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6Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
RESEARCH ON BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION OF CITRIC ACID FROM KHOREZM RED POMEGRANATE JUICE
d https://doi.org/10.24412/2181-1784-2022-5-346-350
Baltaeva Inobat Komiljon kizi
Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Food Technology Sanobar Achilova Sabirovna Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Food Technology, PhD
Arislonboeva Bonu Gayrat kizi
UrDU Faculty of Chemical Technology, student of food technology
This article presents the results of a study of the possibility of obtaining citric acid from pomegranate juice. The composition of red pomegranate in khorezim was analyzed. According to this, it was shown that up to 9% of citric acid can be obtained from the pomegranate.
Keywords: Citric acid, vacuum filter, crystallization, aspergillus niger, gypsum, evaporation, activated charcoal, neutralization refractometer.
В данной статье представлены результаты исследования возможности получения лимонной кислоты из гранатового сока. Проанализирован состав красного граната хорезима. По этому было показано, что из граната можно получить до 9% лимонной кислоты.
Ключевые слова: лимонная кислота, вакуум-фильтр, кристаллизация, aspergillus niger, гипс, выпаривание, активированный уголь, нейтрализационный рефрактометр.
INTRODUCTION
Sour fruit juice is rich in antioxidants, carbohydrates, vitamins, citric acid is one of the most important organic substances in the human body. The most convenient sour fruits for the separation of citric acid are pomegranate and lemon. Because their concentration of citric acid is 6-9%. In terms of applications of citric acid, citric acid is used in the food industry in confectionery, soft drinks, manufacturing, textiles, dyeing, photography and medicine. According to estimates, Uzbekistan's demand for citric acid is more than 10,000 tons a year. These raw materials are mainly exported to our republic from russia at the expense of currency. Therefore, the launch of citric acid production is a topical issue today.
ABSTRACT
АННОТАЦИЯ
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5
educational, natural and social sciences ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
Pomegranate juice, citric acid, vacuum filter, crystallization, aspergillus niger, gypsum, evaporation, activated charcoal, neutralization refractometer.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
The neutralization process is carried out in a special equipment neutralizer, which in turn is equipped with a mixer and steam batteries. The separation of citric acid from pomegranate juice is based on the formation of its low solubility in the three calcium salts of citrate. The liquid is heated to boiling point and lime or chalk milk is added under continuous stirring. Neutralization is completed when the nutrient pH is 6.8-7.5. The following acid salts are formed. C6HgOy + 3Ca(OH)2 = Cas^HnOy) + H2O Citric acid calcium carbonate
C6H12O7 + Ca(OH)2 = Ca(C6HiiOy) + 2 H2O Gluconic acid calcium gluconate
C2H2O4 + Ca (OH)2 = CaC2O4 + H2O Oxalic acid calcium oxalate
Calcium citrate and oxalate precipitate, and mineral residues remain in solution in the form of calcium glucanate. Calcium citrate, oxalate solution is separated in a vacuum filter and thoroughly washed in hot water. Calcium citrate and a certain amount of water are mixed in a flask and activated charcoal is added. The mixture is heated to 60 0 c and poured into it while mixing sulfuric acid. The mixture is boiled for 10-20 minutes. Calcium citric sulfuric acid decomposes according to the following equation.
Ca3(C6HsOy)2 +3 H2(SO4) = 2C6HgOy + 3CaSO4 Pomegranate has many useful properties. it contains vitamins, macro-elements and amino acids. these inorganic substances have a positive effect on human health. 100 g of fruit contains 14% carbohydrates, 1% protein, 72% water, potassium from macro elements, maintains optimal blood pressure, improves heart function. Calcium and phosphorus maintain the strength of bone tissue, magnesium prevents the development of allergies, participates in sodium water metabolism, iron is an integral part of hemoglobin and prevents the development of anemia.
We took red pomegranate juice and determined the extraction of citric acid in it and the amount of sugar in the laboratory under a refractometer. To obtain citric acid, we took 400 ml of pomegranate juice in a measuring tube and placed it on a water bath heated to 30-40 ° c, poured 30 ml of a saturated solution of calcium chloride into
the juice, stirring well, and again stirred a little. After adding the required inorganic
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
substances to the solution, we boiled it in a water bath for another hour, and we see that a precipitate begins to form under the boiling tube. the precipitate at the bottom of the tube is a mixture of calcium salt and gypsum. In a separate flask, pour 200 ml of water and 200 ml of sulfuric acid in equal amounts and add 1 g of activated charcoal, then lower the flask into a water bath heated to 75 ° c for 10-15 minutes. The formation of citric acid under the influence of temperature is shown in the diagram below.
The effect of heat on the formation of citric acid from pomegranate juice
We filter the citric acid in the mixture through a filter to separate it from gypsum and coal. The sediment in the filter is thoroughly washed three to four times with clean water. Since the gypsum and coal have not been completely removed, the precipitate is filtered in a buchner funnel, and the precipitate is thoroughly washed with boiling water until the reaction of the chloride ions with the silver nitrate salt is complete. Filter the precipitate, add 4 g of barium chloride, filter again, the solution becomes syrupy and cool to 6-8 °C. When we cool, we add less citric acid crystals to form crystals faster. We filtered the precipitated crystals and dried them on filter paper. When we measured the crystals, 8 g of citric acid was formed.
Composition of pomegranate juice
Vitamins
Vitamin PP 0.4mg
Vitamin A 0.03 mg
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
Vitamin Bi(Thiamine) 4mg
Vitamin B2(riboflavin) 0.04mg
Vitamin B5(pantothenic acid) 0.01mg
Vitamin B6(pridoksin) 0.5mg
Vitamin Bipolar acid) 05mg
Vitamin C 18mg
Prof Vinarova developed and implemented methods of optimal technological design of modular devices for the production of citric acid from various substrates. Thus, to date, it has gained considerable experience in the field of extraction and production of citric acid. However, under industrial conditions, aspergillus niger is mainly produced by periodic underwater fermentation of sugarcane in an environment containing sugar and starch.
CONCLUSION
Pomegranate and lemon fruits grown locally contain more than 10 macro and micro elements necessary for the human body, 2-3% of sugar and 7% of citric acid. Physicochemical parameters of citric acid obtained on the basis of local sour fruit juices were determined mainly in accordance with GOST 31 726-201 2.
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