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Joniqulov B.R.
Gulistan State Pedagogical Institute
REGIONAL ORGANIZATION OF WORKING FORCES IN SIRDARYA
REGION
Abstract. This article analyzes the state of organization of production forces of the Syrdarya region and the natural geographical factors affecting the organization. The organized state of the rural economy of the Syrdarya region is classified with statistical data. It is justified that the industry of the region, rather, than the specialized branch of the region, is closely related to agriculture, mainly cotton growing.
Keywords: productive forces, region, agriculture, product, industrial enterprises, gross product, labor force.
Syrdarya region includes the appropriated parts of Mirzachol and partly the lands of Kyzylkum. There is a lot of land suitable for development in the region. However, due to some inconveniences inherent in nature, a lot of labor and money have to be spent on agriculture. To eliminate the inconveniences of nature, it is necessary to establish surrounding tree groves, dig ditches to drain underground water, and wash the soil. 2.5% of the country's population lives in the Syrdarya region. More than 90% of the population lives in irrigated areas. To develop new lands, workers from other regions were recruited. Now the region is provided with its labor force to a certain extent.
The basis of the regional economy is agriculture. In terms of the size of cultivated areas, the region ranks first in the republic. Syrdarya region provides 3.6% of the agricultural products of our country and 40.8% of the Mirzachol economic region. Farming is the leader in this industry, which has developed through the development of new lands.
The industry of the region is closely related to the specialized branch of agriculture, mainly cotton growing. In particular, the production of building materials and grain products, cotton ginning, and oil production together with the same leading sector form a separate production complex. Sirdarya IES, located in the large city of Shirin in the region, is the largest electric power industry in our republic, which is well-developed in geography. The "Peng Sheng" joint venture, which is being built in cooperation with the People's Republic of China, is of great importance here. The contribution of Saykhunabad district is 12.7%, and the contributions of Akholtin, Gulistan, and Boyovut districts are also noticeable. Relatively low indicators are observed in Khavos and Mirzaabad districts.
Regional differences in the production of consumer goods are almost the same; 45.6 percent of them are given by Sirdarya district, 16.4 percent by Gulistan city. Also, the position of Saykhunabad district is somewhat higher. In the territorial organization of the regional industry, the city of Gulistan can be
distinguished as an industrial center. Also, the cities of Syrdarya and Yangiyer have the same status. Large industrial enterprises of the region: oil and building materials enterprises are located in these cities. The cities of Shirin and Bakht are among the few small industrial centers in terms of population. In addition to the above, it is also possible to mention the dairy factory and building materials enterprises in Sirdaryo, as well as the enterprises producing cotton wool, gauze, bandages, and medicines for the medical field. Syrdarya region is an administrative region of our republic that mainly specializes in agriculture and was established for this purpose. In such conditions, first of all, serious tasks such as diversifying the regional economy, eliminating cotton monopolies, and organizing high-tech stages of production appeared.
Currently, the total cultivated area of the Syrdarya region is 260,000 hectares, of which 104,400 hectares are planted with cereals. Cotton, rice, and vegetables are cultivated in the remaining part. In 2000, 217,200 tons of grain crops were planted on 104,400 hectares of the region (mainly wheat), the average yield was 20.8 centners.
The cultivation of rice and vegetable products is also an important agricultural sector, and the region is one of the leaders in this regard. The gross yield of these types of products is 3.7% of the total indicator of the Republic, of which 54.1% is for pulse crops, and the rest is for vegetables. This region takes first place among the regions in terms of cultivation of rice crops (63.4 thousand tons).
According to the gross yield of agricultural products in 2000, the districts of Aqoltin (15.9 percent), Saykhunabad (13.6 percent), Boyovut (17.2 percent), and Syrdaryo (14.5 percent) stand out compared to other districts.
According to the data of 2023, during the previous period, not a single surplus labor force was released in regional agriculture. On the contrary, 4,600 new jobs were created in this industry. This will serve to solve the problems of labor resources in the region and increase socio-economic development.
By the end of 2023 the contribution of livestock products in the produced agricultural products by categories, i.e. in farms (4.9%), in farmer (personal assistant) farms (92.0%), performing agricultural activities in increasing organizations (3.1%).
According to the results of January-December 2023, the highest indicator of the contribution of farms in the produced agricultural products is in Khovos district (66.6%), farmers (personal assistant) farms the highest percentage was recorded in the city of Shirin (95.3%), the highest percentage of organizations engaged in agricultural activities was recorded in Mirzaabad district (31.1%).
The lowest indicator of the contribution of farms in the composition of agricultural products is in the cities of Shirin (0.0%), Gulistan (0.6%) and Yangiyer (4.8%). The lowest contribution of farmers is in Khavos district (32.3%), the lowest contribution of agricultural organizations is Khavos (1.1%),
Saykhunabad district (1.6%) and Gulistan (1.8%) and was recorded in the districts.
According to preliminary data, in January-December 2023, the positive growth rate of the industry was achieved mainly due to the high growth rate of the following products compared to the corresponding period of 2022: cotton 118.6%, honey 109.9%, egg 109.8%, fish 106.9%.
In the months of January-September 2023, the highest volume of products (services) of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries in the region was Boyovut (1299.4 billion souls), Saykhunabad (1175.3 billion souls), and Khavos (1101.6 billion souls) were recorded. On the contrary, the cities of Shirin (24.9 billion souls), Yangiyer (27.1 billion souls), and Gulistan (198.5 billion souls) can be cited as low-volume regions.
Boyovut district takes the leading place in the region in terms of the total volume of agricultural, forestry, and fishery products (services), this region is the highest among regions in the production of agricultural products such as meat, milk, fish, and vegetables. is explained by having a contribution. On the contrary, it should be noted that the city of Shirin has a small contribution among regions in the production of agricultural products such as meat, milk, and vegetables.
Syrdarya region mainly specializes in cotton cultivation in the territorial division of labor of the country. At the same time, there are industrial enterprises producing various products in the region. In agriculture, it is worth noting the development of sectors that are part of the cotton complex. In addition, the production of cash crops, grain, and livestock products is distinct within the regions.
In 2000, agricultural products grew by 100.2 percent. The contribution of agriculture in the gross domestic product is 75.6 percent. In 2000, the production volume of industrial products increased by 131.3%, consumer goods by 107.8%, retail turnover by 105.2%, and paid services by 108.3%.
The number of main industrial enterprises in the Syrdarya region reached 539, which were completely newly established in the region. Industrial production has been formed over the last 40-50 years. In the 1950s, for the comprehensive development of Mirzachol, its construction base was created, and the cotton ginning industry, food, and electric power were developing.
In terms of regions, the highest contribution in the production of industrial products is in Sardoba (the contribution in total industrial products production is 100.0%), along with Mirzaabad (99.7%), Boyovut (91.8%), Khavos (79.9%) and it was observed in Saykhunabad districts (65.3%).
The analysis of the contribution of small business entities in the volume of production of industrial products in regions, districts, and cities showed that in Aqoltin district (58.9%), Yangiyer city (57.4%), Syrdaryo (53.5%) and Gulistan (51.5%) districts and the city of Shirin (0.8%) can be explained by the small contribution of small business entities in the volume of industrial production, the production volume of large industrial enterprises located in these areas is high.
The current state of the industry of the region is somewhat low, and in this respect, it is ahead only of the Jizzakh region. The implementation of the localization program for the production of finished products, components, and materials also affected achieving high growth rates of industrial production in the region. 474.4 billion for 42 projects included in this program. Products manufactured within the framework of the localization program were exported in the amount of 7936.9 thousand US dollars.
Within the framework of the localization program, 701 new jobs were created in January-December 2021. Compared to the same period last year, the number of newly created jobs increased by 1.2 times. At the same time, compared to January-December 2020, an increase in the volume of export of localized products was observed.
In industrial development, fuel resources are brought from other economic regions, more precisely from the Shu'rtan gas field. In connection with the construction of the largest Syrdarya thermal power plant in our republic, the city of Shirin was established here. The construction of the thermal power plant had a positive effect on the development of industry along with agriculture. The contribution of the power industry in the volume of the main industrial output is equal to 66.6 percent.
The second place is the light industry, its contribution to the total industrial sectors is 11.8 percent, and the food industry takes the third place with 7.4 percent. The industry of the Syrdarya region is specialized in these industries.
When analyzing the territorial composition of industrial sectors, it is permissible to highlight the city of Gulistan, the regional center. This city accounts for 23.2 percent of the industrial output of the Syrdarya region. Light and food industries are well developed in Gulistan.
Among rural districts, the contribution of Syrdaryo, Saykhunabad, and Aqoltin districts is much higher. In particular, 17.2% of regional industrial production is provided by Syrdarya and 16.2% by Saykhunabad districts. At the same time, industrial development in Mehnatabad, Gulistan, and Mirzaabad districts is at a low level.
Food industry enterprises exist in almost all cities and districts, including Sirdarya, Gulistan districts such as factories, butter-cheese factories, oil extraction, confectionery factories, etc.
In addition to the above industries, the engineering and metal processing industry is also being formed. These include the Syrdaryo branch of the Tashkent agricultural machine-building plant, Guliston repair-technical plants, and refrigerator-wagon repair plants. The volume of this sector in the production of regional industrial products is equal to 2.2%.
Reproductive forces include means of production (tools, raw materials, etc.) of industry and agriculture, as well as labor resources. At the same time, the relationship between the produced product and its consumption is of great importance. Therefore, it is more correct to look at it at the level of the "blood
vessel" or driving factor of the social production process. So, productive forces is a broad and complex economic concept, its composition consists of the object of production and its subject, that is, labor force.
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