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TECHNOLOGY OF MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS OF THE TEXTILE
AND LIGHT INDUSTRY
RESEARCH OF PRINTING PROPERTIES OF PAPER CONTAINING POLYESTER (LAVSAN)
FIBER WASTE
DOI: 10.32743/UniTech.2024.124.7.17994
Ulbosin Eshbaeva
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of "Materials Science and Technology of New Materials", Namangan Institute of Engineering Technology, Uzbekistan, Namangan Email: [email protected]
Nargiza Alieva
Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs, Ph.D., Tashkent Institute of Economics and Pedagogy, Uzbekistan, Tashkent Email: [email protected]
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПЕЧАТНЫХ СВОЙСТВ БУМАГИ, СОДЕРЖАЩЕЙ ОТХОДЫ ПОЛИЭФИРНЫХ (ЛАВСАНОВЫХ) ВОЛОКОН
Эшбаева Улбосин Джамаловна
д-р техн. наук,
профессор кафедры Материаловедение и технология
новых материалов, Наманганский инженерно-технологический институт,
Узбекистан, г. Наманган
Алиева Наргиза Бахтихозиевна
проректор по учебной работе, доктор философии по техническим наукам Ph.D., Ташкентский экономико-педагогический институт,
Узбекистан, г. Наманган
ABSTRACT
In the article, samples of paper containing cotton cellulose, and polyester (lavsan) fiber waste were taken, and experimental paper was used for a complete and comprehensive opinion on the technological description of the transfer of dye to the surface of the printed material during the printing process; printing properties of samples; the amount of dye transferred to the printed material during the different applications of dye to the printing mold; assessment of the importance of controlling the characteristics of the distribution of paint on the surface of the printed material, the thickness of the amount of paint transferred to the surface of the printed paper, and the accuracy of the image contours are carried out.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В статье взяты образцы бумаги, содержащей хлопковую целлюлозу, и отходы полиэфирного (лавсанового) волокна, а также использована экспериментальная бумага для полного и всестороннего заключения по технологическому описанию переноса красителя на поверхность печатного материала в процессе печати. процесс печати; печатные свойства образцов; количество красителя, перешедшего на печатный материал при различных нанесениях красителя на печатную форму; Проведена оценка важности контроля характеристик распределения краски по поверхности печатного материала, толщины количества краски, перенесенной на поверхность печатной бумаги, точности контуров изображения.
Библиографическое описание: Alieva N.B., Eshbaeva U.J. RESEARCH OF PRINTING PROPERTIES OF PAPER CONTAINING POLYESTER (LAVSAN) FIBER WASTE // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2024. 7(124). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/17994
Keywords: cellulose, paper, fiber waste, polyester (lavsan) synthetic fiber, breaking length, ashiness, bending resistance, adhesive, polymer, and emulsion.
Ключевые слова: целлюлоза, бумага, отходы волокна, полиэфирное (лавсановое) синтетическое волокно, разрывная длина, зольность, устойчивость к изгибу, клей, полимер и эмульсия.
Introduction
Taking into account the shortage of wood raw materials for Uzbekistan, the wide use of non-wood alternative raw materials of various plants, annual plant waste, and chemical and textile industry waste for the production of paper products is promising. Various nonwood alternative crops and plants including cotton pulp, hemp, cotton husk, wheat and rice straw, corn and peanut stalks, licorice, cane, hemp, etc. can be used to prepare paper. Currently, compositions and technologies for paper production from registered annual plants have been developed. Production of cellulose from nonwoody alternative annual and perennial plants is mainly carried out by cooking methods - sodium and sulfate. The easy solubility of lignin of annual and perennial plants in alkaline cooking solutions allows the use of less alkali and lower temperature in sodium cooking [1].
Cotton pulp is an expensive raw material. The technology of paper production from cotton cellulose on an industrial scale does not have economic efficiency, but adding waste from the textile and chemical industry to paper pulp solves the problem of efficient and rational use of raw materials and saves valuable cotton cellulose [2].
This scientific work is planned to improve paper production and technology by incorporating polyester (lavsan) fiber waste, which is widely used in the textile industry, into cotton cellulose. In the production of printing paper, the use of valuable cotton cellulose partially from industrial waste with polyester (lavsan) fiber serves to increase the assortment of paper in the production of paper products at local enterprises, and at the same time, it serves to reduce industrial waste ecologically, and at the same time, in what proportions from secondary fibers allows to determine the appropriateness of use [3].
Research methods
Taking paper samples and evaluating their quality was carried out in the test center of the Global Komsco Daewoo JV paper factory under the approved technological regulation. Samples containing cotton
cellulose fibers and polyester (lavsan) fiber waste were taken in different proportions. Grinding of fibrous materials was carried out on the "Massrollye-22.5" device. The degree of crushing of cellulose fibers was determined as 50-55° Shopper-Ringler. Samples were made on the sheet molding machine of the company "Rapid" (Germany). Cotton pulp was milled to 5055 °SHR to obtain paper containing cotton cellulose and polyester (lavsan) fiber waste, weighing ~ 80 gr/m2, then cleaned to prepare printing paper, 2 -5 mm length was mixed with polyester (lavsan) fiber waste [4].
Additional fillers and adhesives were added to the composition of the paper pulp. The composition of the paper pulp and the consumption of materials for 1 t of paper were as follows: Cotton cellulose 0-100%; polyester (lavsan) fiber waste 2-50%; kaolin (Al2O3-2SiOs-2H2O) -145 kg/t; A mixture of tar acids containing rosin glue (S20N30O2) -25.7 kg/t and Al2(SO4)318H2O consisting of aluminum sulfate and modified cationic starch (MCS), carboxyl-methylcellulose NaCMC and acrylic emulsion composition were selected in this order. The technological sequence of obtaining experimental paper is presented in Fig. 1.
After preparation, the sample papers were dried in a press vacuum dryer for five minutes, and the physical properties of the base paper were tested according to GB/T 24323 (2009) [3].
The future of the market of new composition paper products, which consists of cotton cellulose and polyester (lavsan) fiber waste with unconventional quality characteristics, is closely related to innovations. The use of different fiber materials simultaneously allows to significantly expand the range of paper products and to give certain properties to the paper composition. In this work, the grinding of fibrous raw materials, the pulp of which is mainly made of cotton fibers, and the preparation of paper pulp was carried out by GOST 14363.4-89. Pulp grinding was done at 550 SHR. The length of polyester (lavsan) fiber was determined from 2 mm to 5 mm. Kaolin and paper adhesive compounds were included as fillers in the prepared paper mass (Fig. 1).
Figure 1. Paper production technology scheme containing polyester (lavsan) fiber waste
Printing properties of experimental paper samples; the amount of paint transferred to the printed material, the characteristics of the distribution of the paint on the surface of the printed material, and the thickness of the amount of paint transferred to the surface of the printed
paper (this is the importance of controlling the accuracy of the contours of the image) the following experimental paper samples were selected for improvement (Table 1).
Table 1.
Research objects
Sample paper № Fibrous composition of samples
№1 1. 100 % cotton pulp (CP), rosin glue in mass
№2 2. 80% cotton pulp and 20% polyester (lavsan) fiber waste (PEFW), modified cationic starch in mass (MCS)
№3 3. 80% cotton pulp and 20% polyester (lavsan) fiber waste, sodium carboxylmethylcellulose in mass (NaCMC)
№4 4. 80% cotton pulp and 20% polyester (lavsan) fiber waste acrylic emulsion in mass (AE)
Results and discussion
The smoothness of the paper. In the printing process, it is necessary to create the necessary contact between the printed elements of the printing mold and
the surface of the paper to transfer the paint to the surface of the printed material. But in some cases, the paper surface is not smooth. The smoothness of the paper surface affects the uniform distribution of the printing ink on the paper in printed images [5].
12 3 4 5 papertype
Figure 2. Smoothness of experimental papers
The surface smoothness of papers obtained by the experimental method meets the requirements specified in the regulatory documents, even if they have not undergone the calendering process. In all samples of MCS, NaCMC, and AE glues, which are used instead of rosin glue in the process of making paper, the fiber reacts with the functional groups of the macromolecules in the paper mass and provides a certain level of smoothness on the surface (GOST 12795).
The absorption properties of the paper affect the uniformity of the images when the ink layer is printed on the paper surface, as well as the color properties of the copy. Therefore, printing technical indicators describing the interaction of paper with paint is also important [6]. It is of great importance to determine the elastic properties of paper using the xylene method. It is of great importance to determine the properties of paint absorption into the porosity of almost all printing papers. Analysis of the obtained results is presented in Figure 3.
12 3 4 5 papertype
Figure 3. Absorbency properties of experimental papers
As can be seen from this figure, the experimental paper samples have different xylene absorption times. The elasticity of the paper concerning the printing ink reached values higher than 12-14 seconds in the 4th and 5th samples with synthetic polymers. It can be concluded that the porosity and volume of paper capillaries decrease when synthetic polymers are added to the paper mass. Not only the size of the pores, but also the nature of the synthetic polymer the molecules of the fibers in the paper, and the oleophilic-oleophobic properties of the absorbed substance affect the absorption of liquid into the porosity of the paper. It should be noted that the acceptance of paper dye is
determined not only by the molecular and structural nature of the paper but also by the dye.
Uniformity of images. The uniformity of printed images depends on the smoothness, whiteness, porosity, roughness, and elasticity of the paper surface. The impact of paper with printing ink and its penetration into the thickness of the paper sheet is determined by the viscosity indicators of printing ink [7].
It is known that fluctuations of optical density in halftones are most noticeable to the eye. Therefore, the uniformity of printed images during the printing process is evaluated in images with optical density D=1.3-0.9. The obtained results are presented in Table 2 below.
Table 2.
To determine whether the paper will accept the ink and how the image ink will feel on the back of the copy
Indicators name Paper types, No.
1 2 3 4 5
In white paper 0,011 0,018 0,002 0,008 0,005
Uniformity of printing in the printed copy 0,025 0,031 0,015 0,021 0,014
As can be seen from the obtained data in Table 2, in the paper samples with MCS, NaCMC, and AE polymer glues, the image dye was not noticeable on the back side of the copy. When synthetic fiber waste is included in the composition of the paper pulp, it is observed that the paper becomes porous. On a paper sample with high porosity, the ink may seep into the internal porosity and be slightly noticeable on the back of the printed copy. In all types of samples with 20 percent polyester (lavsan) fiber waste included in the cotton cellulose composition, it was not observed that the color of the printed image
was felt on the back side of the copy. It was determined that the image printed on all samples conforms to the normative document GOST 24356-80.
Transfer of ink to paper. The amount of ink transferred to the printed material, the amount of ink in the printing plate, g/m2 (or layer thickness, mkm) (gf or hf - h in general), and the interaction of the ink with the paper the actual size of the area Seff, that is, according to y=f(x,Seff), Seff is equal to the thickness of the paint layer passing from the mold to the printed material [8].
Table 3.
Determination of the dye absorption coefficient of the paper
Paint colors The mass of the paint in the mold, g The mass of paint on paper, g Separation coefficient Paint transfer,%
until print after print
Cyan 1,536 1,2544 0,2825±0,0004 0,2252 44,5±0,9
Magenta 1,553 1,2661 0,2838±0,0004 0,2241 48,4±0,6
Yellow 1,525 1,2536 0,2712±0,0004 0,2163 47,9±0,5
Black 1,597 1,2884 0,3075±0,0004 0,2386 49,5±0,7
From 27% to 50% dye transfer from the mold is explained by the selective absorption and strengthening of the dye due to the micro geometry (smoothness) of the paper surface and the swelling property.
The analysis of the obtained results shows that the amount of paint thickness transferred to the paper surface of Yellow, Magenta, Cyan and Black colors shows high saturation. The optical density values of the primary colors printed with Triad inks conform to European standards ISO 12647-2. It has been proven that the thickness of the paint layer in printed copies depends on the smoothness of the surface of the printed material, as well as on the properties of the paint flow supplied to the printed elements in the printing mold in the contact area.
Optical density properties. Optical density is a quantity that describes the degree of attenuation of optical radiation of dyes in layers due to the absorption and scattering of light when passing through the studied layer. The optical density is expressed by the decimal
logarithm of the ratio of the radiation flux $0 falling on the layer to the radiation flux $ passing through or reflected from this layer [9] :
D = Ig $0 When light passes through layers,
D = DT = -g- = —IgT
here t- conductivity.
When light reflects off a layer,
-
D = Dp = Ig- = -Igp
(1)
(2)
(3)
here p- reflection coefficient. The optical density of the printed copies was determined using a densitometer (Table 4).
Table 4.
Determination of optical density properties
Indicators name Paper types, No.
1 2 3 4 5
The thickness of paint transferred to the paper 2,1 2,2 2,1 2,1 2,1
Optical density, Dop.d. 1,20 1,14 1,18 1,32 1,28
R, % 47,1 45,5 48,4 49,2 48,7
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Conclusion
density properties are 1.32 and 1.28. It should be noted that this is related to the smoothness of the surface of the experimental papers and the absorption of printing ink, that is, the properties of absorbency. It has been proven that the inclusion of polymer glues in the composition of paper pulp increases the smoothness of the paper, gives it softness, and at the same time improves the ability to accept printing ink.
From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the transfer of the printing ink from the mold to the paper is determined, first of all, by the degree of interaction of the ink with the paper surface. It can be seen from the obtained data that the thickness of the paint transferred to the sample paper and optical we can see that the
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