curvilinear form of the regression curve is plausible and consistent with a probability of 0.95%.
From the figure, the hardness of the seed coat depending on its moisture can be illustrated (Figure 4).
Table 1. Relationship between seed hardness and moisture, determined as a result of experimental measurements / Amounts are defined as average values of data.
Moisture, % Wheat, H/mm 2 Barley, H/mm 2 Buckwheat, H/mm 2 Oats, H/mm 2
12.5 78.4 58.8 53.9 40.18
14.5 58.8 51.94 41.16 37.24
15.5 51.94 49.98 38.22 34.3
16 50.96 45.08 36.26 24.5
17 49 43.12 34.3 21.56
18 44.1 36.26 31.36 20.58
19 39.2 33.32 29.4 18.62
20 36.26 29.4 22.54 17.64
23.5 27.44 19.6 19.6 15.68
23.7 23.52 17.64 17.64 14.7
Table 2. Results of coefficient analysis of curvilinear regression equation between wheat hardness and moisture.
N=10 Regression Summary for Dependent Variable: Wheat, H/mmA2 R= .989592 RA2= .979293 Adjusted RA2= .973376 F(2,7)=165.53 p<.00005 Std.Error of estimate: 2.5953
b* Std.Err. of b* b Std. Err. of b t(7) p-value
Intercept 211.53 22.655 9.337 0.0000
Moisture, W,% -3.305 0.5777 -14.31 2.501 -5.722 0.0007
WA2 2.351 0.5777 0.27 0.067 4.020 0.0047
Table 3. Results of coefficient analysis of curvilinear regression equation between barley hardness and moisture.
N=10 Regression Summary for Dependent Variable: Barley, H/mmA2 R= .99548035 RA2= .99098113 Adjusted RA2= .98840431 F(2,7)=384.58 p<.00000 Std.Error of estimate: 1.4783
b* Std.Err. of b* b Std. Err. of b t(7) p-value
Intercept 121.47 12.904 9.413 0.00000
Moisture, W,% -1.479 0.3813 -5.53 1.425 -3.880 0.0061
WA2 0.487 0.3813 0.05 0.038 1.277 0.2422
Table 4. The results of the coefficient analysis of the curvilinear regression equation between buckwheat hardness and moisture.
N=10 Regression Summary for Dependent Variable: Buckwheat, H/mmA2 R= .99068459 RA2= .98145596 Adjusted RA2= .97615767 F(2,7)=185.24 p<.00000 Std.Error of estimate: 1.6917
b* Std.Err. of b* b Std.Err. of b t(7) p-value
Intercept 144.91 14.768 9.812 0.0000
Moisture, W,% -3.244 0.5467 -9.67 1.630 -5.933 0.0006
WA2 2.287 0.5467 0.18 0.044 4.183 0.0041
Table 5. The results of the coefficient analysis of the curvilinear regression equation between oats hardness and moisture.
N=10 Regression Summary for Dependent Variable: Oat, H/mmA2 R= .95767471 RA2= .91714085 Adjusted RA2= .89346681 F(2,7)=38.740 p<.00016 Std.The error of estimate: 3.0457
b* Std.Err. of b* b Std. Err. of b t(7) p-value
Intercept 146.70 26.587 5.518 0.0009
Moisture, W,% -4.480 1.1557 -11.38 2.935 -3.877 0.0061
WA2 3.601 1.1557 0.25 0.079 3.116 0.0169
Wheat,H/mmA2 = 211,5261-14.3109*x+0.2734*xft2 Barley,H/mmA2 = 121.4693-5.5276*x+0.0489*xA2 Buckwheat,H/mmA2 = 144.9065-9.6738*x+0.1832*xA2 Oat,H/mmA2 = 146.7037-11.3797*x+0.2456*xA2
W,% Oat, H/mmA2
Figure 4. The graph of the relationship between grain moisture and the hardness.
CONCLUSION.
1. According to the results of the correlation analysis made on the relationships between hardness of grain seeds and moisture, it is possible to conduct a regression analysis between seed hardness and moisture because the hardness of the seeds is inversely related to moisture at values between 0.86-0.994.
2. According to the results of the regression analysis, the hardness and moisture of grains have 2nd degree curvilinear dependency and the moisture is inversely related to the hardness strongly.
3. The mathematical model of describing the relations between seed hardness and moisture has the following form.
Here:
- Wheat hardness=211.53-14.31*W+0.27*W 2;
- Barley hardness=121.47-5.53*W;
- Buckwheat hardness=144.91-9.67*W+0.18*W 2;
- Oats hardness=146.7-11.38*W+0.25*W 2.
4. When seed moisture content of grains increases then the hardness of the grain seed material decreases.
5. It is possible to determine the hardness of the grain seed material at different moisture values using a mathematical model.
6. When the seed moisture content is 12-25%, then hardness of wheat varies between 23.5278.4 N/mm 2 , the hardness of barley is 17.64-58.8 N/mm 2 , the hardness of buckwheat is 17.64-53.9 N/mm 2 and the hardness of oat is 14.7-40.18 N/mm2.
REFERENCES
1. Avdai Ch, Enkhtuya D, (2015) "Methodology of research and analysis", Ulaanbaatar city.
2. "State database of statistics", 1212.mn site.
3. "Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry" , www. mofa.gov.mn site.
4. Amartuvshin O, (2021) "Optimization of technological parameters of small gas-mechanical machine for hulling buckwheat" /Methodology of research work/, Ulaanbaatar city.
5. Yarum, A.I. Improving the technological parameters of grain peeling. Dis. can. tech. Sciences: 05.18.01. Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University - Krasnoyarsk, 2014. - 155 p.
6. Nevzorov, V.N. Optimization of parameters and improvement of grain peeling technology / V.N. Nevzorov, V.N. Kholopov, V.A. Samoilov A.I., Yarum // Vestnik KrasGAU, issue 4, Krasnoyarsk, 2013.- P. 160-165.
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