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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/AJT-17-3.4-31-35
Akhmedova Aziza Akmalovna, Tashkent chemical-technological institute, assistant Axmadjonov Sardorbek Axmadjonovich, Tashkent chemical-technological institute, Bachelor-student Teshabaeva Elmira Ubaydullaevna, Tashkent chemical-technological institute, Head of department "Technology of Higher molecular compounds and Plastics"
Hamrokulov Gofurjon, Tashkent chemical-technological institute, professor
Ibadullaev Akhmadjon, Tashkent chemical-technological institute, professor E-mail: [email protected]
Research of the influence of the modified carbon on the properties of rubber compounds
Abstract: The modified carbon is characterized by its difference of chemical compositions from known brands of low structural technical carbons, T 900, T 701, T 705, P 803, namely, with the increased maintenance of oxygen and hydrogen. Study of extraction products of modified carbon testifies to the presence of organic compounds, finish on a surface of carbon particles to 12 %. The element composition has been determined: carbon-92,11%, hydrogen-5,70% and oxygen-2,19 of %. Gross formula of extract is C54 H40 O. Average number molecular weight according to the gel-chromatography makes ~700. Introduction of the modified carbon in composition of rubber compounds reinforces interphase interacting on boundary line «rubber-fillers» and formations of additional bonds between macromolecules of rubber and functional groups of oligomer, as a result, complex enhancement of properties of compositions is observed.
Keywords: carbon, properties, compositions, rubber compounds, elastomeric, plastic, elastic, structure.
Introduction. One of effective ways of improvement of properties of rubber compounds is application of new fillers different from structure and properties to which number refer to the modified carbon. Earlier [1] it has been shown that the modified carbon can be used in the capacity of filler by the manufacture of elastomeric compositions. Physical and chemical properties of modified carbon: specific conditional surface-19-24 m 2/g, specific adsorption surface on nitrogen (method BET) - 85-90m 2/g, Iodic number - 100-110 of mg/f, Absorption of dibutylphthal-ate - 170-180 ml/100 g, pH water suspension-6-8. Ele-
ment composition: carbon-88-90%, hydrogen-3-4%, oxygen-6-7. Ash content - 0.8%. Apparent density-156 g/1000 sm 3. Average diameter of particles - 45-70 of nm.
Research objects and methods. The influence of the modified carbon, which is a secondary material of the manufacture of acetylene, on technological properties of rubber compounds on the basis of caoutchoucs SRI-3 and nairite KP-50 has been investigated. Investigated rubber stocks was contained modified carbon from 10 to 60 mass f. on 100 mass f.of caoutchoucs. For comparison the mixes loaded with technical carbon P 803 were taken.
Mixes were made on laboratory rollers, and also in the plenum chamber Plasticord Brabender of type Piy-151 in volume of 75 sm 3 at a rotational speed of rotors of 30 min.-1 and chamber initial temperature 343 ± 3 K. The extent of volume filling of the chamber made 70%. Fillers were input into the chamber after preliminary mastication of rubber within 3 minutes. On the gained dependences of a torque moment of M on a time from plastogramms parametre ofworkability (!) was counted [2]. The extent of mastication of mixes M /M , relative increment of
max. min
the maximum torque moment at introduction of filler ofM ,, conditional speed of mastication V and the
J rel/ L mast.
maximum value of temperature in mixing chamber T .
i C> max
Extrudability of rubber stocks was studied by means of an attachment, using dies d = 3 mm and tip "Garvey". Samples were extrude at a rotational speed of the screw of20-120 min.1 and temperature 293-363 K [3].
Plastic- elastic properties of rubber compounds were defined in accordance with SS 1020-95-rigidity and elastic recovery of elasticity on Defoe; in accordance with SS 10722-94-viscosity on Mooney (ML4-373).
Results and discussion. In the course of mixture of rubbers with modified carbon of M. considerably increas-
es in process of filling of the chamber with materials and attains the maximum magnitude upon termination ofloading and depressing of the overhead gate, then the twisting moment starts to decrease as a result ofa leakage ofprocesses of a mechanodestruction of a rubber phase of a mix, and also an increase of temperature in the chamber. On the basis of gained plastogramm, showing changes oftorque moment in a time (16 min.), characteristics of rubber stocks (fig. 1) was counted. It was determined that in process of increase in the mixture time it is observed gradual rubbing in and absorption of filler by rubber. Thus the best rubbing in and filler absorption are observed in case of mixture of rubber with the modified carbon, than with technical carbon P 803. It proves to be true rather smaller value ofMf that in turn leads to the best workability and M /M . Mixture process influences
' max min i
not only on filler type, but also on the elastomer nature. So, at filling up of SRI-3 by the modified carbon (to 40 mass f. on 100 mass f. caoutchouc) values Aand M /M . sharply
7 max. mm. i '
decrease, and at further (> 40 mass f.) raise of the maintenance of the modified carbon these values do not change practically. While at filling up ofnairite KP-50 the modified carbon (to 40 mass f.on 100 mass f. caoutchouc) increases Àand M /M decreases.
1,3 ^
300
■p
U 200
U 2
100 0
2 ^ y ^ y ^
s Sf / i i 6 1 1
15
10
20 40
Content of filler, mass.f.
60
Figure 1. Workability change A, plasticizing capacity Mmax/Mmin. (a), a relative torque moment of Mre| and masticating speed Vmast — (6) rubber stocks on the basis of rubbers SRI-3 (1), nairite KP-50 (2) depending on the maintenance of modified carbon (—) and technical carbon P. 803 (-)
At introduction of the modified carbon into the composition of elastomers it is also observed essential growth of Mrel and increase of VPa (fig. 1,). Thus the character of change of M , , V „ depending on filling up extent is
O rel. and mast. -t O O r
defined by a rubber phase of a mix and filler. For example,
M .and V „ mixes on the basis of rubbers SRI - 3 and
rel. mast.
nairite KP-50 continuously increases with the growth of extent of filling up by the modified carbon and P 803 to 40 mass f. on 100 mass f. of cauchouc.
The mixes containing modified carbon, lead to rather smaller parametre of M elastomer composition, especially in a case nairite KP-50. The conducted researches
showed rather smaller rise of temperature of the chamber (Tmax) at raise of volume filling by a rubber stock with the modified carbon in comparison with P 803 (fig. 2).
Figure 2.Changing of temperatures of the chamber in the course of mixture (for 15 min.) rubber stocks on the basis of SRI-3 (1) and nairite КР-50 (2) depending on the maintenance of the modified carbon (—) and technical carbon P 803 (-)
In the table the change of plastic-elastomeric characteristics of rubber stocks depending on the maintenance of the modified carbon is shown. From this table it is visible that with increase in the maintenance of the modified carbon in rubber stocks their rigidity, viscosity
monotonously increases, plasticity and elastic recovery decreases. However on an absolute value of technological parametres the mixes containing modified carbon and technical carbon P 803 are discriminated among themselves slightly.
Table 1. - Plastic-elastic properties of rubber compounds on the basis of SRI-3 and nairite КР-50 filled by modified carbon and technical carbon P 803
Content of filler, mass. f. ML 4- 373 К Р, rel . un. RD, N EL, mm
SRI-3 КР-50 SRI-3 КР-50 SRI-3 КР-50 SRI-3 КР-50
МУ 0 31 62 0,78 0,62 2,6 6,1 0,5 3,1
20 39 70 0.76 0,49 3 6,5 0,4 2,5
40 44 80 0,7 0,4 3,5 9 0.4 2,2
60 51 98 0,64 0,31 6 13 0,3 1,8
P 803 20 39 69 0,7 0,55 3,1 7 0,3 2,1
40 42 78 0,64 0,42 4,5 10 0,3 1,8
60 49 90 0,62 0,38 5 17 0,2 1,6
Research of the extrudability of rubber stocks filled with modified carbon, showed that with increase in its maintenance pressure of a material of Pm in the extrusion head (essentially raises at P = const) (fig. 3). Quantitatively this effect is much less in comparison with P 803. For example, at 40 mass f. modified carbon and technical carbon P 803 on 100 mas. n. rubber SRI-3 and nairite KP-50 value of Pm makes 17,1 and 17,7 MPa, 18,2 and 18,8 MPa accordingly. Introduction of the modified carbon into the composition of elastomeric compositions also essentially changes the character of dependences of the volume charge of mixes at extrusion from pressure in
head (fig. 4). Besides decrease in Pm in the presence of the modified carbon the slope angle, a straight considerably decreases and, hence, a heat release at extrusion in comparison with P 803. So, the maximum difference of temperature AT at processing of the rubber stocks containing 40 mas. n. The modified carbon and technical carbon P803 on the basis of SRI-3 and nairite KP-50, makes 16 and 21 °C, 18 and 24 °C accordingly. Consequently in the presence of modified carbon the probability of premature vulcanization of rubber stocks decreases and the possibility of an intensification of process of extrusion by increase in a rotational speed of the auger is provided.
Figure 3. Changes of pressure in a head (Рм) at extrusion of rubber stocks on the basis of SRI-3 (1) and nairite КР-50 (2) depending on the maintenance of the modified carbon (----) and technical carbon P 803 (-) (Т = 363 К, n = 120 min.-1)
Figure 4. The characteristics (dependence IgQ-lgPJ process of extrusion of rubber mixes on the basis of SRI-3 (1), nairite КР-50 (2), containing 40 mass f. modified carbon (----) and technical carbon P 803 (-), (Т = 363 To, n = 120 min.-1)
The influence of the modified carbon on the capacity of rubber stocks to energy storage of elastic deformation at conversion was valued by measuring of an extent of extrudates swelling (ES). In fig. 5 it is shown the variation of ES of rubber compounds with the various maintenance of the modified carbon and technical carbon
P803. It is visible that dependences have extreme nature. An optimum dosage of the modified carbon and technical carbon P803 in this case makes 40-50 mass f. on 100 mass f. of caoutchouc. Significant reduction of ES is observed in the mixtures containing modified carbon
Figure 5. Change of extent of extrude swelling of rubber stocks on the basis of caoutchoucs SRI-3 (1), nairite КР-50 (2) from the maintenance of modified carbon (----) and technical carbon P 803 (-) (Т = 363 K, n = 120 min.1)
Surfactants from the secondary intermediates used in oil and gas industry
Conclusion. Thus, the gained results show enhance- filled with modified carbon in comparison with techni-ment of technological properties of the rubber stocks cal carbon P 803.
References:
1. Ibodullaev A. S., Teshabaeva E. U., Seydabdullaev Y. O., Issledovaniya uglerodistogo materiala i ego vliyanie na svoystva kabelnix rezin//Jurnal "KomPozitsionnie materiali" - Tashkent, - 2015. - No. 3. - P. 25-28.
2. Uralskiy M. L., Gorelik R. A., Bukanov A. M. Kontrol i regulirovanie texnologicheskix svoystv rezinovix smesey. -M.: Ximiya, - 1983. - 126 p.
3. Vostraknutov E. G., Novikov M. I., Novikov V. I., Prozorovskaya N.Ya. Pererabotka kauchukov i rezinovix smesey (reologicheskie osnovoi texnologiya, oborudovanie). - M.: Ximiya, - 1980. - P. 280.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/AJT-17-3.4-35-37
Mirzaakhmedova Mavlyuda Ahmedjanovna,
Senior Researcher. Institute of Common and Inorganic Chemistry Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, E-mail: [email protected]
Surfactants from the secondary intermediates used in oil and gas industry
Abstract: In this article the scientific and practical experience and developed oligomers of polyols are readily soluble in water and exhibit surface-active properties of dispersed systems. Given surfactant successfully employed in oil and gas obtained from secondary intermediates chemical companies Keywords: SAS, olygomers, GMTA, synthesis, demulsifiers, glycerin, oligomerization.
Amphiphilic surface-active agents (surfactants) are widely used in oil and gas production as emulsifiers, stabilizers, nucleators, demulsifiers and various disperse systems for effective management of their properties. The most selective nonionic surfactants are of species that differ in their colloid-chemical and other performance indicators, especially with dehydration and desalting of crude oils with commercial preparations to transport them for processing.
Technology for producing non-ionic surfactants are based on the esterification reaction of carboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols oligomers. Oligomers polyhydric type "Laprol" alcohols were obtained by oligomerization of di-ethylene glycol (DEG) or diethanolamine butanediol with hexamethylenetetramine (GMTA) in alkaline medium.
Optimization of conditions for the above processes oligomerization polyols employing a laboratory setup with a change in temperature, time and ratio control, reacting the reaction components.
1. nNH^C-NH^mC^O ^^(-CH2NH-C0-NH-)n+mH20
<-CH2-NH-C0-NH-CH2-NH2-)n+mH20
O
Carbamide
+NH3
OH
CH-.
OH-
2. nCH2-CH2-CH-CH 3+mCH20 ^-(CH2-CH2-CH-CH3)n+mH20
OH DEG
. . . -CH-OH Oligomer
Yield glycerol oligomers, diethanolamine DEG with decomposition at GMTA 6CN2O 4NH3 and at the given
conditions above are functional and adequate reactions are not due to differences in their reactivity. Moderate
