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ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
RESEARCH OF INSTRUMENTS FOR AUTOMATION OF WELL
PUMPS
Baatarkhuu Dorjsuren1
Доктор технических наук Монгольский Аграрный Университет.1 г.Улан-Батор
Amgalanzul Jargalsaikhan2
магистр тех.наук Монгольский Аграрный Университет.2 г.Улан-Батор
Ganbold Davgadorj2
магистр тех.наук Монгольский Аграрный Университет2 г.Улан-Батор
АННОТАЦИЯ
Скотоводы нашей страны до сей день из грунтовых вод, пойт свойх скотов ручным или переносным насосом внутрен-ного сгорания, которая по своей эффективности не удовлетворяет потребность из-за затрат времени и экономический убыточные. Кроме того скоты идущий на водопой 30% времений тратить от времений пастбищ.
Для районов где Государство взяла под свою охрану как заповедник были открыты глубоко грунтовые колодца работа-юций на солнечных батареях, но в некоторых колодцах есть серьёзные недостатки. Недостаками являются что выбуренная вода без выгод свободна уходит обратно в грунт.
Чтобы решить все эти не достатки предлагаю систему автоматического удравления глубоко грунтовых вод.
ABSTRACT
Most herder irrigate their cattle from normal mining well by pull out water by bucket and some of them using small water pump which uses benzene as a fuel in our country. The pulling out water by bucket is requires a lot power from herder and also spends a lot time. On the other hand the cattle spending 30% of its pasture time around the well. Government solved the watering system to rare wild animals in national protected lands by connecting solar panel to water pump. But the system always works during sunny time and spending much water without users in waterless region. To solve these problems we are created the automated watering system with movement sensor on solar powered water pumping system and used it on live.
Ключевые слова: Насос постояного тока, аккумулятор, сольнечная батарея, датчик воды, сольнечная батарея, датчик воды, система автоматического управления.
Keywords: Movement sensor, water level detector, automate controlling system.
INTRODUCTION
Mongolia has mainly nomadic in the countryside. Watering system at villages resolved by mechanically but for nomadic herding watering the herder uses pulling water out with bucket by hand and also small water pump. Those watering systems use much manpower and time. Therefore we purposed to make the watering system with automate controlling to save manpower, money and time.[1]
METHODS AND MATERIAL SECTION Gobi does not have surface water commonly therefore we choose Delgertsogt soum of Dundgovi province as an object of research. We counted the all wells and all cattle and we found the most useful well to set up the automated watering system.
The system has movement sensor in it and the sensor feels animal when they approach to well and switches on pump. Water tank also have some sensors which are capable to determine upper
and lower water levels. Hand pulling wells have disadvantage of freezing at winter time for automatically operated wells it could be controlled by placing the lower level sensor almost at the bottom of the water tank. When sensor locates at the bottom of tank the cattle will drink most of water and until to the sensor or bottom of tank come out the motor pump will not work. This automatically operated well can be used to supply water for normal cattle, farmers and wild rare animals without any human participation.
RESULTS
The biggest well of the Delgertsogt soum of Dundgovi province was Khunkhar's well at Tsakhiurt bag and numbers of cattle is counted during cattle revision of 2014. Table-1 shows the structure of all cattle which are use the water from Khunkhar's well and their capacity of water drinking. [1].
Table 1
Structure of cattle and capacity of water drinking
№ Type of cattle Number Capacity of water drinking, l Cattle volume, m2 Water drinking time, min Total volume of water, l
1 Goats and sheep 2892 4.5 0.35 2 13014
2 Cows 147 48 0.85 3 7056
3 Horses 188 42 0.85 3 7896
4 Camels 9 90 0.95 5 810
5 Total 3236 28776
Delgertsogt soum has totally 96 wells and their information are given following diagrams. Total wells capacity at Delgertsogt soum (April. 2015)
Number of total cattle from 96
wells
9063
450
2100 1536 2367 2610
Camel Horse Beef Sheep Goat Total
Diagram 1. Number of total cattle that are drinking water from wells at Delgertsogt soum
Diagram 2. Average number of cattle for one well
Diagram 3. Average volume of drinking water from one well per day
We have created an automate controlling system which tank from well. Following circuit shows the general layout of is workable without human participation to pump water to instrument of automation of well pump.
Figure 1. General layout of instrument of automation of well pump
When cattle comes to well movement (2) sensor sends the information to controlling panel (3), controlling panel switches on pump (6). When water level increases to upper level sensor (7) pump will switch off. When cattle drink water the lower level sensor (8) comes dry and pump will switch on again. The automated water pump system has independent power system with solar panel (1). Battery (4) will be charged at day time and power will be saved and stable.
Automated controlling block is fixed to ATMEGA 32 board and programmed by SI system. System operation information is transferred to LCD display. Movement sensor and water levels sensors are send the information to controlling board through relay and will control the pump. Picture-2 shows the circuit principle of automate controlling system.
Figure 2. Circuit principle of automate controlling system
Power of automate controlling panel can be supplied power from solar panel and the system can work safely and stable.
Figure 3. General circuit of automate operated well pump with solar power energy sources. 1-solar panel, 2- controlling panel, 3- charge controller, 4-microcontroller, 5- movement sensor, 6-battery, 7-well, 8- pump, 9- upper water level sensor, 10- lower water level sensor, 11-electrode, 12-water tank, 13-water outlet pipe
Following photo taken during experiment at Khunkhar's well Delgertsogt soum, irrigating the cattle by our created new automate operated water pumping system.
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Figure 4. Locating the automate operated irrigating system to well.
30 cows came to well during the experiment and system worked well, pumped water to the tank.
Figure 5. Irrigating cows by automate operated water pumping system.
The system worked well during the experiment. To install the all system at well we need to ensure safety and stability of controlling panel, movement sensors and also battery for future.
CONCLUSIONS
We made following conclusions from project of "Research of instruments for automation of well pumps".
1. Total budget to automation of well pump system was 530600 MNT and estimated repay time was around 0.4 year.
2. If one herder has 3236 cattle, he needs to pull out 1933 times, 15l of bucket water from 5m deep well to irrigating his all cattle in one day. This system can eliminate the all of those manpower using work.
3. We can save 3925 MNT in a day from using pump fueled pump by installing the solar panel to the system.
4. Efficiency of economic can be increased. Herder can save 1432650 MNT in one year only from fuel spending of pump.
5. This system fully capable to use for wild animal irrigating at solitude and can save ground water comparatively to using system now.
REFERENCES:
Books
[1] Baranchuluun. Sh, Chandmani. D, Dugarmaa. M "Graziery improvement" UB., 2004 year;
[2] Buuveibaatar. R, Amgalanzul. J "Renewable energy laboratory work book". UB., 2012 year;
[3] Batdelger. B 2010 year;
'Atlas Mongolian of Solar Energy". UB.,
Web sites
[4] www.Eic.mn;
[5] www.Icc.mn;
[6] www.dundgovi.gov.mn
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE EFFECT OF THE REGULAR SHAPED ROUGHNESS FORMATED BY USING NEW KINEMATICAL SCHEME FOR SURFACE PLASTIC DEFORMATION PROCESS ON
THE NUMBER OF CYCLES TO FATIGUE FAILURE OF STAINLESS
STEEL 304L (CR18NI8)
Slavov Stoyan Dimitrov
Ph.D., Assoc. prof., Department of Technology of Machine Tools and Manufacturing
in Technical University of Varna, Bulgaria
Dimitrov Diyan Minkov Ph.D., Chief assistant, Department of Theoretical Mechanics in Technical University of Varna, Bulgaria
ABSTRACT
This work presents the results of an experimental research, conducted to identify the level of the effects of certain regime parameters of the finishing process Surface Plastic Deformation (SPD), conducted under a new kinematic scheme, using machine tools with CNC control on the fatigue life of the specimens, made of stainless steel grade 304L ASTM (Cr18Ni8). The individual steps of the study methodology and the elements of the used experimental setup are described. The obtained results are reported and the Pareto and ANOVA analyses are performed to clear up the main effects of the tested regime parameters and the significant interaction between them. Based on the obtained results, some conclusions and recommendations, concerning the application of the SPD process, conducted under a new kinematical scheme, are made.
Keywords: surface plastic deformation process, regular shaped roughness, fatigue life, PARETO, ANOVA.
Introduction.
Most of the machine parts during their exploitation life are exposed to time-varying loads. During such loading, localized plastic deformation may occur. This plastic deformation induces permanent damage to the component and a crack develops [11]. The crack grows progressively and leads to sudden rupture of
parts. This phenomenon is called fatigue failure. The main cause of fatigue failures is the presence of defects on the workpiece surface, such as scratches, sharp edges, cracks, etc. They act as a stress concentrators. As a result, fatigue cracks initiate and develop in depth and shortly thereafter the part breaks down.
Figure 1. Characteristic curve of fatigue [3]: 1 - before and 2- after application of the SPD process.
Various studies show that there are indications that the finishing method, called surface plastic deformation (SPD) and its variant vibratory surface plastic deformation (VSPD), gives good results in increasing fatigue life for various metals and alloys [1,2,3,5]. For example, comparison of the fatigue curves before (curve 1) and after (curve 2) the application of SPD, are
shown on Figure 1. It is seen that after SPD treatment, fatigue strength limit is significantly increased, compared to parts, threated with some of the existing traditional methods of finish machining (c"-1 > c'-1). The left side of the fatigue curve 2 has smaller slope than curve 1, which represents a specimen, not treated by SPD. Figure 1 shows that the number of cycles N2 to
