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9ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, СИСТЕМЫ, МАТЕРИАЛЫ И ПРИБОРЫ
ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES, MATERIALS, SYSTEMS, AND INSTRUMENTS
Статья поступила в редакцию 03.08.12. Ред. рег. № 1385 УДК 539.21
The article has entered in publishing office 03.08.12. Ed. reg. No. 1385
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ДЛЯ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В ЭНЕРГЕТИКЕ В ИНСТИТУТЕ ФИЗИКИ ТВЕРДОГО ТЕЛА ПРИ ЛАТВИЙСКОМ УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ
А. Штернберге, Л. Гринберга
Институт физики твердого тела при Латвийском университете
Латвия, Рига, LV-1063, ул. Кенгарага, д. 8 Тел.: (+371) 67187816, (+371) 67132778; e-mail: ISSP@cfi.lu.lv
Заключение совета рецензентов: 20.08.12 Заключение совета экспертов: 25.08.12 Принято к публикации: 30.08.12
Материаловедение - одно из приоритетных направлений науки в Латвии. Институт физики твердого тела при Латвийском университете - лидер междисциплинарных исследований и исследований различных материалов в Латвии, имеющий признание и за рубежом. Основная цель исследований - создать базу для исследований материалов и проблем химии и физики твердого тела, делая уклон в область нанотехнологий, что позволило бы развивать высокие технологии уже в производстве страны. Чтобы достичь этой цели, необходимо сохранить и развивать человеческие и материальные ресурсы, включая инструментальную базу, экспериментальные ноу-хау, технологии, уже имеющихся специалистов и обучение молодых. Исследования в ИФТТ включают в себя электронные и ионные процессы в широкозонных полупроводниках с различной степенью упорядоченности; функциональные органические материалы и полимеры для фотоники и электроники; мультифункциональные и гибридные материалы для использования в энергетике: светодиоды, фотоэлектрические элементы и покрытия для солнечных панелей, хранение водорода для топливных элементов, электролиз и процессы в плазме для производства водорода, полимерные ионопроводящие мембраны для топливных элементов и разделения газов; неорганические монокристаллы, керамика, стекла, тонкие пленки и наноструктурированные материалы для применений в оптике, электронике, фотонике и энергетике.
Ключевые слова: материаловедение, нанотехнологии, материалы для энергетики.
RESEARCH OF ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY APPLICATIONS AT INSTITUTE OF SOLID STATE PHYSICS OF UNIVERSITY OF LATVIA
A. Sternbergs, L. Grinberga
Institute of Solid State Physics; University of Latvia 8 Kengaraga Street, Riga, LV-1063, Latvia Tel.: +37167187816, +37167132778; e-mail: ISSP@cfi.lu.lv
Referred: 20.08.12 Expertise: 25.08.12 Accepted: 30.08.12
One of the scientific priorities in Latvia is material science. The ISSP UL is an internationally recognized institution, a leader in the field of materials sciences and cross-disciplinary fields in Latvia. The main research objective of these cooperation projects is to build-up of a domestic research potential in the fields of material and solid state physics and chemistry with an emphasis on nanoscience that is a necessary condition for future high-tech industrial developments in the country. This task will be implemented by maintaining and further developing of both human and material research environment in Latvia, including instrumentation, experimental know-how, technologies, human work force and educational potential. The research of the ISSP includes electron and ion process in wide-gap materials with different degree of ordering; functional organic molecules and polymers for photonics and organic electronics; multifunctional and hybrid materials for energy applications: light emitting diodes, photovoltaic elements and coatings solar batteries, storage of hydrogen for fuel cell devices; electrolysis and plasma technologies for hydrogen production, polymer membranes with ionic conduction for fuel cells and gas separation; inorganic single crystals, ceramics, glasses, thin films, and nano-structured surfaces for application in optics, electronics, photonics and energetics.
Keywords: materials science, nanotechnologies, materials for energy.
International Scientific Journal for Alternative Energy and Ecology № 09 (113) 2012
© Scientific Technical Centre «TATA», 2012
Andris Sternbergs
A. Sternbergs is Director of Institute of Solid State Physics of University of Latvia already 8 years. He is Academician, Dr.hab.phys. (from 1999). Education: Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia (1970); Dr.phys. received from Institute of Physics, Latvian Academy of Sciences (1978), the Theses "The features of phase transitions and electrooptic properties of La-doped Lead Zirconate-Titanate and Lead Scandate-Niobate ferroelectric ceramics". Scientific interests: Ferroelectrics: structure ordering and phase transitions in perovskite compounds; properties and application; Field induced and diffused phase transitions in ordinary ferroelectrics and relaxors (incl. transparent ferroelectric ceramics); Radiation effects on ferroelectric materials; Processing and properties of ferroelectric thin films and heterostructures; Dielectric, electromechanical, optical and electrooptical characteristics; High temperature superconductor ceramics and films; composites high temperature superconductor/ferroelectric. Plasma physics, design of materials for tentative application in the ITER, nanotechnologies, nanomaterials, energy. Over 150 published works in specialized scientific journals and proceedings of conferences.
History
The research in solid state physics at the University of Latvia restarted after World War II. The Institute of Solid State Physics (ISSP) of the University of Latvia was established on the basis of Laboratory of Semiconductor Research and Laboratory of Ferro- and Piezoelectric Material Research in 1978. Since 1986 the ISSP has the status of an independent organization of the University and now is the main material science institute in Latvia.
Four laboratories from the Institute of Physics of the Latvian Academy of Sciences joined our Institute in 1995. Twenty scientists of the former Nuclear Research Centre joined the ISSP in 1999 and established Laboratory of Radiation Physics. In 2004 scientists from the Institute of Physical Energetics joined ISSP and established Laboratory of Organic Materials. In mid 90-ties the ISSP has intensified its teaching activities. A number of researchers have been elected as professors of the University of Latvia. Post-graduate and graduate curricula were offered in solid state physics, material physics, chemical physics, physics of condensed matter, semiconductor physics, solid state ion conducting materials and experimental methods and instruments. In 2002 the Chair of Solid State and Material Physics University of Latvia was established at ISSP.
Research and training in optometry and vision science is taking place in the Laboratory of Visual Perception of the ISSP since 1992. Co-located with the Institute, the Optometry Centre has been established in 1995 with facilities for primary eye care and serving as a technological research basis for students and staff.
In December 2000 the ISSP was awarded the Centre of Excellence of the European Commission (Centre of Excellence for Advanced Material Research and Technologies). This honorary recognition with the accompanying financial support of 0,7 million EUR has increased our research activities, particularly extending the list of our research partners and scientists who come to work to our Institute from the leading European research centers.
The highest decision-making body of the ISSP is the Scientific Council of 22 members elected by the employees of the Institute. The International Supervisory Board of ISSP LU was established in 1999. It consists of 17 members representing Europe, Russia, USA and Japan and being selected from distinguished scientists in the field of material sciences.
Nowadays ISSP UL staff includes 105 academic personnel: 78 researchers with Dr. habil., and Dr. degrees, 27 PhD students and 22 bachelor and master students, though the number of students are changing year by year.
Laboratory of Hydrogen energy materials was founded on 2005 as part from Solid state ionic Laboratory. Fast ion transport and intercalation properties in different transition metal oxides were studied from middle of 1970ies in connection with electrochromic phenomena and gas sensing properties.
Structure of ISSP UL Research units:
• Department of crystal and optoelectric materials
- Laboratory of magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Laboratory of optical spectroscopy
- Laboratory of semiconductor optoelectronics
- Laboratory of wide band gap materials
• Department of photonic materials physics
- Laboratory of solid state radiation physics
- Laboratory of surface physics
- Laboratory of amorphous materials spectroscopy
- Laboratory of organic materials
- Laboratory of optical recording
• Department of ferroelectrics
- Laboratory of synthesis and processing
- Laboratory of physics and application of functional materials
- Laboratory of visual perception
• Department of semiconductor materials
- Laboratory of solid state ionics
- Laboratory of EXAFS spectroscopy
Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 09 (113) 2012 © Научно-технический центр «TATA», 2012
Энергосберегающие технологии, системы, материалы и приборы
- Laboratory of hydrogen energy materials
• Department of theoretical physics and computer
modeling
- Laboratory of kinetics in self-organizing
systems
- Laboratory of computer modeling of electronic
structure of solids
• Laboratory of radiation physics
• Laboratory of electronic engineering
Available technologies and characterization methods at ISSP UL
Technologies:
- High temperature crystal growth
- Sintering of ferroelectric ceramics
- Pulsed laser deposition (PLD)
- Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)
- Organic thin film deposition
- Chalcogenide films for holographic recording
- Modification of materials by laser radiation in infrared - vacuum ultraviolet range
Analysis and characterization methods:
- Theoretical calculations and computer simulations using Latvian SuperCluster
- X-ray structural and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal optical microscopy in conjunction with Raman and luminescence spectroscopy, various scanning probe microscopy techniques (AFM, STM, SNOM)
- Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy in visible, ultraviolet and vacuum-ultraviolet ranges, a number of different luminescence spectroscopy techniques and time resolved spectroscopy in picosecond time range with electron gun and pulsed laser excitation
- Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
- Electro-optic and non-linear optic methods and ellipsometry
- Holographic recording techniques
- Dielectric and photoconductivity measurements
- Cryogenic equipment for electrical and optical measurements at temperatures 10 - 600K
Strategy of ISSP UL
The strategy of the ISSP UL is based on scientific experience, quality of performance and an original interdisciplinary approach. At the same time, discussions with the society of Latvia and drawing young, talented people to a career in exact sciences are among priorities of ISSP UL.
Main directions of research at the ISSP UL are:
- Electronic and ionic processes in wide-gap materials of different degree of structural ordering;
- New materials for radiation detectors, imaging and special transformations, investigations of up-conversion
luminescence, magnetic resonance investigations of structure of self- and radiation defects;
- Processing of surfaces of inorganic materials -single crystals, ceramic glasses, thin films, nano-structured surfaces for optics, electronics and energetics;
- Investigations of micromechanical properties of surfaces, interfaces and thin films, adhesion, interfacial effects and related phenomena on contact surfaces and phase boundaries in nanostructured and heterogeneous systems, size effects in micro- and nanoscale indentation;
- Design and construction of instruments and sensors for environmental monitoring;
- Synthesis of ferroelectric ceramics including wide range of traditional compositions and development of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric thin films for future thermonuclear reactor diagnostics applications;
- The practical studies of a diagnostics of large scale innovative glass coatings for energy effective architecture and demanding applications such as antireflective, greenhouse and framing;
- New materials and devices for hydrogen production by electrolysis, bio-hydrogen production in anaerobic fermentation process, hydrogen storage in metal hydrides and composites, proton exchange membranes and electrodes for fuel cells, rechargeable MH/Ni and lithium batteries;
- Novel nano-sized materials, experimental methods and procedures for x-ray absorption spectra data analysis by combination of modern experimental techniques with advanced data analysis methodologies, including the use of high performance cluster computing;
- Experimental and theoretical investigations of nuclear structure at middle and high energies and looking for application of group theory methods for nuclear theory;
- Synthesis and preparation of amorphous chalcogenide semiconductors and their thin films for optical recording and holography;
- Design of thin solid films of organic molecules and polymers, investigations of an energy structure of thin organic films, optically induced switching of optical and electrical properties in thin films, nonlinear optical phenomena in host- guest polymer films and photo-electrical and electro-optical properties of thin organic films for photonics and organic electronics;
- Theoretical plasma physics, calculations of kinetics of bimolecular reactions and self-organization in condensed matter, an atomistic computer simulations of perfect and defective crystalline bulk, surfaces and nanostructures;
- Studies of novel vision technologies and development of sight-care equipment.
Vital issues, challenges and opportunities for the medial term strategy of ISSP UL in the framework of the scientific triangle Research - Education - Innovation are based on project realization that corresponds to basic formulation of Latvia Council of Ministers on
International Scientific Journal for Alternative Energy and Ecology № 09 (113) 2012
© Scientific Technical Centre «TATA», 2012
Development of S&T for 2009-2013 and Latvia sustainable development strategy 2030 and New Renaissance strategic view of the ERA and the Plan Europe 2020.
The Institute's strategy of development 2010-2016 will be implemented:
- By running continuation of Programme of Excellence Centre of Advanced Materials Research and Technology (CAMART) in unity with NRP in "Material sciences";
- By construction and equipping of "clean room" laboratory adopting EU Structural funds 'For R&D and scientific infrastructure advancement' - ERAF 2.1.1.3.1.;
- By taking active position in organization and consolidation of Latvia National Research Centres (NRC) and become an essential player of NRC on R&D&T of nanostructured multifunctional materials);
- By taking an action in creation and development of Competence centre in a cooperation with industrial partners expecting to employ EU Structural funds, administrated by the Ministry of Economics;
- By joining the 7FP projects and preparation for participation in the next FP activities;
- By extending international cooperation and access to "large facilities".
Co-operation and projects of ISSP UL
The ISSP UL is the coordinator of a number of research and development cooperation projects on functional materials and nanotechnologies in Latvia, including National Research centre, research programmes and co-operation projects. ISSP is coordinating institution for the National Research Program (NRP) in "Material Sciences" and collaborates as well in the NRP "Energetics" (project on hydrogen technologies).
Furthermore, the Institute participates in the ERANET MATERA network, EURATOM, EFDA, JET and Fusion for Energy (F4E) projects and several FP7 projects, including 'CATHERINE' (Carbon nanotube technology for high speed next generation nano-interconnects), 'NASA-OTM' (Nanostructured surface activated ultrathin oxygen transport membranes), illustrating capability to productively take part in research that is at the fore of its discipline.
At ISSP UL the Latvian Nanostructured Material Research Centre (LATNANO-C) is under construction as a part of ERDF project "National research centre of functional and construction materials and its technologies" (Figure).
Functional structure of LATNANO-C
Composition Properties and
and structure characterization
control
Technologies and processing
Morphology Application
and structuring assessment
Структура функций LATNANO-C Functional structure of LATNANO-C
The methods that will be employed to create and maintain the functional structure of LATNANO-C will involve five complementary and mutually reinforcing parts (see figure 1). During the first phase (2012-2014) over 3 MEUR will be invested in clean room facility and equipment. After concluding second phase (2015-2017) LATNANO-C will serve as an essential European research infrastructure for processing and study of nanostructured materials equipped with advanced technological and research facilities.
There are carried out RTD projects in co-operation with technology-oriented Latvian enterprises as well, e.g., Sidrabe, Alfa, Alfa Pro, Baltic Scientific Instruments, Valmieras Stikla Skiedra (Valmiera glass fibres). Two SMEs (Hologramma Ltd., Dardedze Holografija Ltd.) are established at the Institute as a spin-off of research projects.
ISSP UL is going to continue its development, building on its policy of scientific experience, national involvement and international collaboration and is committed to play an essential role in high-tech development in Latvia in the 21st century.
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