CC BY
2
DOI 10.46566/2225-1545_2021_1_82_31 Y^K: 303.01
Avazov N.R. student
Tashkent state university of Economics Uzbekistan, Tashkent
REFLECTION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC LIFE IN MUKIMI'S WORKS
Annotation: This article analyzes the life of Muhammad Aminkhoja Mukimi, one of the great Uzbek poets, and the reflections of socio-economic life in his works. Socio-economic aspects of the events of the late XIX and early XX centuries are described in detail. It is also stated that the principles of this great poet still exist today and are present among the population.
Keywords: Mukimi, Mukimi's works, socio-economic life, way of life of the population, public administration.
Literature is truly one of the most influential factors in the social development of a society. Raising the social consciousness of the society and its comprehensive development is done by increasing the attention to literature. Literary people describe the consciousness of the people, their worldview and aspirations on the basis of various literary works. In addition, many works of art can be used to embody the socio-economic situation of a particular period and draw conclusions about the life of that period. In addition, literary figures express the pain and perception of the people through their works. No other factor can have a strong influence on the social life of a literary society. Inculcating spiritual ideas in society, especially in the minds of young people, is important for them to become highly spiritual in the future.
Muhammad Aminkhoja Mukimi is one of the writers who had a glorious, exemplary way of life, who made a great contribution to the formation of society at a certain time and was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Muhammad Aminkhoja Mukimi was one of the great writers and lived an exemplary life. In his works, he not only created an artistic interpretation, but also expressed his views on economic views and public administration, which can serve as a model for today's generation. He was one of the richest people in the world, not just materially. If people pay attention to his personal life, they can learn a lot from his example. Based on the study of Mukimi's works, it is possible to observe and analyze the economic situation in the country during this period. The study of the works reveals the economic aspects that can be applied even today. In addition, Mukimi's work cites the personalities of the leaders and the important factors that the people demand of them. Although it was a difficult period, Mukimi was not afraid to criticize the system of governance and the tax system in the country. It is also possible to study the geographical location of the country and the social status of the regions during this period. The living standards of the population are also mentioned in the works.
Therefore, it is advisable to study Mukimi's work and promote it to the general public.
Mukimi has written in several genres of literature. His particularly humorous works are commendable. The conflict between Mukimi's worldview and the environment created a critical trend in his work. This was reflected more in his satire. His humorous works are divided into satire and humor. Mukimi has many works in this direction. His humor was mainly based on critical laughter, and he was able to poetically embody the problems that existed in society during his lifetime. He lived in extreme poverty and studied the lives of ordinary people. In his works, he described the problems that exist in society. Because of the vitality of his works, his influence is high both in his time and today. In his comedy he mainly tried to describe the socio-economic life of the period in which he lived. Even today, on the basis of the study of his works, it is possible to assess the lifestyle of the population in the past.
In his works, Mukimi also expressed his economic views. In particular, in his works he paid great attention to the tax system of this period. He was able to criticize in his works the high taxes imposed on the population and, as a result, the deteriorating living standards of the population. Through his writings, he warned members of the government that if such taxes were imposed on the population, the population could face poverty. Today, poverty is seen as a global economic problem.
He also criticized corruption, which is one of the global economic problems today. During this period, he strongly criticized officials who oppressed the common people and extorted money from them. After seeing such injustices in life, the poet decided not to work in the state structure. That is why he lived a normal life until the end of his life. His main goal was not to make a fortune or lead a good life, but to influence society. That is, through his works he aimed to develop society and solve existing problems. The poet spent his whole life in this way. In his time, he was highly respected and loved by members of society. Because Mukimi is a person who with his thoughts and good deeds has a deep place in the hearts of the people.
In particular, his work "Tanobchilar" reflects the views of the tax system of this period. Therefore, Mukimi was not indifferent to economic life in his time. This work provides detailed information about the tax system of the period and its shortcomings. Especially during this period, due to the direct involvement of the tax factor, various shortcomings and problems arose. This work is mainly devoted to the socio-economic life of Mukimi's time, which tells about the people's dissatisfaction with taxes and various frauds in the collection of taxes. In this play, the tax collection activities of two taxpayers in one village are analyzed and conclusions are drawn.
During his stay, taxes were collected directly by taxpayers and paid to the state treasury. Tax rates are set by public officials. Certain representatives assigned to the regions were engaged in tax collection. However, misunderstandings and problems have increased in these processes. The reason is that not all representatives
did the job based on the criteria of fairness. Mukimi, on the other hand, criticized such people in his works. During this period, due to the increase in taxes, most of the income of ordinary people spent directly on taxes. As a result, living conditions among the people became more difficult. During this period, the people lived mainly on agriculture and handicrafts. At the same time, low-income people have been negatively affected by the increase in taxes. The tax system in these areas has been established since that time. At the same time, there were big problems in this system, but later these problems were gradually eliminated and contributed to the development of a truly transparent tax system. The contribution of great scholars like Mukimi in this development is enormous.
Mukimi's other works also focus on economics. For example, he wrote a promissory note ("Veksel") on economics. During this period, the promissory note had just begun to enter the country. In the early days, misuse of the promissory note led to various misunderstandings and problems between members of the public. In this play, there are problems such as the misinterpretation of the promissory note in practice and the use of promissory notes by officials in their own interests. Mukimi expressed his attitude to them in this play.
He is also the founder of another great literary genre throughout his life. This genre is included in the literature under the name "Travelogue". This genre is present in the literature of almost all nations. A work of prose and poetry that contains travel memories and related details is called a travelogue. The genre of "Travelogue" has a unique history of formation and development in Eastern literature, including Uzbek classical literature. Mukimi is the founder of this genre, which was organized in Uzbek literature in a special poetic form and later became a literary tradition. Indeed, after Mukimi's Travelogues became popular, the Travelogues of Zavqi, Furqat, Tajalli, and other contemporaries of the poet were created in the same style. Travelogues of this period were often written in poetic form. Their internal structure is as follows:
4- The need to enter, that is, to travel, the reasons are stated.
4- Travel memories are described in detail.
-I- Certain conclusions are drawn from travel.
Mukimi's Travelogues are mainly divided into three parts. The first of them is the memories of the trip from Kokand to Shahimardon. From here, Mukimi's journey from Kokand ends in Shahimardon, where he records his adventures. The second is the impressions of his trip from Kokand to Fergana. From this he describes the events that took place on the road from Kokand to Fergana. The third is a description of what he saw and learned during his trip from Kokand to Isfara. The poet's journey from Kokand ends in Isfara, and he summarizes all his i mpressions in this work.
In these travelogues, Mukimi mentions the geographical location of different regions and the way of life of the population in these areas during his lifetime. This work is based on his travels, and he recounts all his travel memories. Along the way, Mukimi visited all the regions, first of all, citing the socio-economic situation of the population in this area and the geographical location of the area. On the basis of this
work it is possible to analyze the historical condition of the regions. In addition, Mukimi cited the customs and traditions of the people in the areas he visited. He also focused on the system of regional governance.
In conclusion, Mukimi in his works was able to provide information about the socio-economic situation of the period in which he lived. In addition, he was one of the just men of his time and was always critical of various vices in society. For him, the priority was not his well-being, but the well-being of society. He respected the values and traditions of the people, and in his time was an ordinary man, one of the most respected people. His way of life can be considered as an example for people. Because he has always been on the tariff of justice and tried to contribute to the development of society. Therefore, it is important to inform the public about the life and works of Mukimi not only in Uzbekistan but all over the world. Good results can be achieved, especially in the upbringing of young people, by relying on the principles of Mukimi.
References:
1. Yakubov H., Uzbek democratic poet Muqimiy. 1953.
2. Karimov F., Muqimiy. Life and work. 1970.
3. Ahmedov S. A poetic story in Uzbek democratic literature.1987.
4. G'ulom Karimov., "Muqimiy", T.: «Ma'naviyat». 2009.
