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Section 2. Food processing industry
https://doi.org/10.29013/AJT-21-7.8-6-9
Azimov Yusuf Khidirovich, Assistant of the Department of Food Technology of Products of the Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute, Uzbekistan, Karshi
Akhmedov Azimjon Normuminovich, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Acting Professor of the Department of Food Technology of Products of the Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute, Uzbekistan, Karshi
E-mail: a.ahmedov80@mail Rakhmatov Eldor Raykhonovich, Assistant of the Department of Food Technology of Products of the Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute, Uzbekistan, Karshi,
Shoymardonov Ulmasbek Bolta ugli, Master's student at Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute, Uzbekistan
Giyasov Javlonbek Shavkatovich, Researcher of the Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute, Karshi
RESEARCH OF THE PROCESS OF PURIFICATION OF SOY OILS GREATED IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. This article provides information that when refining local soybean oils, you can use 2-3% of water by weight of the oil during its hydration and alkali with a concentration of 200-250 g / l during refining (based on the crude oil index), where we can get the highest yields and quality of the resulting product.
Keywords: Soy, soybean oil, alkaline purification, hydration, refining.
Introduction: The country's oil and fat compa- large amounts of food phosphatides are converted nies process an average of 100,000 tons of soybean into soap stock and are not used for useful purposseeds per year, where with an average oil yield of es. In addition, the high content of phospholipids 18.07%, oil production is about 18,000 tons. Effec- in soap stock complicates the process of soap stock tive refining of this amount of soybean oil is very im- dilution, working with acid and obtaining crude fatty portant and requires reducing waste, optimizing aux- acids [1, p. 4-5; 2, p. 49-52; 3, p. 102-103]. iliary materials and energy consumption. Currently, Therefore, it is recommended to first hydrate the due to the fact that oil refineries carry out the process soybean oil for pressing and extraction oils, and then of alkaline soybean oil refining without hydration, alkaline refining, since the theoretical and practical
significance of this issue is very high, and the economic efficiency is high.
V. N. Martovshuk et al. In their work [4, p. 2-4; 5, p. 28-31; 6, p. 315-318; 7, p. 1-9] classify cottonseed and soybean oil as difficult to cleanse vegetable oils. In this regard, in the process of refining soybean oil, it is necessary to use the technology of stepwise refining, which makes it possible to consistently obtain accompanying substances in soybean oil.
To maximize the separation of phospholipids in soybean oil, we used a laboratory device that allowed us to vary the amount of water in a wide range [8, p. 120-121]. Freshly prepared press oil was obtained for the experiment [9, p. 392-395].
Materials and methods. The article uses modern methods of chemical, physico-chemical and other analyzes with the processing of the results by statistical methods.
Analyzes of hydration of soybean oil were carried out according to the method described in the "Guide to research methods, technological control and accounting for production in the oil and fat industry" [10, p. 101-135; 11, p. 115-129].
- the oil content in the processed materials was determined by exhaustive extraction in the apparatus Zaichenko and Naaba [11, p. 115-129];
- the moisture content of oil-containing materials was analyzed by the gravimetric method [12, p. 1-18];
- the mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances was determined by the method [13, p. 1-23];
- non-fatty impurities in oil were analyzed according to [14, p. 1-8];
- the mass fraction of phospholipids was determined by the semi-micro method in terms of% stearooleocytin [15, p. 78-83];
- the color of cottonseed oil was determined using a Lovibond color meter according to O'zDSt 1199: 2009 [16, p. 1-10; 17, p. 75-78].
Results. Indicators of hydrated oil in the experiments: acid number - 2.5 mg KOH/g, color - 50 mg J2. Phosphorus content - P - 0.0085%, P205-0.04227%, phosphatides - 0.47980. The experimental results are shown in (Table 1).
Distilled water consumption for hydration ranged from 1.0 to 6.0% by weight of oil.
Table 1. - Influence of the amount of water supplied to the hydration process on the performance of soybean oil
No. Amount of water. % Acid number. mg KOH/g Humidity.% Output.%
Hydrotational sludge Butter
1. 1.0 1.98 0.04 2.91 95.93
2. 2.0 1.94 0.04 3.93 96.42
3. 3.0 1.87 0.05 4.52 96.71
4. 4.0 1.79 0.05 5.84 95.81
5. 5.0 1.66 0.06 6.91 95.31
6. 6.0 1.64 0.06 7.43 94.89
It should be noted that the addition of 2.0% water to the oil accelerates the separation of the hydrated sediment from the oil, which is very important in the process of continuous hydration.
Therefore, it is optimal to obtain 2-3% water in relation to oil for carrying out the process of hydration of soybean oil for pressing, and this is recommended for industrial use.
Soybean oil, like other vegetable oils, is obtained by pressing and extraction methods. We studied the process of oil refining from soybeans grown in the country. For this, the soybeans were first ground into a powdery powder. Then, in the laboratory, the oil was obtained by pressing using a laboratory press. The amount of oil obtained was measured and its quality analyzed. The moisture content of the obtained oil
was 0.26%, the acid value was 2.5 mg KOH/g, the refractive index at 30 °C was 1.466, the iodine value was 92% J2, and the chromaticity was 30 J2.
The resulting oil was refined in the laboratory using caustic soda solutions with a concentration of 150, 200, 250 g/l to make it usable in accordance with the requirements of the standard. The alkali
Table 2. -Influence of alkali concentration
temperature was 25-30 °C, the oil temperature was 60 °C, and during the soap stock coagulation, 4% of water by weight of the oil was added. The excess alkali was 0.5% by weight of the oil.
Then the purified oil was filtered from the soap stock and analyzed. The results obtained are presented in (table 2).
on the efficiency of soybean oil refining
Name of indicators Alkali concentration g/l
150 200 250
Moisture oil,% 0.2 0.2 0.2
Acid number, mg KOH / g 0.34 0.27 0.24
Refined oil output,% 96.4 94.8 93.1
Soap stock yield,% 7.5 9.1 9.8
Oil color, J2 6 6 5
Discussion and Conclusion. As can be seen from the data in (Table 1), as the amount of water supplied to the hydration process increases, the amount of hydrated sediment increases, the yield of hydrated oil and the amount of acids decrease, and the moisture content of the hydrated oil increases.
With an increase in the water content from 1.0 to 3.0%, the yield of hydrated oil increases from 95.93 to 96.71%, and the precipitation of hydration increases from 2.91 to 4.52%. However, a subsequent increase in the water content from 4.0 to 6.0% leads to a decrease in the yield of hydrated oil from 95.81 to 94.89% and an increase in the hydrated sediment from 5.49 to 6.95%. During the experiments, the acid number of the hydrated oil decreased from 1.98 to 1.64 mg KOH/g, and the moisture content of the oil increased from 0.04 to 0.06%
The data in (Table 2) show that alkaline refining of soybean oil leads to an improvement in its quality indicators. When the concentration of alkali increased from 150 to 250 g/l, the oil yield decreased from 96.4 to 93.1%, and the soap stock yield increased from 7.5 to 9.8%. However, the color of the oil and the amount of acids also decreased. Including acid number decreased from 0.34 mg KOH to 0.24 mg KOH, color from 6 to 5 J2.
Thus, summarizing the results of the study, we can conclude that when refining local soybean oils, you can use 2-3% of water by weight of the oil during its hydration and alkali with a concentration of 200-250 g/l during refining (based on the crude oil), where we can get the highest yields and quality of the resulting product.
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