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ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ НАУЧНОЙ РАБОТЫ
ОРЧЕСТВА
RESOURCE DEGRADATION OF SOLAR PANELS IN CONDITIONS OF OUTER SPACE
Гущин Иван Олегович, Харлашина Софья Вячеславовна, Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени М. Ф. Решетнева, г. Красноярск
E-mail: kharlashina. v@mail.ru
Abstract. In this paper, the problem that affects solar panels is degradation as a result of constant exposure to solar radiation.
Key words: radiation, degradation, solar cells, devices.
The behavior of solar cells in a radiation environment can be described in terms of changes in the parameters of the output parameters of devices. This approach limits the understanding of the physical changes that occur in the device. Because other environmental factors may need to be considered, understanding the physical model provides a framework for evaluating behavior in a complex environment. In addition, the solar panels of the future will become more complex and may use materials that are affected by various aspects of radiation damage. For these reasons, one should be aware of the process of interaction of radiation with matter and understand the physical models describing the processes [1].
Radiation, usually of interest for studying the degradation of materials and devices, consists of energetic or fast massive particles (i.e. electrons, protons, neutrons or ions). The source of these particles can be particle accelerators, the natural cosmic radiation environment, nuclear reactions, or secondary mechanisms such as Compton electrons created by gamma rays. Because they have mass, energy, these particles or other particles generated by them can interact in several ways with materials. The dominant interactions are: inelastic collisions with atomic electrons, elastic collisions with atomic nuclei, inelastic collisions with atomic nuclei [2].
The main types of radiation damage phenomena in solids that are of interest to the developer of solar cells are ionization and displacement of atoms.
Ionization occurs when orbital electrons are removed from an atom or molecule in gases, liquids, or solids. The measure of the intensity of ionizing radiation is an X-ray. This unit is determined by the generation of a charge of 2.58 x10-4 C / kg of air. The measure of absorbed dose in any material of interest is usually defined in terms of absorbed energy per unit mass.
By using the absorbed dose concept, various radiation exposures can be reduced to absorbed dose units that reflect the degree of ionization damage in the material of
ВЕСТНИК НАУКИ И ТВОРЧЕСТВА
interest. This concept can be applied to electron, gamma and X-ray radiation of all energies.
The loss of energy by fast electrons and protons caused by the processes of collision with the electrons of the absorber or the target material accounts for most of the dissipated energy. For electrons and protons in the energy range of 0.1-10 MeV, these collisions of electrons determine the range of particles in the absorber. Despite this fact, another type of collision process is the basis for the damage that constantly destroys silicon solar cells in the space environment. The basis of this damage is the displacement of silicon atoms from their lattice sites by fast particles in a crystal absorber. These displaced atoms and their associated vacancies undergo other reactions and eventually form stable defects that cause significant changes in the equilibrium concentrations of carriers and the lifetime of non-basic carriers [3].
As a rule, the characteristics of solar cells are evaluated in the measuring unit before the elements enter the accelerator unit for irradiation (protons or electrons) and then return to the measuring unit for repeated measurement. However, this "sequential method" requires relatively large quantities of samples that can be irradiated with different amounts of electrons/protons with different acceleration energies in order to fully reveal the degradation properties of solar cells.
Modern space solar cells with a triple junction contain three types of solar cells made of different materials stacked in layers.
Their decomposition behavior is more complex than that of traditional single-junction solar cells, which consist of a single type of material.
Consequently, many expensive and time-consuming irradiation experiments with different amounts of electrons/protons with a range of energies are required [4].
Solar battery companies or space agencies usually do not have their own accelerators. Instead, they use special accelerators for irradiation. Such facilities usually pay attention only to the qualities of proton-electron beams, such as uniformity and stability. As a result, no modern teaching methods have been developed to assess the radiation degradation of solar cells.
Литература:
1. Деградация солнечных батарей. SOLARPANEL.TODAY [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: https://solarpanel.today/degradaciya-solnechnih-paneley
2. Зи С.М. Физика полупроводниковых приборов. - М.: Сов. Радио, 1984.
3. Денисов С.П. Ионизационные потери энергии заряженных частиц // Соровский образовательный журнал (СОЖ). - 1999. - № 11. - С. 90-96.
4. Состояние и тенденции развития твердотельных фотопреобразователей солнечной энергии / Ю.Е. Николаенко, Н.М. Вакив, С.И. Круковский, В.Ю. Ерохов, И.И. Мельник, И.Р. Завербный // Технология и конструирование в электронной аппаратуре. - 2001. - № 3. - С. 21-30.
