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Section 10. Transpor
Musajanov Mahamadjon Zakirjanovich, Professor of the Department of "Operation of road transports" Tashkent Institute of design, construction and maintenance of automobile roads E-mail: [email protected] Muminjonov Nigmat Muksimovich, Associate Professor of the Department of "Operation of road transports"
Tashkent Institute of design, construction and maintenance of automobile roads E-mail: [email protected] Musayev Doniyor Habibullaevich, senior lecturer of the Department of "Operation of road transports"
Tashkent Institute of design, construction and maintenance of automobile roads E-mail: [email protected]
REFINED METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF FUEL CONSUMPTION IN MOTOR VEHICLES
Abstract. It is proposed to introduce improved methods for determining fuel consumption rate into the current method of fuel consumption rationing:
- Buses taking into account passenger load;
- Trucks when working in difficult traffic routes.
Keywords: Standard fuel consumption, transport fuel consumption, trucks and buses.
In the Republic of Uzbekistan, operating vehicles are trucks and transports - for buses, the fuel consumption rate,
about three million. and main factors affecting to fuel consumption are taken into
The cost of fuel and lubricants constitute 30-40% of the account by standards and correction factors.
cost of transportation. One of the main ways to save fuel and When rationing fuel consumption are distinguished:
energy resources is to establish and optimize their consump- - the basic value of the fuel consumption rate, which is
tion standards for the actual conditions of operation of vehicles. determined for each model, brand or modification of the car
Automotive enterprises, organizations, entrepreneurs and as a generally accepted norm; others, regardless of the form of ownership, operating vehicles - normative value of fuel consumption, taking into acuse standard fuel consumption that is given in the method- count in addition to the basic value of fuel consumption, ological recommendations "Fuel and lubricant consumption transport work and operating conditions of the vehicle. rates for road transport" [1]. For trucks, the base rate is set in liters per 100 km of the
In other countries that are part of the Commonwealth of vehicle in full condition.
Independent States, "The standards of fuel consumption and For onboard trucks, the normative value of fuel consump-
lubricants for road transport" were also developed [2]. tion is calculated by the formula:
The guidelines "Fuel consumption rates ..." are updated QH = 0.01 • (HS • S + HW-W)• (1 + 0.01-D), (l)
periodically. where: QH - normative fuel consumption, l;
The regulatory documents on the determination of fuel S - mileage of a vehicle or big trucks, km; consumption rates [l] provide the baseline - for cars and
HS - base rate of fuel consumption per vehicle mileage, 1/100 km;
HW - standard fuel consumption for transport work, 1/100 t-km;
W- volume oftransport work, f-km: W= G • S (G - mass
r gr grK gr
of cargo), f;
Sgr - mileage with cargo, km;
D - correction factor (total relative allowance or reduction) to the norm,%.
There are many models, brands and modifications of trucks. They work in difficult traffic routes. Special techniques have been developed for them [3] and they have been tested when performing contractual works [4].
Consider the definition of fuel consumption of trucks when working in complex traffic routes.
Example 1. The KrAZ-257 moving from a city with a population over 650 thousand heavy traffic conditions at 400 km, including 20 km in urban areas, 230 km by paved roads, and 150 km on sandy roads performed 2000 f km transport work.
Di =
S1 x (1 + Q.QlxD1) + S2 x (1 + Q.Qlx D2) + S3 x (1 + Q.Qlx D3)
Determine for each condition and route in general, normalized fuel consumption (Hn) and consumption rate (total consumption) (QH) of the car?
Source data:
- linear base rate of the KrAZ-257 truck
- H = 38 1/100 km [1];
- fuel consumption, taking into account performed transport work in t • km;
HW = 1.3/100t • km;
- completed transport work - W = 200t • km;
- fuel consumption rate increases in the following conditions:
a) when working in a city with a population of 600 thousand to 1 million - 5% (D1 = 5);
b) fuel consumption rate when working on paved roads does not change - (D2 = 0);
c) when working on sandy roads - 35%(D3 = 35).
The average specific value of the normative coefficient is determined by the formula:
Si + S2 + S3
(2)
D _ 20x(1 + Q.Qlx5) + 230x(1 + Q.Qlx0) +150x(1 + Q.Qlx35) _,
L/ ^ — — 1.1J J / J
20 + 230 +150
Normalized fuel consumption for each condition and route is determined by the formula:
H= H x (1 + 0.01 x D.), 1/100 km (3)
- in the city Hnl = 38 x (1+0.01 x 5) = 39.9, 1/100 km;
- on paved roads Hn2 = 38 x (1 + 0.01 x 0) = 38, a/100km;
- when working on sandy roads Hn3= 38 x (1 + 0.01 x x 35) = 51.3, l/100 km;
QH = 0.01-{(Hs • S • (1 + 0.01-D1) +
H
Si
Sj + S2 + S3
W W • D,) + (H • S2 • (1 + 0.01-D2) +
Si
(7)
S1 + S2 + S3
w W• D,)}• K + Qnb, l 20
nscl + S2 x Hnsc2 + S3 x Hnsc3
- on a route S x H H v =-n ^ S1 + S2 + S3
20 x 39.9 + 230 x 38 +150 x 51.3
: 43.0825 1/100 km
20 + 230 +150
The fuel consumption rate (total consumption) for each condition and route is determined by the formula:
- in the city QH1 = 0.01 x Sx x H x (1 + 0.01 x D1) = 0.01 x
x S1 xH„1 S (4)
QH1 = 0.01 x 20 x 39.9 = 8, l
- on paved roads QH2 = 0.01 x S2 x H x (1 + 0.01 x D2) (5) QH2 = 0.01 x S2 x Hn2= 0.01 x 230 x 38 = 87.4, l
- when working on sandy roads
QH3 = 0.01 x S3 x H x (1 + 0.01 x D3) = 0.01 x S3 x H 3 (6)
QH3 = 0.01 x 150 x 51.3 =3 76.95, l The fuel consumption rate (total consumption) the route is determined by 3 methods:
a) The total fuel consumption is composed of the fuel consumption for each section, determined by the base rate of fuel consumption (Hs).
QH = 0.01 -{(38 • 20-(1 + 0.01 • 5) + -H 20 + 230 +150
•1.3 • 2000-1.13375) + (38 • 230-(1 + 0.01-0) + 230
1.3 • 2000 -13375) + (38 -150 • (1 + 0.01 • 35) -1.3 • 2000-1.13375)} -1 + 0 = 201.81
20 + 230 +150 150
+20 + 230 +150
b) The total fuel consumption is composed of the fuel
consumption for each section, determined by the normalized fuel consumption (H.).
Si
Qh = 0.01 .{(S1 • Hn1 +
+(S2 • Hn2 +
+(S3 • Hn3 +
S1 + S2 + S3
S1
• Hw .w• ds) +
S1 + S2 + S3
Hw w • ds ) +
(8)
S1 + S2 + S3
•Hw-W.D, )}• K + Qnb, l
QH = 0.01-{(20 • 39.9 + +(230•38 +(150 • 51.3 +
20
20 + 230 +150 20
•1.3 • 2000-1.13375)-
20 + 230 +150 150
1.3 • 2000-1.13375) +
20 + 230 +150
1.3 • 2000 •1.13375)}1.0 + 0 = 201.81
+
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Fuel consumption rate Q, A J 810£
J <N 172.4
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Normative fuel consumption by conditions Hn, a/100 km 39.9 00 ro 51.3 43.0875
Regulatory factors D,% average specific value of the normative factor, D ' H 1.13375
ö ^ ao sr to ro
On paved roads D2 o
In a city with a population of600.000-1 million people D1 to
Passed road in all conditions Si, KM In the city S,=20 On roads with solid S2=230 <y> T3 rt 8 o ^ 2 a 11 S s ^ Ö o Route S = 400
Volume of transport work W, T • KM 2000
Fuel consumption per 100 t km of transport work HW a/100km ro
Linear basis norm a/100km 00 ro
man-ufac-tured year OTOZ
Model and state. the number of the car va £600L LSI - ZV^X ^ pJBoquo
% -
c) The total fuel consumption is composed of the fuel consumption for each section; it is determined taking into account the total mileage (S) and the specific average value of the normalized fuel consumption (HnZ).
Qh = 0.01-(HnZ-S + Hw -W • Ds) • K + Qnb, l (9)
QH = 00.1 • (43.0825 • 400 +1.3 • 2000 -1.13375) •
•1.0 + 0 = 201.8 l
For trucks, the fuel consumption rate (total consumption) the route defined by 3 methods give the same results.
The first and third methods are preferred.
For buses, transport norm is set in liters per 100 km (l /100 km) of mileage when carrying out transport work of a bus, which takes into account the curb weight and the nominal load of passengers rationed for the purpose of the bus.
For buses, normative value of fuel consumption is calculated according to the formula [1]:
HH = 0.01 • HS • S • (1+ 0.01 • D) + H0T • T, l (10) where: HH - normative fuel consumption, l;
HS - transport norm of fuel consumption per bus mileage, l/100 km (taking into account the loading of passengers rationed by class and purpose of the bus);
S - mileage of the bus, km;
H0T - fuel consumption rate when using standard independent heaters for heater operation, l/hour;
T - operating time of the car with the heater on, hour;
D - correction factor(total relative increase or decrease) to the norm,%.
According to these standards it is not possible to accurately determine the transport fuel consumption rate at higher or lower values of the nominal load of passengers, i.e. when changing passenger traffic.
In the "Method of determining the basic norms of fuel consumption in road transport." P 03112134-0367-97 M.: NIIAT, Ministry of Transport of Russia used following terms and definitions [6]:
Calculation of fuel consumption when driving vehicles on typed routes is made at the following established control masses of buses:
- curb weight of the bus plus the mass of the additional load corresponding to half the nominal capacity of the bus.
- curb weight of a bus is defined as the mass of a fully filled (fuel, oil, coolant, etc.) and equipped (spare wheel, tool, etc.) vehicles, but without passengers, driver, other service personnel.
- estimated mass of one passenger and support staff (driver, controller, guide, etc.) is assumed to be 75 kg.
- nominal capacity of the bus is defined as the sum of the number of seats for seated passengers and the number of seats for standing passengers.
Transportation of passengers by buses is a complex process with changing passenger flows per flight, day, week, month and other.
The change in fuel consumption depending on the number of passengers above or below the regulatory load of passengers characterizes the additional or reduced transport work of the bus depending on the passenger traffic.
When loading passengers less than the nominal load of passengers, normative fuel consumption should be reduced, when loading passengers equal to the nominal load of passengers, the normative fuel consumption corresponds to the calculation with the transport rate of consumption, when loading passengers more than the nominal load of passengers, the normative fuel consumption should be increased [5; 6].
The proposed revised methodology for determining the normative fuel consumption for buses provide for the separation of the transport consumption rate for the basic (without passengers) fuel consumption rate and fuel consumption - HB and fuel consumption for transport work during passenger transportation - HW
- Transport fuel consumption rate is determined by the formula:
HS= HB + HW l/100km (11)
It is proposed to determine the normative fuel consumption by the following formulas:
- Basic (without passengers) fuel consumption rate of the bus is determined by the formula:
G„ ■ H„ ■ P„
H „ = | HS - -
100
I/100 km
(12)
- The fuel consumption rate for transport work in transportation of any number of passengers is determined by the formula:
= GP ■ HP ■ p, l/100 km (13)
W 1000
where: HB - basic (without passengers) fuel consumption rate of the bus, l/100 km;
HW - fuel consumption rate for transport work when transporting any number of passengers, l/100 km;
HS - transport fuel consumption rate for bus mileage, l/100 km (taking into account the normalized class and purpose of the bus passengers load);
Gp - passenger weight Gp =75 kg;
Hp - linear fuel consumption rate for additional mass of passengers in the cabin Hp = 1.3 1/100 t. km for diesel engines;
Hp = 2.0 1/100 km for petrol engines;
Hhs - nominal bus loading;
P. -number of passengers in the bus.
Example 1. Determine the baseline (without passengers) fuel consumption rate of the bus "MERCEDES-BENZ 0-405", fuel consumption rate with the standard passenger
load (Pi = 55), fuel consumption rate with the nominal passenger capacity (Pi = 110).
- transport fuel consumption rate HS = 33 l/100 km;
- number of seated passengers P sitting = 31;
- number of standing passengers P facing = 79;
- correction factor for the norm,%. D = 0;
- fuel consumption rate for the heater, H0T = 0 l/ hour;
- car operating time on the line with the heater turned on, T0T = 0 hour;
- passenger weight Gp = 75 kg;
- linear fuel consumption rate for additional mass of passengers in the cabin Hp = 1.3 1/100 t. km for diesel engines;
S - bus mileage, S = 100 km;
Basic (without passengers) fuel consumption rate of the bus is determined by the formula:
H =1 H - Gp ' HP ' PH.S I =
s I s 1000 J
75-1 3•551 33--I = 33 - 5.4 = 27.64, l /100 km
100 J
(12)
Normative fuel consumption at standard passenger load (Pi = 55):
G ■ H„ ■ P„ ^ s
' ■ (13)
H H =10.01 ■ H
100
■(1 + 0.01 ■ D) ■ K + HOT ■ TOT l
h„ =o.oi-i H + Gp'Hp'P \-s■
P =55
1000
•(1 + 0.01-D)• K + Hot-Tot, l
Normative fuel consumption at nominal passenger capacity (P. = 110):
h„ = o.oi-| H + Gp'Hp'P I • S•
with P = 110
1000
•(1 + 0.01 • D)• K + HOT •TOT, l
(14)
Hh = 0.01 •( 27.64 + 75^410 1-100•
y 1000 )
-(1 + 0.01-0)-1 + 0 - 0) + 38.36, l
Application of this method of calculating the buses normative fuel consumption gave a good convergence of the results of computational and experimental studies "Determination of the temporary fuel consumption norms of the bus SAZ NP 37 01790 NDA of the Republican collection service of the State Unitary Enterprise Central Bank ofUzbekistan" [7] and "Determination of differentiated fuel consumption standards for buses "MERCEDES-BENZ C628.310 CONECTO LOW FLOOR" on two routes No. 89 and No. 24 in Tashkent city " [8].
General conclusions:
1. Proposed refined methods for determining the fuel consumption rates of trucks when working in complex traffic routes.
2. Existing method of determining the transport fuel consumption rate of bus does not exactly take into account the number of passengers in the bus.
3. Proposed improved method for determining fuel consumption of bus allows to determine the basic (without passengers) fuel consumption rate and transport work of the bus when transporting any number of passengers in the bus.
4. The basic (without passengers) fuel consumption rate can be determined before the start of bus operation.
5. The base fuel consumption rate makes it possible to evaluate the constructive bus efficiency by the ratio of curb and total mass.
6. Approbation of research work to clarify the methods of determining the fuel consumption of trucks and buses made in the bus parks "Toshshahartranshizmat" and freight transport enterprises in Tashkent city.
Refences:
1. Reference and regulatory document Oz. Rh. 88.20-01: 2003. "Consumption rate of fuel and lubricants for automobile rolling stock and road-building machines".- Tashkent, 2012.- 182 p.
2. Methodical recommendations. "Norms of consumption of fuels and lubricants in road transport". Orders of the Ministry of transport of Russia, from March 14, 2008.- No. AM-23-R.
3. Methodology defined fuel consumption standards for specialized, new and imported vehicles for specific operating conditions. TADI,- Tashkent, 2013.- 93 p.
4. Agreement No. 200/2013. January 18, 2013. "Determination of the temporary transport norms for fuel consumption by cars of 40 (forty) brands in 5 (five) regions of Uzbekistan. for 135 vehicles ofJSC "Uzgeoburneftegaz".- 93 p.
5. Musadzhanov M. Z., Mukhitdinov A. A. "Improvement of the technique of fuel consumption rationing by buses". VINITI Transport: science, technology, management, 2017.- No. 4.- P. 53-56.
6. R03112134-0367-97 Methods for determining the basic fuel consumption rates for road transport.- M.: NIIAT, Ministry of Transport of Russia, 1996.- 26 p.
7. "Determination of temporary fuel consumption rates of the bus SAZ NP 37 01790 NDA of the Republican collection service of the State Unitary Enterprise Central Bank of Uzbekistan" (report on x / d 7/2015 of April 14, 2015).- 163 p.
8. "Determination of differentiated fuel consumption rates for Mercedes-Benz C628. 310 Conecto Low Floor buses on two routes No. 89, 24 of the city of Tashkent" (report on x / d 90/2009 ofJanuary 10, 2009).- 26 p.
