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Section 10. Economics, organization and management of enterprises, branches, complexes
Thus, when using classical technology (the arable) the total value of equipment will be 19,383 thousand. Rub., and for the same production volume but in the using of zero technology is 9888 thousand. rub., which is almost in 2 times less than with the latter (the average data for 2011-2013.).
It is obvious that the efficiency of a zero technology application is significantly above the traditional technology (see table 1, figure 2). In the system of No-Tilll there are no details. As soon experts will attempt to simplify something or reduce some of its components, the system is broken, and the work done does not bring the expected result. If the traditional technology the faults of one operation can be corrected by next, then the No-till price error is too great.
Summarizing the entire above, one can conclude that the use of resource-saving technologies can improve the final indicators of agricultural production, namely: to reduce fuel consumption, to low the expenses for agricultural production, to improve the quality of their products.
Resource-saving is an important a prerequisite for improving the competitiveness of products, one of the major mechanisms contributing increase in profit by increasing crop yields and so on.
For the Stavropol region as a whole and for individual companies in particular, the introduction of resource-saving technologies is particularly important, since agriculture and the entire agro-industrial complex needs to develop accelerated pace, using including innovative techniques to be popular and competitive in the current market conditions.
References:
1. Zaitsev V. К., Kurennaya V. V. Technological aspects of production efficiency and risk factor in oilseeds subcomplex ofStavropol region.//Problems ofdevelopment ofAPC ofthe region. - 2013. - V. 16. - № 4-16 (16). - Р. 105-109.
2. Kurennaya V. V. The main directions of development of the regional market of oilseeds.//Institutional reforms of national economic systems: Col. of scientific. works on the materials of Intern. Scientific and practical. Conf. (Stavropol, April 23, 2014 r.)/St St Agr. Univ. Stavropol, - 2014. - P. 152-156.
3. Mihailina V. V., Truhachev V. I. Project approach to evaluating the effectiveness of production of the main oil crops (for example of Stavropol Territory).//Economy agricultural and processing enterprises).//The economy of agriculture and processing enterprises, - 2008. - № 4. - P. 32-35.
4. Mihailina V. V. The formation and development of the risk management system in agricultural business structures (for example on the production of oilseeds)./V. V. Mihailina//Dissertation. Stavropol, 2008. - 165 p.
5. Truhachev V. I., Bannikova N. V. Conceptual approaches to the development and implementation of the development strategy of regional agriculture.//Economics ofagricultural and processing enterprises. - M., 2010. - P. 28-30.
Ryzhanushkina Juliya Aleksandrovna, postgraduate student
E-mail: cher_ju@mail.ru Vasilchenko Artem Alekseevich, postgraduate student, E-mail: arty-vasilchenko@ya.ru Gabrin Konstantin Eduardovich, South Ural State University (National Research University), Management and Investment Department, Doctor of Economics, Professor of Economics
E-mail: konsg@mail.ru
Regional investment and construction complex modeling by means of the systems analysis method
Abstract: The article describes the model of regional investment and construction complex functioning from the point of view of systemic approach. It defines the circular paths with positive feedback that lead the system to notably unsteady state. The key indicators, that influence investment and construction complex activity, are specified. The article proves the necessity of a new mechanism of investment-building complex regulation, taking into account the appointed indicators and parameters.
Keywords: complex systems modeling, regional investment and construction complex, investment, systemic analysis, cognitive model, orgraph.
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Regional investment and construction complex modeling by means of the systems analysis method
Race for profit by construction companies in line with the rapidly aging model of economic growth based on destructive financial credit system is still remaining the dominant feature of the modern Russian investmentbuilding complex. Consequently, housing access for population reduces and its quality becomes lower complete with environmental degradation and increasing problems of metropolitan urbanization.
The analysis of traditional approaches to investment and construction complex management shows that social effect of its activity is undersold or even ignored. Obviously, the investment-building complex functioning is the result of interaction of many institutions, so the successful development of this sector is impossible without taking into consideration the interferences of building complex and its associated systems. The systemic approach can ensure the cognitive value of building complex functioning research, as it allows to take into account the mutual influence of the construction sector elements and its external environment [1, 179-180].
The main goal of this research is to create a model of the regional investment and construction complex functioning, while taking into account external environment factors and using the tools of systems analysis method.
The system of regional investment-building sector is exposed to the strong influence of anthropogenic factor that causes an inaccurate description ofbasic data for the relations between the elements of this system, impossibility of quantifying the separate factors, insufficient predictability of the control actions level. Cognitive modeling is the tool to research these systems, which provides the means of formalization to model indistinct conceptualization of the system under study. The principal part of this research is the creation of generalized model (cognitive map in the form of a signed directed graph), which represents all the significant factors and interactions of the real situation [2, 129-131]. The problem field of the system under study and the degree of sensitivity of the model to various undesirable effects are determined according to the analysis of this model [3, 160-161]. The ways of optimization of this model are also created.
The current system of investment-building complex of Chelyabinsk region is characterized by nonavailability of real and effective legal and regulatory framework for investment-building sector regulation, low housing access for the region population, increased danger level of building sites, slow expansion of innovative materials and construction technologies, lack ofqualified personnel.
On the basis of PEST- and SWOT-analysis of the investment and construction sector of Chelyabinsk region
the following parameters, that are the crucial for the research of functioning of the system under study, are defined: 1) housing prices level; 2) share of imported construction materials; 3) construction product prime cost; 4) construction work registration charges; 5) penalty amount for infringements; 6) skill level of a construction company management; 7) competitive ability of a construction company; 8) investment volume in the construction industry; 9) reliefprogrammes; 10) research and development costs; 11) construction volume; 12) capital consumption of a construction company; 13) quality of construction products; 14) general sickness rate of the population; 15) population wage rates; 16) information about construction site inspections; 17) substandard housing proportion; 18) performance capability of the population; 19) population size; 20) consumer purchasing power; 21) consumer demand; 22) government measures effectiveness — detected building safety violations to real quantity of building safety violations ratio.
The housing prices level in comparison with population wage rates reflects housing access rate and consumer purchasing power. Consumer demand depends on consumers’ preference (location, quality and other characteristics) and psychoemotional state of a consumer (his performance capability and his level of health).
The governmental activity in the field of investment and construction complex regulation consists of the system of incentive and precluding measures. These measures consist in construction work registration charges, penalties for building safety violations and are reflected in government measures effectiveness and information accessibility to the results of construction site inspections. Relief programmes are the government measures in order to help some categories of citizens to buy residential space.
The share of imported construction materials used in construction industry influences building maintenance costs and therefore the prime cost of construction products. Capital consumption level indicates the obsolescence rate of materials and technologies used by a construction company. Skill level of a construction company management shows the effectiveness of building process managing, the possibility to compete successfully with other companies at the construction market and the development prospects of the company. Quality of construction products includes residential space comfort, safety, aesthetic value and conformity with technical specifications.
The general investment volume in the construction industry characterizes the development prospects of this sector of the economy: possibility to buy innovative
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Section 10. Economics, organization and management of enterprises, branches, complexes
materials and equipment or to carry out companies’ own research investigations, increase of the construction volume and highly-qualified personnel training.
The force of interdependence between the selected parameters was defined by means of Delphi method. The elements with strong interrelations was picked
out in order to create a model of the regional investment and construction complex (figure1). Selected parameters are the graph nodes. The arrows direction specifies an influence of one parameter on another (arrowhead line — direct dependence, dashed arrowhead line — inverse dependence).
Fig. 1. Cognitive model of regional investment and construction complex:
1 — housing prices level; 2 — share of imported construction materials; 3 -construction product prime cost; 4 — construction work registration charges; 5 -penalty amount for infringements; 6 — skill level of a construction company management; 7 — competitive ability of a construction company;
8 — investment volume in the construction industry; 9 — relief programmes; 10 — research and development costs; 11 — construction volume; 12 — capital consumption of a construction company; 13 — quality of construction products; 14 — general sickness rate of the population; 15 — population wage rates; 16 — information about construction site inspections; 17 — sub-standard housing proportion; 18 — performance capability of the population; 19 — population size; 20 — consumer purchasing power; 21 — consumer demand; 22 — government measures effectiveness
It is difficult to perform some numerical calculation in the created model because of the lack of available official information for several parameters. However, this model provides an opportunity to define the circular paths with positive feedback that lead the system to the notably unsteady state. Let us consider some of these circular paths.
The cyclic path 13-7-8-11-12-13 graphically demonstrates that improving of construction products quality leads to competitiveness improving of a building
company, attracts the investment in the construction industry and consequently leads to construction volume increase. However, the by the due date of the construction company is impossible without the renovation of productive capacities by the due date.
The cyclic path 13-1-20-21-11-12-13 illustrates that at the present point in time the high-quality residential space building can be carried out only in small volumes and only for a small category of people (those who have large income). However, this regular
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Situation in Russian automotive industry and automotive market in crisis
cost increasing because of quality improvement can be easily regulated by the government. The government is able to assure higher quality and more affordable housing for the population.
The cyclic paths 8-10-2-3-1-20-21-11-12-13-7-8 and 8-10-2-3-1-20-21-7-8 obviously demonstrate that investments volume beneficially effects the construction industry particularly scientific researches that lead to the increase of access to housing for population. Accordingly, lack of the investment in this industry leads to the deterioration of important parameters.
On the basis of the created model, it can be concluded that the functioning of regional investment and construction complex is characterized by the large cycles, that include multiple indicators. It is difficult to identify problem areas in the so-called regular course ofwork. It is necessary to make adjustments to the building complex activities within a framework of the highlight figures — quality control of construction products and material equipment of a construction company, government regulation of the construction activity (the system of regulatory environment, housing prices control).
It is possible to add new indicators (e. g., it should implemented the increased focus on cost-effective
use of resources) or new connections (R&D costs can be directed to the quality improving of the construction production and to its cost reduction) into the model. In the context of environmental degradation, pursuit of profit should be relegated to the background. Ecological and technological competitiveness should become the indicator of the success of a construction company instead of profit. Change over to the own production of building materials and constructions will help to avoid the dependence on fragile foreign policy situation. The mentioned above should be taken into account in the investment flow allocation activity. To ensure an acceptable level of environmental safety in Russia, it is necessary to use a mechanism of investment and construction complex regulation, which would be based on the principle of rational allocation of the regional investments, primarily from the point of view of environmental impact. Recourses volume, structure, and purpose should ensure the overcoming of all the destructive tendencies in full.
All these measures will help to realize the construction industry potential to the maximum and to ensure the sustainable development of the regional economy.
References:
1. Protalinskii O. M., Azhmukhamedov I. M. System analysis and poorly structured and poorly formalizable processes modeling sociotechnical systems.//Inzhenernyi vestnik Dona. - № 3. - 2012. - Р. 179-187.
2. Paluh B. V., Kakatunova T. V. A fuzzy cognitive map as a tool to model innovation at the regional level.// Programmnye Produkty i Systemy. - Tver’ - № 4. - 2012. - Р. 128-132.
3. Fred S. Roberts. Discrete Mathematical Models with Application to Social, Biological and Environmental Problems, 1986. - 496 p.
Starkova Nadezhda Olegovna, E-mail: n.starkova@mail.ru Tolstova Alisa Zakharovna, candidates of science in Economics, associate professors E-mail: tolstova@kubannet.ru Ubogova Ekaterina Andreevna, Graduate student, Kuban State University, International economics and management department E-mail: Ekaterina_ub@mal.ru
Situation in Russian automotive industry and automotive market in crisis
Abstract: Todays situation of Russian automotive industry and automotive market has been analyzed. Main factors influencing for their position have been revealed, short-term forecast of development has been presented. Directions for stabilization of situation in production and sales of cars in Russia have been formulated.
Keywords: automotive market, automotive industry crisis, branch, dealer, car owner.
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