CC BY
8research article UDC: 327
DOI: 10.48612/rg/RGW.25.8
Regional Cooperation Between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China (on the Example of Hainan Province Before the Covid Crisis of 2019)
Chi Qingzhuo H
Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
H chitszho@gmail.com
Abstract. Regional cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China developed fruitfully and successfully before the covid crisis. This cooperation between China and Russia is one of the most discussed topics in the world. Regional cooperation between the two countries is a solid foundation for political mutual trust and mutual benefit and serves the interests of the two countries. The study of the issue of cooperation is very important, because the People's Republic of China is considered today as the most important partner of the Russian Federation in Asia, both in terms of priorities and prospects for further cooperation. Russia is also a major strategic partner in the political and economic fields for China. The particular note is the cooperation of the Russian Federation with the Chinese province of Hainan. The study of the history and the main directions of cooperation is the main purpose of this article. The article provides the comprehensive analysis of the main directions of regional cooperation. Particular attention is paid to specific areas of cooperation between Hainan Province and the regions of the Russian Federation: Murmansk, Vladivostok, Kaliningrad, in the field of tourism. Much attention is paid to cooperation in the economic field, a number of agreements have been signed with the Moscow region. Currently, the "Chinese Hainan Free Trade Port" is being built, which should play a big role in the development of cooperation between Hainan Province and Russia. Russia is a priority partner of Hainan Province. The existing potential of local cooperation within the framework of the "year of local cooperation and exchange between China and Russia" is a guarantee of comprehensive cooperation between the two countries. The result of cooperation is clearly shown by the increase in trade and the emergence of new promising areas in strategic cooperation between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation. All this will contribute to further strategic cooperation between two countries.
Keywords: People's Republic of China; Russian Federation; Hainan Province; strategic partnership; cooperation; cooperation; tourism
For citation: Chi, Qingzhuo. Regional Cooperation Between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China (on the Example of Hainan Province Before the Covid Crisis of 2019). Russia in the Global World. 2022; 25(48): 123-134. DOI: 10.48612/rg/RGW.25.8.
© Chi, Qingzhuo, 2022. Published by Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University.
научная статья УДК: 327
DOI: 10.48612/rg/RGW.25.8
Региональное сотрудничество между Российской Федерацией и Китайской Народной Республикой (на примере провинции Хайнань до
ковидного кризиса)
Чи Цинчжо н
Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого,
Санкт-Петербург, Россия н chitszho@gmail.com
Аннотация. Региональное сотрудничество между Российской Федерацией и Китайской Народной Республикой до ковидного кризиса развивались плодотворно и успешно. Это сотрудничество между Китаем и Россией является одной из самых обсуждаемых тем в мире. Региональное сотрудничество между двумя странами является прочной основой для политического взаимного доверия и взаимной выгоды и служит интересам двух стран. Исследование вопроса сотрудничества очень важно, потому что Китайская Народная Республика сегодня рассматривается как важнейший партнер Российской Федерации в Азии, как с точки зрения приоритетов, так и перспектив дальнейшего сотрудничества. Россия также является крупным стратегическим партнером в политической и экономической областях для Китая. Особо следует отметить сотрудничество Российской Федерации с китайской провинцией Хайнать. Изучение истории и основные направления сотрудничества является основной целью данной статьи. В статье проводится всесторонний и анализ основных направлений регионального сотрудничества. Особое внимание уделено конкретным направлениям сотрудничества между провинцией Хайнань с регионами Российской Федерации: Мурманском, Владивостоком, Калининградом, в области туризма. Большое внимание уделяется сотрудничеству в экономической области, подписан ряд договоров с Московской областью. В настоящее время строится "Китайский порт свободной торговли Хайнань", который должен сыграть большую роль в развитии сотрудничества между провинцией Хайнань и Россией. Россия является приоритетным партнером провинции Хайнань. Имеющийся потенциал местного сотрудничества в рамках "года местного сотрудничества и обмена между Китаем и Россией", является гарантом всестороннего сотрудничества между двумя странами. Результат сотрудничества наглядно показывают увеличение торговли и появление новых перспективных направлений в стратегическом сотрудничестве между Китайской Народной Республикой и Российской Федерацией. Все это будет способствовать дальнейшему стратегическому сотрудничеству между двумя странами.
Ключевые слова: Китайская Народная Республика; Российская Федерация; провинция Хайнань; стратегическое партнерство; сотрудничество; кооперация; туризм
Для цитирования: Чи Цинчжо. Региональное сотрудничество между Российской Федерацией и Китайской Народной Республикой (на примере провинции Хайнань до ковидного кризиса) // Россия в глобальном мире. 2022. № 25(48). С 123-134. DOI: 10.48612/rg/RGW.25.8.
© Чи Цинчжо, 2022. Издатель: Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого.
Introduction
China Russia cooperation is one of the most discussed topics in the world. Due to the ready to accept either course of international economic situation and Xi Jinping's successful visit to Russia in March 22, 2013, the two major powers of the world can establish a new relationship, which is an ambiguous relationship in western countries. However, experts from China and Russia agreed that Sino Russian economic and trade cooperation has a solid foundation of mutual trust, mutual benefit and win-win results and is in China's interests.
This issue is very important because the People's Republic of China is today considered to be Russia's first partner in Asia, both in terms of priorities and prospects for further cooperation. Both countries have great potential to further develop economic relations. Russia and China have always maintained friendly relations. Russia is Hainan's priority partner. Hainan is willing to work with Russia to deeply implement the important consensus reached by the two heads of state, tap the potential of local cooperation in the "year of local cooperation and exchange between China and Russia", welcome and encourage Russian international organizations and multinational enterprises to participate in the construction of Hainan Island pilot free trade zone and free trade port with Chinese characteristics, and share the new opportunities of comprehensively deepening reform and opening up in Hainan.
Materials and discussion
Current situation of regional cooperation between Russia and Hainan
Russia and Hainan, one at the north end of the earth, the other at the south end of China, are far apart. However, over the years, the close and friendly exchanges between the two sides at all levels and in all fields have not only laid a solid foundation for pragmatic and efficient cooperation, but also consolidated the good neighborly and friendly relations between China and Russia. To develop the comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership between China and Russia. Since 2010, Hainan has signed letters of intent with Murmansk, Vladimir and Kaliningrad, and carried out friendly exchanges and cooperation in medical and tourism projects. In addition, Sanya City and Khabarovsk city of Russia formally cooperated in 2011, and Qionghai City and Domodedovo city of
Moscow State signed a letter of intent in 2016 [1].
Tourism is one of the most relaxing ways for people to understand local customs. In order to meet the needs of tourists from Russia and Hainan, Russia has become one of the 26 visa free entry countries in Hainan. Russians can enter Hainan in pairs, visa free, and stay in Hainan for 21 days. Sanya is a tropical coastal city and a tourist destination for many Russians. Most of the cultural and sports exchanges between Hainan and Russia are concentrated in Sanya. According to the person in charge of the provincial Office of foreign affairs and overseas Chinese Affairs, Russian athletes participated in many cultural and sports activities, such as Wushu exchange race, island cycling race, Sanya International Beach bodybuilding Mr. bikini Miss competition, international marathon, etc. They not only gained friendship in Sanya, but also achieved excellent results [2]. In 2020, at the "Hainan Russia Tourism Promotion Conference", the two sides signed five new routes agreements for direct flights from Hainan to St. Petersburg and other cities in Russia. So far, Hainan has seven direct flights to Russia, including Sanya Moscow, Sanya Novosibirsk, Sanya Krasnoyarsk, Sanya Yekaterinburg, Sanya irkuzk, Sanya Khabarovsk and Sanya Vladivostok, with 19 flights per week. The opening of a number of air routes has built an air bridge for cross-strait political and cultural exchanges and economic and trade exchanges. Beijing, Shanghai and Hainan are well-known among Russians. The opening of new routes makes it more convenient for Russians to go to Hainan for their holidays [3].
Russian students often appear not only in scenic spots and sports activities, but also in Colleges and universities in Hainan. Hainan University, Hainan Vocational College of foreign languages, tropical ocean college and other universities have established inter school cooperative relations with a number of Russian Universities to exchange teachers and students, so that teachers and students in Hainan and Russia can contact education in different countries and enhance teacher-student relations [4].
Hainan has always cherished its friendly partnership with Russia. Foreign exchanges between the two sides are developing in an all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging direction: leaders of the two sides have more frequent exchanges, pragmatic cooperation has been steadily promoted, and people to people and cultural exchanges have flourished. Since 2011, Russian high -level leaders have frequently attended Boao Forum for Asia annual meetings, participated in high-
end meetings in various fields, visited Wenchang space launch base, Guanlan Lake Tourist Resort, etc Feng Xiaogang film commune and other places, a comprehensive understanding of Hainan's economic and social development. Among them, the cooperation framework signed by the investment fund of China and Russia and Hainan Province, and the cooperation framework agreement on the establishment of traditional medical and health care centers signed by the Russian National Medical Commission and Hainan Province in May this year are vivid manifestations of the progress of practical cooperation between the two sides [5].
From 2014 to 2016, Russia set up three new projects in Hainan, with contractual foreign investment of US $203 million. To be sure, economic and trade cooperation is an important manifestation of high -level friendly exchanges between Hainan and Russia, but diplomatic exchanges are a "big plate" and closely linked. The steady progress of economic and trade cooperation benefits from the increasingly close exchanges between the governments and non-governmental sectors of China and Russia, and from the close exchanges between Hainan and Russia [6].
Tourism cooperation between Russia and Hainan Current situation of Sanya Market. According to the statistics of Sanya Tourism Bureau, in November 2006 alone, Sanya received 419100 tourists, a year-on-year increase of 7.51%; Tourism revenue was 563 million, up 30.2% year on year. From January to November 2006, the number of tourists in Sanya City has reached 3.999 million, an increase of 11.15% year on year; The total tourism revenue was 6.034 billion, with a year-on-year growth of 31.57%; 333900 overseas tourists were received, with a year-on-year increase of 79.28%; Foreign exchange income was 143.3 million, up 127.09% year on year.
From this we can see that Sanya market is still maintaining a stable and rapid development, and according to the past experience, with the arrival of winter, the domestic tourism market highlights the "south" and "North" hot spots. According to the feedback from the major travel agencies in Sanya City, Hainan and Sanya's tourism routes, relying on their unique climate advantages, account for nearly 50% of the winter tourism market [7].
Characteristics of Sanya tourist market Generally speaking, Sanya is still dominated by the domestic market,
supplemented by the overseas market. In recent two years, Sanya tourism has appeared a "four high" phenomenon: the growth rate of tourism revenue is higher than that of tourist reception, the growth rate of overseas tourists is higher than that of domestic tourists, the growth rate of tourism foreign exchange revenue is higher than that of overseas tourists, and the growth rate of individual tourists is higher than that of group tourists. From the perspective of Sanya's tourist market, there are three major changes
While the traditional domestic tourist markets such as Guangdong, Beijing and Shanghai continue to maintain rapid growth, the emerging southwest and Central Plains markets are also showing vigorous development momentum.
From provincial capital cities to non-provincial capital cities. At present, Shenzhen, Dalian, Qingdao, Dandong, Wenzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, Zhuhai and other cities have opened direct flights to Sanya, with a high proportion of seat rate and flight density. The seat rate of Sanya Wenzhou flights remains about 90% [8].
In terms of overseas market, with the continuous improvement of Sanya's popularity, the situation of relying mainly on Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan market has been broken, forming a new pattern of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan market developing simultaneously with South Korea, Japan and Russia market, supplemented by European and American market. At present, the tourist source market of South Korea has surpassed that of Japan, ranking first in the inbound market, followed by Japan, Russia and the United States. From this, we can see that the source structure of foreign tourists in Sanya is gradually becoming diversified, and the proportion of foreign tourists in foreign tourists increases from 37.01% and 36.01% in July and August to 53.57% and 73.02% in September and October respectively, showing a steady increasing trend [9].
At present, Sanya's tourism is still dominated by sightseeing tourism, with holiday tourism as the shop, and the development speed of holiday tourism is rapid. Tourists usually stay for three to five days.
Sanya tourism market summary and development trend analysis
Sanya tourism will still develop rapidly. Sanya, as the only tropical coastal tourism city, has unique advantages. The annual New Silk Road model competition, Boao Forum for Asia, Miss World competition and so on have expanded Sanya's popularity at home and abroad. The tourism market will
continue to grow rapidly in the future.
The number of traditional sightseeing tours has decreased, while holiday tours, ecological tours and conference tours have developed rapidly. In recent two years, Sanya tourism has an obvious characteristic. The growth rate of Golden Week tourism has decreased significantly, and the proportion of individual tourists has exceeded that of tourism teams [10]. Generally speaking, there are fewer tourism teams and more free people; There is less sightseeing and more leisure. Moreover, the honeymoon tour for Lovers has a good development momentum, and the conference tour is still popular. According to statistics, in November 2006, Sanya's tourist hotels received nearly 350 conference groups, including 28 conference groups of Yalong Bay Global City Hotel, with more than 10000 people; Yalong Bay Holiday Hotel received 20 conference groups and more than 1800 people; Sanya Asia Pacific International Conference Center has received nearly 20 conference groups and more than 2000 people; Other star hotels receive all the conference groups every day [11].
There are still many problems to be solved in the tourism market. With the diversification of the international market, Sanya has become an international tourist city, but still lack of foreign culture, many foreign language signs or instructions are not! In addition, the lack of children's recreation facilities in hotels, theme parks, beach hygiene, hawkers' tailgating, language barrier, three black spots and so on are all problems that an international tourism city should not have. Sanya's development of domestic and foreign markets is only reflected in the marketing level, and the market supervision is still lack of norms. For example, for the Russian market, Sanya does not have a set of special Russian market research files, nor has it done any research and segmentation on the Russian market. Even how many travel agencies are operating in Sanya, how many tour guides are taking over tours, and what needs the Russians have in Sanya are still a blank for the authorities.
Sanya tourism market development strategy
Improve infrastructure construction, improve service and marketing level. Sanya should speed up the construction of roads connecting the central region, so as to achieve the goal of "big sanya" tourism, and speed up the construction of Guangdong Hainan railway, so as to realize the train from the mainland to Sanya; Seize the opportunity of opening the third route, increase flights to South Korea, Japan, Russia, Europe and the United States, etc., to facilitate tourists
from all over Sanya [12].
Sanya should speed up the development of entertainment industry, such as large amusement park, lovers bar, beach bar, bungee jumping, adventure and so on Large scale water world, Ocean Park, fishing, golf course and other leisure and holiday projects. Only by constantly innovating and launching leisure tourism projects can we meet the strong demand of domestic and foreign tourists for leisure.
Tourism is one of the most relaxing ways for people to understand local customs. Putin's sentence "I am longing for Hainan" makes Russian tourists yearn for the beautiful Hainan of China - Russia has become the first source market of overseas tourism in Hainan for five consecutive years [13].
In order to meet the needs of tourists from Russia and Hainan, at the "Hainan Russia Tourism Promotion Conference" in 2020, the two sides signed five new routes agreements for direct flights from Hainan to St. Petersburg and other cities in Russia. So far, Hainan has seven direct flights to Russia, including Sanya Moscow, Sanya Novosibirsk, Sanya Krasnoyarsk, Sanya Yekaterinburg, Sanya irkuzk, Sanya Khabarovsk and Sanya Vladivostok, with 19 flights per week. The opening of a number of air routes has built an air bridge for cross -strait political and cultural exchanges and economic and trade exchanges. Beijing, Shanghai and Hainan are well-known among Russians. The opening of new routes makes it more convenient for Russians to go to Hainan for their holidays. Russia has become one of the 26 visa free entry countries in Hainan. Russians can enter Hainan in groups of two, visa free, and stay in Hainan for 21 days [14]. Sanya is a tropical coastal city and a tourist destination for many Russians. Most of the cultural and sports exchanges between Hainan and Russia are concentrated in Sanya. In 2019, the Russian travel agency announced a fourfold increase in the number of flights to Hainan. Tez tour said that in the summer of 2019, the demand for beach vacations to China among customers surged 338% year-on-year, which forced the company to decide to quadruple the number of flights from Russian cities to Hainan. Now, Russian Ifly airlines use Airbus A330 wide body airliner to fly directly to Sanya airport from Kashan, Krasnodar and UFA, twice a week [15].
At the same time, the company will continue to operate holiday tourism business from Novosibirsk and Yekaterinburg to Hainan, and increase the number of flights from Moscow. Hainan in China is becoming more and more
popular with Russian tourists. Hainan's regional advantages are obvious - the unique climate conditions allow tourists to spend their holidays all year round, provide high-quality Hotels with modern Chinese medicine services, a large number of precious historical and cultural attractions, and cater to tourists with different consumption ability. In Dadonghai, Yalong Bay, Sanya Bay and xiaodonghai, which are popular resorts for Russian tourists, there are more than 110 hotels at various prices for customers to book. In summer and autumn, the minimum cost of travel is from 35500 rubles per week, including air tickets, four-star hotel accommodation and breakfast [2].
Sanya, Hainan, has become one of the most attractive destinations for Russian tourists. In Hainan Island, China, Russians now make up a large proportion of foreign tourists. Last year, about 1.98 million Russian tourists went to China, of which Sanya received 204 000. Hainan's climate conditions are conducive to tourism and leisure, and tourism infrastructure can meet all the needs of Russian tourists. In addition, the Hainan provincial government has cooperated with the Russian police to enhance the safety of Russian tourists. Local roads, hotels, restaurants and shops all have signs in Russian. Sanya City in Hainan Province also provides training in Russian for taxi drivers and hotel attendants.
Conclusion. To sum up, the prospect of regional cooperation between Russia and Hainan is good. At present, the problems in the regional cooperation between China and Russia are gradually being solved, showing a positive trend of development. Although it is inevitable that new problems will appear in the process of development, these problems will be well solved due to the economic characteristics of China and Russia and some positive factors promoting the economic and trade development of the two countries. In the future, with the continuous expansion and quality improvement of regional cooperation between Russia and Hainan, more opportunities and space will be created for regional cooperation between China and Russia [16].
China and Russia should work together to become a strong backing for world stability and peace. Both China and Russia have splendid civilizations. The two peoples love peace and pursue the unity and strength of the motherland. We should continue to strengthen cooperation and coordination, oppose hegemonism and power politics, support the construction of developing countries and emerging economies, and improve our own reality [17].
It is in the fundamental interests of the two countries to continue to maintain coordination on international and regional hot issues, adhere to the peaceful settlement of all disputes through dialogue, and play a constructive role in maintaining peace and stability in the human world. Therefore, the strategic cooperative partnership between China and Russia in the XXIst century will continue to be based on historical friendship, with the goal of realizing the development and rise of their respective countries, and will continue to achieve greater glory for maintaining and stabilizing the peaceful development of the Asia Pacific and Central Asia. The future is bright.
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СПИСОК ИСТОЧНИКОВ
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Сведения об авторах / Information about authors
Чи Цинчжо - Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого. E-mail: chitszho@gmail.com
Автор заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Chi Qingzhuo - Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University.
E-mail: chitszho@gmail.com
The author declares no conflict of interests.
Статья поступила в редакцию 15.11.2022. Одобрена после рецензирования 29.11.2022. Принята 29.11.2022. Received 15.11.2022. Approved after reviewing 29.11.2022. Accepted 29.11.2022
