Редкие виды орхидных (Orchidaceae) во флоре Вьетнама Текст научной статьи по специальности «Химические науки»

УДК 582.594(597)

L. Averyanov A. Averyanova

Л.В. Аверьянов А.Л. Аверьянова

RARE SPECIES OF ORCHIDS (ORCHIDACEAE) IN THE FLORA OF VIETNAM РЕДКИЕ ВИДЫ ОРХИДНЫХ (ORCHIDACEAE) ВО ФЛОРЕ ВЬЕТНАМА

New localities of255 orchid species (Orchidaceae), which belong to 77 genera, are reported in the paper. All discoveries are based on herbarium materials collected on the territory of Vietnam during field works of 1999-2004 years as well as on herbarium and living samples that were found in Herbaria and private collections in Vietnam. Among reported orchids 16 species

(Cymbidium devonianum, C. mastersii, Cyrtosia nana, Dendrobium falconeri, D. jenkinsii, D. trigonopus, D. umbonatum, Hetaeria nitida, Liparis tenuis, Peristylus holttumii, Stereochilus brevirachis, Thrixspermum sutepense, Vanda alpina, V. cristata, V. petersiana, Zeuxine flava) were found in Vietnam at first. Such species are marked with a sign (*). They represent new additions to the orchid flora of the country. One nomenclature combination in rank of variety (Dendrobium capillipes var. braianense) is proposed.

The paper continues our publications of new localities of rare orchid species collected by the first author and his colleagues in remote mountain areas of Vietnam (Averyanov, 1988а, b, 1989, 1998, 1999, 2000а, b; Averyanov, Averyanova, 2000, 2003; Averyanov, Vu Ngok Long, 1989; Averyanov, Duong Duc Huyen, 1989, 1993). Field exploration works, results of which are presented in this publication, were supported in different parts from investigation programs of U.S.A. National Geographic Society (grants 1999-2001 № 6733-00 "Botanical Inventory of Unexplored Areas in Viet Nam: The North" and 2004 № 7577-04 "Exploration of rocky limestone flora and vegetation in Bac Kan province, northern Vietnam''); U.S.A. National Science Foundation (grant 1999-2001 № DEB-9870231 "Collaborative Research: A MultiTaxa Inventory of Threatened Conservation areas in Viet Nam"); FFI-Vietnam Program in association with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 2001 (programs "Community-based Conservation of the Hoang Lien Mountain Ecosystem, Vietnam" and "Pu Luong - Cuc Phuong Limestone Landscape Conservation Project"); American Orchid Society (grants 1999-2000 "Exploration of endangered calcium dependent orchid flora in inaccessible rocky limestone areas of the North Vietnam"; 2001-2002 "Population studies of endemic Paphiopedilum species in northern Vietnam"; 2004 "Discovery of endemic orchid flora in remote limestone areas of Northern Vietnam"); Henry Luce Foundation (project 19992004 "Vietnam Botanical Conservation Program in Vietnam").

Field studies of the flora and vegetation according to mentioned investigation programs were connected with extensive collection of herbarium materials, which represent voucher materials for all published reports of species localities. Duplicate sets of collected voucher herbarium samples are housed mainly at Herbaria of the

Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources of Academy of Sciences and Technology of Vietnam (HN), Cuc Phuong National Park, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science (LE) and Missouri Botanical Garden (MO).

The orchid names in the list are arranged in alphabetic order. Abbreviated and unified text of herbarium labels are reported for each collecting numbers. In the text are used next standard abbreviations: prov. (province), distr. (district), mun. (municipality), vic. (vicinity, vicinities), elev. (elevation, elevations), mt. (mountain, mountains), N.P. (National Park).The names of orchid species and genera reported for Vietnam at first are marked with asterisk (*). Prefixes at the collecting numbers represent next abbreviations:

CBL - Caobang Limestone (collections on program of U.S.A. National Geographic Society "Limestone flora of Cao Bang province of North Viet Nam", Principal Investigator Dr. Nguyen Tien Hiep),

CPNP - collections in Cuc Phuong National Park (commonly without indication of collectors),

DDS - Dr. Djaja Doel Soejarto (collections according to International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups program with this person as Pricipal Investigator).

DKH - Dr. D. Harder (collections according to expeditions with this person as Principal Investigator),

HAL - Dr. Nguyen Tien Hiep, Prof. L. Averyanov, Prof. Phan Ke Loc (collections in collaborative explorations of these persons),

LX-VN - collections of Soviet-Vietnamese Expedition (commonly without exact indication of collectors),

NMC - collections of staff member of Cuc Phuong National Park - Mr. Nguyen Manh Cuong on the territory of the national park,

NTH - Dr. Nguyen Tien Hiep (collections in expeditions with this person as Principal Investigator),

P - Prof. Phan Ke Loc (collections in expeditions with this person as Principal Investigator),

VH - Vietnamese Highlands (collections on program of U.S.A. National Geographic Society "Flora of Highlands of South Vietnam", Principal Investigator Prof. L. Averyanov).

Few other occasional herbarium collections of different collectors housed in Herbaria of the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (HN) and Cuc Phuong National Park were also included in the paper.

New data for distribution of rare orchid species in Vietnam

1. Acampe Lindley

1.1. A. rigida (J.E. Sm.) P. Hunt

N. Vietnam, Quang Ninh prov., Ha Long Bay, Dau Go Cave, 20°54'650''N 107o01'149"E. 16 February 2003, N.X. Tam, P.V The, NTH 5487.

2. Acanthephippium Blume

2.2. A. striatum Lindley

N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Nam Xe mun., Khau Co Pass, 22°02'35''N 103°57'23''E. Secondary vegetation on granite at elev. 1150-1200 m. Terrestrial herb. 27 February 2001, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6988.

3. Aerides Lour.

3 .3. A. crassifolia Parish ex Burb.

S. Vietnam, sine loc., coll. and date. Flowered in Hanoi private collection at May 2003. Flowers odorless, bright pink-purple, column and anther white, spur white with light greenish apex. 11 April 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, HAL 2903.

3 .4. A. odorata Lour.

N. Vietnam, sine loc., coll. and date. Flowered in Hanoi private collection at May 2003. Flowers very light pink-violet, lip white. 22 May 2003, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, HAL 2908.

4. Anoectochilus Blume

4.5. A. calcareus Aver.

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Cho Don distr., Ban Thi mun., Phia Khao village, Cau Muc locality, 22°17'32''N 105°31'27''E. Primary closed evergreen wet broadleaved and mixed forest with Pinus fenzeliana on very steep slopes and cliffs of remnant mt. composed with highly eroded crystalline limestone near the top of ridge at elev. 900-1000 m. Terrestrial and lithophytic herb in shady places. Leaves velvety black with white reticulated venation above, dull pinkish below. Occasional. 26 December

2002, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 803. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'13''N 104°46'12''E, elev. 1100-1300 m. Primary broad-leaved closed wet forest along limestone ridge and slopes near tops. Lithophytic herb in shady places leaves velvety brown-green with silver-pink venation. Not rare. 7 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7437.

4.6. A. roxburghii (Wallich) Lindley

N. Vietnam, Hoa Binh prov., Tan Lac distr., Lung Van mun., Huop village, 20°32'52''N 105°11'47''E at elev. about 900 m. In old secondary closed evergreen tropical seasonal broad-leaved submontane forests (with Lithocarpus and Castanopsis) on shale soils. Terrestrial, clustered herb. 28 November 2003, P.K. Loc, P 10661.

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved closed dry forest on steep slopes of granite mt. at elev. 1200 m. Terrestrial prostrate creeping herb in shady places. Leaves deep velvety brown-green with pink veins. Not common. 14 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5069.

5. Anthogonium Lindley

5.7. A. gracile Wallich ex Lindley

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Phong Tho distr., Chua Va mun., around Hoang Lien Son Pass, 22°25'32''N 103°42'46''E et elev. 1300 m. In disturbed habitat along roadside. Flowers deep purple-pink. Occasional. 28 September 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N. V Du, DKH 5703.

6. Aphyllorchis Blume

6.8. A. annamensis Aver.

N. Vietnam, Nghe An prov., Quy Chau distr., Dien Lam mun., on the trail to Phu Lon peak through Muc Pan locality, 19°23'34.9''N 104°52'39.9''E, at elev. about 800 m. Primary closed evergreen tropical seasonal broad-leaved submontane forest on shale, sandstone and rhyolite deep soil. Saprophytic herb up to 0.5 m tall. Flowers yellowish with violet traces. 19 February 2004, P.K. Loc, V.M. Son, L.T. An et al, HLF 3102.

6.9. A. montana Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Ba Thuoc distr., Co Lung mun., Khuyn village, around point 20°26'31''N 105°14'55''E. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved and coniferous submontane forest on crystalline marble-like highly eroded limestone on tops of limestone ridge at elev. 700-800 m. Achlorophyllous mycotrophyc terrestrial herb. Flowers pure yellow. Rare. 17 September 2003, L. Averyanov, D.T. Doan, J. Regalado et al., HAL 2992.

7. Apostasia Blume

7.10. A. odorata Blume

N. Vietnam, Ha Tinh prov., Huong Son distr., Son Hong mun., around point 18°34'06''N 105°11'40''E. Primary broad-leaved dry closed evergreen forest on very steep mt. slopes of Khe Sinh stream canyon and along ridge composed with shale at elev. 800-1100 m near Laotian border. Terrestrial herb 20 cm tall. Flowers yellow.

11 May 2004, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, P.V. The et al., HAL 5337. N. Vietnam, Ha Tinh prov., Huong Son distr., Son Kim mun., Rao Bun stream around 18°25'18''N 105°13'15''E. Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen closed wet forest on very steep shale slopes of river canyon at elev. 200-300 m. Terrestrial herb in shady slope. Flowers yellow. Rare. 6 May 2004, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, P.V. The et al., HAL 5157. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Liem Phu mun., Khuoi Ngoa village, 21°58'08''N 104°21'00''E at elev. 600-1100 m. Primary forest with Fokienia hodginsii on quartzite and limestone. Herb up to 0.8 m tall. Occasional. 21 February 2001, D. Harder, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, DKH 6626. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Nam Xe mun., Nam Xi Tan village. Secondary forest at top of ridge on eroded granite, 22°02'57''N 103°58'35''E at elev. 700-1100 m. Herb up to 0.4 m tall. Occasional. 26 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH s.n. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., N slope of Bach Ma mt. system, to the N of point 16°11'50''N 107°50'44''E at elev. 600-1000 m. Mixed and broad-leaved evergreen primary closed wet mt. forest with Shorea stellata and

Dacrycarpus imbricatus along narrow ridge and on very steep sandstone/shale slopes. Terrestrial herb 5-10 cm tall. Flowers yellow. Very rare. 28 April 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 140б.

7.11. A. wallichii R. Br.

S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., NE slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11O43'52''N 109O0S'35''E at elev. 800-950 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Terrestrial herb 20-30 cm tall on shady steep slope. Flowers yellow. Rare. 30 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 43б2.

S. Appendicula Blume

8.12. A. cornuta Blume

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang Nature Reserve 22O52'04''N 104O57'32''E at elev. 300-1050 m. Limestone cliffs in primary forest on limestone ridge. Occasional lithophyte. 1б February 2001, D. Harder, L. Averyanov, DKH б459. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Liem Phu mun. Khuoi Ngoa village, 21O5S'14''N 104O19'51''E at elev. б00 m. Logging forest along stream. Frequent epiphyte and lithophyte. 21 February 2001, D. Harder, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc et al., DKH б5бб. S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., NEE slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11O43'52''N 109O0S'35''E at elev. 800-900 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Lithophyte on shady rocky stream slope. Flowers white. Occasional. 28 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4278.

8.13. A. hexandra (Koenig) J.J. Sm.

N. Vietnam, Ha Tinh prov., Huong Son distr., Son Kim mun., Rao Bun stream around point 18O23'39''N 105O15'12''E. Primary broad-leaved evergreen closed wet forest on very steep shale slopes of river canyon at elev. about 300 m. Epiphyte on trees along stream. Flowers white, light greenish, lip white-yellowish, with purple side-lobes. Common. 2 May 2004, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, P.V. The et al., HAL 501б. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., S slope of Bach Ma mt., below Hai Vong Dai peak, around point ^П^'^ 107O51'53''E at elev. about 1150 m. Mixed and broad-leaved evergreen secondary closed mt. forest on steep shale/granite slopes and cliffs. Epiphyte and lithophyte on shady waterfall cliff. Flowers white with green tint. Common. 20 April 2003, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh, HLF 1172. S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., NEE slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11O43'52''N 109O08'35''E at elev. б00-700 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Lithophyte on shady rocks on rocky stream slope. Flowers white. Locally common. 28 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov at al., HLF 4271. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., N slope of Bach Ma mt. system, to the N of point 16O11'50''N 107O50'44''E at elev. б00-1000 m. Mixed and broad-leaved evergreen primary closed wet mt. forest with Shorea stellata and

Dacrycarpus imbricatus along narrow ridge and on very steep sandstone/shale slopes. Epiphyte and lithophyte in shady place on waterfall cliffs. Flowers light yellowish-green. Locally abundant. 28 April 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 1382.

9. Arundina Blume

9.14. A. graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr.

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Thuan Chau distr., Phong Lai mun., Pha Din Pass, 21°33'07''N 103°33'16''E at elev. 1200 m. In degraded secondary vegetation along roadside. Terrestrial herb. Tepals pink, labellum white with pink, nerved in deeper red-purple. Frequent. 25 September 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.V. Du, DKH 5671.

10. Biermannia King et Pantl.

10.15. B. calcarata Aver.

N. Vietnam, Cao Bang prov., Trung Khanh distr., Ngoc Khe mun., Pac Nga village, around point 22°54'59''N 106°31'44''E at elev. 600-650 m. Closed secondary broad-leaved evergreen wet forest on very steep rocky slopes of rocky ridges and mesas composed with light gray solid marble-like highly eroded crystalline limestone. Canopy epiphyte on shrubs 3-4 m tall in very wet shady mossy place. Flowers light yellowish. Rare. 15 June 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, P.V. The at al., HAL 5767. N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20°31.0N 105°63.0E et elev. 350 m. Primary forest on limestone mt. Epiphyte 5 cm, flowers pale yellow. 14 August 1999, N.M. Cuong, NMC 966.

11. Bulbophyllum Thouars

11.16. B. ambrosia (Hance) Schltr.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22°53'35''N 104°56'35''E at elev. 600-800 m. Secondary forest among limestone peaks and ridges. Occasional epiphyte on tall tree. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6401. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuen distr., Minh Tan Mun., Ban Ngay village, 23°00'37''N 104°54'46''E at elev. 225-620 m. Primary forest on exposed limestone on E facing ridge above river. Occasional epiphyte on large tree. 17 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep at al., DKH 6471. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., Lum village, 21°00'17''N 104°29'08''E at elev. 1242 m. Primary vegetation on Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus on limestone ridge top. Frequent epiphyte and lithophyte. 3 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7172.

11.17. B. andersonii (Hook. f ) J.J. Sm.

N. Vietnam, Cao Bang prov., Trung Khanh distr., Ngoc Khe mun., Pac Nga village, around point 22°54'59''N 106°31'44''E, at elev. 800-850 m. Remnants of primary evergreen broad-leaved forest along tops of rocky ridges and mesas composed with light gray solid marble-like highly eroded crystalline limestone. Creeping epiphyte and occasionally lithophyte. Flowers light pink-violet, lip purple-violet. Very common. 10

June 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, P.V. The et al., HAL 5549.

11.18. B. arcuatilabium Aver.

N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Ba Thuoc distr., Lam Xa mun., Lang Trang village, around point 20O20'02''N 105O12'39''E. Remnants of primary broad-leaved evergreen seasonal forest along rocky tops of remnant mt. composed with solid crystalline marble-like highly eroded limestone at elev. 500-550 m. Epiphyte. Locally common. 15 October 2003, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, D.T. Doan at al., HAL 435б.

11.19. B. astelidum Aver.

N. Vietnam, Hoa Binh prov., Mai Chau distr., Pa Co mun., 20O44' 33'' N 104O53' 54'' E at elev. 1150-1250 m. In logged primary closed evergreen tropical seasonal coniferous submontane forests with Pinus fenzeliana on top ridges of limestone mt. Rare epiphyte. 2 December 2003, P.K. Loc, P 10б59.

11.20. B. delitescens Hance

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20O24.0N 105O72.0E at elev. 600 m. Forest on limestone mt. near peak. Epiphyte. 20 December

1999, N.M. Cuong, NMC 77б. N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong mun., Cuc Phuong N.P., around point 20O14'52''N 105O40'35''. Remnants of primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved lowland dry forest on limestone hills at elev. 300-350 m. Epiphyte on rocky shady slope. Occasional. 8 January 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.M. Cuong et al., HAL 285б.

11.21. B. flabelloveneris (Koenig) Aver.

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. 9 April 2003, P.K. Loc, CPNP orchid collection No 15, P s.n. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., N slope of Bach Ma mt. system around point 16O13'53''N 107O49'02''E at elev. about 100 m. Broad-leaved evergreen wet secondary closed forest along rocky river valley and on river slopes. Epiphyte in shady place. Not common. 2 May 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 15б7.

11.22. B. insulsum (Gagnepain) Seidenf.

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'13''N 104O46'12''E at elev. 1100-1300 m. Primary broad-leaved closed wet forest along limestone ridge and slopes near tops. Epiphyte. Very common. 7 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7427.

11.23. B. longibrachiatum Z.H. Tsi

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'13''N 104O46'12''E at elev. 1100-1300 m. Primary broad-leaved closed wet forest along limestone ridge and slopes near tops. Epiphyte on high tree. Not common. 7 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7431. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., On Oc village, 20O59'06''N 104O28'46''E at elev. 1468 m. Primary forest along limestone ridge top. Pseudobulb, adaxial leaf surface and new shoots tinted with purple. Occasional lithophyte. 4 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Huong, DKH 7285.

11.24. B. macraei (Lindley) Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Na Ri distr., Liem Thuy mun., Na Bo village, around point 21°56'44''N 106°05'09''E, at elev. 300-700 m. Primary broad-leaved evergreen closed wet forest on very steep slopes and cliffs of rocky ridges and mesas composed with white solid marble-like crystalline limestone. Lithophytic and epiphytic creeping herb. Lateral sepals and petals dull yellow, central sepal dull pink-purple, lip light yellow. Common. 27 May 2004, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, P.V The et al., HAL 4911.

11.25. B. macranthum Lindley

S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., N slope of Bach Ma mt. system around point 16°13'53''N 107°49'02''E at elev. about 100 m. Broad-leaved evergreen wet secondary closed forest along rocky river valley and on river slopes. Creeping epiphyte on high trees. Flowers white with purple marks. Rare.

2 May 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 1582.

11.26. B. nigrescens Rolfe

S. Vietnam, Lam Dong prov., Dalat town, living collection in Institute of Tropical Biology (wild collected in Dalat town area). Epiphyte. Flowers odorless, tepals yellowish-white with numerous deep brown stripes and marks and pure yellow base, lip black with emerald green center, column and anther yellowish-white. 18 April 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, HAL 4607.

11.27. B. odoratissimum (J.E. Sm.) Lindley

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. 9 April 2003, P.K. Loc, CPNP orchid collection No 10, P s.n. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved wet forest on steep mt. slopes on sandstone and gneiss at elev. 1000-1200 m. Epiphyte on high tree. Common. 15 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5155.

11.28. B. poilanei Gagnepain

N. Vietnam, Ha Tinh prov., Huong Son distr., Son Hong mun., around point 18°34'06''N 105°11'40''E. Primary broad-leaved dry closed evergreen forest on very steep mt. slopes of Khe Sinh stream canyon and along ridge composed with shale at elev. 800-1100 m. near Laotian border. Epiphyte on high tree. Flowers dirty deep brown-violet. Rare. 11 May 2004, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, P.V. The et al., HAL 5336.

11.29. B. reptans (Lindley) Lindley

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son protected area, 23°09'11''N 104°59'06''E at elev. 1300 m. Slightly disturbed forest on limestone ridge tops and rocky outcrops. Frequent epiphyte. Tepals yellow-orange streaked in red-purple, lateral petals red-purple. 11 February 2001, D. Harder, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, DKH 6229. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Cao Bo mun., Tam Ve village, 22°46'11''N 104°49'07''E at elev. 1700 m. Closed primary semi-deciduous forest with dominants of Ericaceae and Lauraceae. Epiphyte on mossy tree trunk. Occasional.

13 September 2000, D. Harder, N.Q. Hieu, N.T. Vinh et al., DKH5552. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'35''N 104O46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen closed forest on limestone ridge with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. Epiphyte. Flowers yellow, tepals with brown nerves. Very common. б March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, DKH 7359.

11.30. B. retusiusculum Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Cao Bo mun., Tam Ve village, 1800-1900 m, 22O46'30''N 104O49'01''E. Closed mossy cloud primary broad-leaved forest. Epiphyte. Lip orange, sepals and petals brownish-red. Rare. 10 September

2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.Q. Hieu et al., DKH 5399. S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., E slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11O43'52"N 109O08'35''E at elev. 800-950 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Epiphyte and lithophyte on large exposed boulders along stream. Lateral sepals yellow-orange, petals brown with deep violet stripes. Very common. 31 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4443.

11.31. B. sigaldiae Guillaumin

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Primary wet mossy mt. coniferous forest on sandstone with Pinus dalatensis, Fokienia hodginsii, Dacrydium elatum and Dacrycarpus imbricatus along ridge tops at elev. 1200 m. Creeping epiphyte up to 4 m lg. Leaves green, below with purple-violet tint. Not rare. 22 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5571. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Primary broad-leaved and mixed evergreen dry mt. forest with Dacrydium and Dacrycarpus at elev. 1100-1200 m on sandstone. Epiphyte on high tree. Not common. 21 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5533.

11.32. B. thaiorum J.J. Sm.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Cao Bo mun., Tam Ve village, 1200-1360 m, 22O46'03''N 104O49'42''E. Disturbed secondary, evergreen, broad-leaved forest. Epiphyte on mossy tree trunk. Net around pseudobulb brown, pedicel light yellow, tepals are clear cream, streaked in red-purple. Rare. 12 September 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.Q. Hieu et al., DKH 5483.

11.33. B. umbellatum J.J. Sm.

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muonh Lum mun., On Oc village, 20O59'06"N 104O28'46''E at elev. 1450 m. Primary forest on crystalline limestone substrate. Occasional epiphyte. 4 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Huong, DKH 729б.

11.34. B. xylophyllum Parish et Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20O36.0N 105O61.0E. Primary forest. Epiphyte, flower bud purple. 21 September 2001, N.M. Cuong, NMC 1487.

12. Calanthe R. Br.

12.35. C. alismifolia Lindley

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22°53'35"N 104°56'35''E at elev. 600-800 m. Secondary forest among limestone peaks and ridges. Occasional. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, DKH 6351.

12.36. C. argenteo-striata C.Z. Tang et S.J. Cheng

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., Bat Dai Son Protected Area, 23°09'01''N 105°00'10''E at elev. 870-900 m. Secondary forest on limestone ridge top. Leaves with longitudinal lighter variegation, flowers white become faded yellow to orange. Frequent. 12 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, DKH 6214.

12.37. C. densiflora Lindley

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Cao Bo mun., Tam Ve village, 22°46'12''N 104°49'33''E at elev. 1310 m. Closed evergreen submontane broad-leaved primary forest. Terrestrial herb 0.6 m tall, flowers yellowish-orange. Common. 9 September 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.Q. Hieu, DKH 5317.

12.38. C. lyroglossa Reichenb. f.

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary wet mossy mt. coniferous forest on sandstone with Pinus dalatensis, Fokienia hodginsii, Dacrydium elatum and Dacrycarpus imbricatus along ridge tops at elev. 1200 m. Terrestrial herb in wet shady place. Rare, but locally abundant. 22 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh, VH5567.

12.39. C. triplicata (Willemet) Ames

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Minh Tan mun., Ban Ngay village, 23°00'37''N 104°54'46''E at elev. 225-620 m. Primary forest with Burretiodendron on exposed limestone rocks above river. Leaves all green. Occasional. 17 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 6500.

13. Callostylis Blume

13.40. C. rigida Blume

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved wet forest on steep mt. slopes on sandstone and gneiss at elev. 1000-1200 m. Epiphyte on high tree. Tepals pale yellowish-brown, lip black-violet. Very common. 15 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5147. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., 14°45'16''N, 108°30'41''E at elev. 900-1000 m. In logged primary closed evergreen seasonal tropical broad-leaved submontane forests along rocky streams. Rare epiphyte, flowers yellow. 23 November 2003, P.K. Loc, P 10658.

14. Ceratostylis Blume

14.41. C. himalaica Hook. f.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., Bat Dai Son Protected Area, 23O09'04''N 104O59'53''E at elev. 1150 m. Primary forest along limestone ridge. Frequent epiphyte. 12 February 2001, D. Harder, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH б234. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Minh Tan mun., Ban Ngay village, 23O00'37''N 104O54'46''E at elev. 225-620 m. Primary forest with Burretiodendron on exposed limestone rocks above river. Occasional epiphyte. 17 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH б505. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Liem Phu mun., Khuoi Ngoa village, 21O59'31''N 104O19'05 ''E at elev. 320-1050 m. Secondary wet forest. Epiphyte on high trees. Tepals light creamy white, labellum yellow, rostellum white. 22 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, DKH б735. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Nam Xe mun., Nam Xi Tan village, 22O02'57''N 103O58'35''E at elev. 700-1100 m. Secondary forest at top of ridge on eroded granite soils. Frequent epiphyte on high trees. Petals yellow-greenish, with darker purple streaks, tip light yellow. 26 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH б904. N. Vietnam, Nghe An prov., Quy Chau distr., Dien Lam mun., near top 1148 m, 19O22'35.6''N 104O51'25.8''E at elev. 1000-1100 m. Scattered in logged, closed, evergreen, tropical seasonal broadleaved submontane forest on shale and allied rocks. Epiphyte. Sepals and petals white with 3 lines of violet dots, lip bright yellow. 17 February 2004, P.K. Loc, V.M. Son, L.T. An et al., HLF 3094. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'35''N 104O46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen closed forest on limestone ridge and cliffs with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. Epiphyte on mossy trees. Flowers odorless, tepals dull yellowish with brown-purple stripes, lip yellowish, epichile brown-yellow. б March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7325. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'13''N 104O46'12''E at elev. 1100-1300 m. Primary broad-leaved closed wet forest along limestone ridge and slopes near tops. Common epiphyte. 7 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7415.

14.42. C. siamensis Rolfe ex Downie

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved wet forest on steep mt. slopes on sandstone and gneiss at elev. 1000-1200 m. Epiphyte on high tree. Not rare. 15 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5153.

15. Cheirostylis Blume

15.43. Ch. chinensis Rolfe

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Cho Don distr., Ban Thi mun., Phia Khao village, Lung Li locality, 22O17'30''N 105O31'16''E. Primary broad-leaved evergreen closed wet forest on very steep slopes and cliffs of remnant mt. composed with highly eroded crystalline limestone near top of ridge at elev. 800-900 m. Lithophytic herb on mossy

shady rock outcrops. Leaves pale velvety gray-green. Flowers white. Occasional. 25 December 2002, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh, HLF 744. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Minh Tan mun., Ban Ngay village, 23°00'37''N 104°54'46''E at elev. 225-620 m. Primary forest with Burretiodendron on limestone ridge on exposed rocks above river. Rare lithophyte among rocks. Leaves light green, young buds white. 17 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 6511. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22°53'23''N 104°56'48''E at elev. 440-650 m. Secondary vegetation on limestone ridge and small limestone peaks. Rare lithophyte in deep shade. Leaves dark green, tepals white. 14 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6308. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Long Luong mun., Sang Cai village, 20°45'51''N 104°51'26''E at elev. 1300-1500 m. Primary wet broad-leaved, evergreen and semi-deciduous mossy forest along limestone ridge. Terrestrial and lithophytic herb. Flowers white, lip with 2 green spots at the base of epichile. 8 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7509.

15.44. Ch. marmorifolia Aver.

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Ba Be distr., Nam Mau mun., Ba Be N.P. around point 22°26'311N 105°36'669E, mt. between Khau Cum to Nam Dai. Logged primary evergreen closed broad-leaved forest on mt. top composed with crystalline highly eroded marble like limestone at elev. 386 m. Terrestrial herb 5 cm tall, in shady place. Rare. 25 December 2002, N.T. Hiep, D.H. Chung, VH. Van, HLF 650.

15.45. Ch. yunnanensis Rolfe

N. Vietnam, Quang Ninh prov., Ha Long Bay, Dau Go Cave around point 20°54'650N 107°01'149E, 16 February 2003, N.X. Tam, P.V The, NTH5468.

16. Cleisostoma Blume

16.46. C. crochetii (Guillaumin) Garay

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20°14'22''N 105°43'08''E. Primary valley forest at elev. 400 m. Epiphyte 20 cm. long. 2 December 1999, N.M. Cuong, D.T. Kien, M.V. Sinh, NMC 723. N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20°14'22''E 105°43'08''E. Limestone mt. forest, near peak at elev. 600 m. Epiphyte 20 cm long. 20 December 1999, N.M. Cuong, D.T. Kien, M.V. Sinh, NMC 773.

16.47. C. fuersteinbergianum Kraenzlin

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Minh Tan mun., Ban Ngay village, 23°00'37''N 104°54'46''E at elev. 225-620 m. Primary forest with Burretiodendron along limestone ridge on exposed rocks above river. Frequent epiphyte. 17 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 6477. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22°53'35''N 104°56'35''E at elev. 600-800 m. Secondary forest among limestone peaks and ridges. Common epiphyte. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6404.

16.48. C. paniculatum (Ker-Gawler) Garay

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'13''N 104O46'12''E at elev. 1100-1300 m. Primary broad-leaved closed wet forest along limestone ridge and slopes near tops. 7 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7420. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., Lum village, 21O00'17''N 104O29'08''E at elev. 1242 m. Primary vegetation with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. along limestone ridges. Frequent lithophyte. 3 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7201.

16.49. C. racemiferum (Lindley) Garay

N. Vietnam, Cuc Phuong N.P. Epiphyte. 2002, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, HAL s.n.

16.50. C. rostratum (Lodd.) Garay

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22O53'35''N 104O56'35''E at elev. 600-800 m. Secondary forest among limestone peaks and ridges. Occasional lithophyte, sometimes epiphyte, young stems and leaves with purple spots. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б41 б.

16.51. C. simondii (Gagnepain) Seidenf.

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., Lum village, 21O00'17''N 104O29'08''E at elev. 1242 m. Primary vegetation with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. along limestone ridges. Epiphyte. 3 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7202. N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Ba Thuoc distr., Co Lung mun., Khuyn village, around point 20O26'31''N 105O14'55''E. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved submontane forest on crystalline marble-like highly eroded limestone slopes of ridge near the top at elev. 700-800 m. Epiphyte. Not common. 18 September 2003, L. Averyanov, D.T. Doan, J. Regalado et al., HAL 30б8.

16.52. C. striatum (Reichenb. f.) Garay

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'35''N 104O46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Common epiphyte.

б March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7377.

16.53. C. williamsonii (Reichenb. f ) Garay

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Cho Don distr., Ban Thi mun., Phia Khao village, Lo Da locality 22O16'01''N 105O33'07''E. Primary closed evergreen dry coniferous forest with Fokienia hodginsii along tops of ridge composed with highly eroded crystalline limestone at elev. about 900 m. Epiphyte. 26 December 2002, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 830a. N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Cho Don distr., Ban Thi mun., Phia Khao village, around point 22O16'10''N 105O31'01''E at elev. 700-850 m. (Tang Gia mt.). Primary broad-leaved evergreen closed forest on very steep slopes and cliffs near and on tops of rocky ridge composed with solid marble-like stratified limestone. Epiphyte on high trees. Flowers yellowish with purple. Occasional.

22 May 2004, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, P. V. The et al., HAL 4775. N. Vietnam, Cao Bang prov., Trung Khanh distr., Ngoc Khe mun., Pac Nga village, around point 22°54'59''N 106°31'44''E at elev. 800-850 m. Remnants of primary broad-leaved evergreen and coniferous forest along tops of rocky ridges and mesas composed with light gray solid marble-like highly eroded crystalline limestone. Epiphyte. Flowers pink-violet. Occasional. 11 June 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, P.V. The et al., HAL 5621.

17. Coelogyne Lindley

17.54. C. ecarinata C. Schweinf.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., Bat Dai Son protected area, 23°09'04''N 104°59'53''E at elev. 1150 m. Primary and secondary forest on limestone ridge. Occasional lithophytic short vine. 12 February 2001, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6236.

17.55. C. fimbriata Lindley

N. Vietnam, Lai Chau prov., Muong Lay distr., Nam Hang mun., 22°08'24''N 102°58'29''E at elev. 400-700 m. Disturbed evergreen forest on limestone. Petals all dull light yellow, orange-brown on ridges of labellum, orange-brown on throat. Occasional lithophyte. 12 September 2000, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 5911. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Liem Phu mun., Khuoi Ngoa village, 21°59'31''N 104°19'05''E at elev. 1050 m. Secondary vegetation on limestone ridges. Frequent epiphyte on tall trees. 22 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6738. N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P. 21 September 2001, N.M. Cuong, NMC 1478; 23 November 2001, N.M. Cuong, NMC 1590. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., 20°46'18''N 104°47'45''E at elev. 1200-1350 m. Degraded forest on limestone. Flowers with light sweet fragrance, outer tepals and labellum with deep purple red, orange at base of throat. Frequent lithophyte. 6 September 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 5744. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'35''N 104°46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Lithophyte. Abundant. 6 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7363.

17.56. C. huettneriana Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., Vach Da Khi Nghu Valley, Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23°09'128N 104°59'730E. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved forest on steep slopes or tops of limestone mt. at elev. 1140 m. Common on ridge tops. 3 March 2003, T.V Thao, N.S. Khang, VT 90.

17.57. C. lockii Aver.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., Chong To Te Valley, Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23°08' 125N 105°00'787E. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved forest on steep slopes or

tops of limestone mt. at elev. 1332 m. Common on tops. 28 February 2003, T. V. Thao, N.S. Khang, VT бб. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., Chong To Te Valley, Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23O08'132N 105O00'777E. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved, forest on steep slopes or top of limestone mt. at elev. 1294 m. Common on tops. 28 February 2003, T.V. Thao, N.S. Khang, VT 73. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22O53'35''N 104O56'35''E at elev. 600800 m. Secondary forest among limestone peaks and ridges. Abundant lithophyte. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б415.

17.58. C. malipoensis Z.H. Tsi

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., Bat Dai Son Protected Area, 23O09'04''N 104O59'53''E at elev. 1150 m. Primary and secondary forest on limestone ridge. Occasional lithophyte. 12 February 2001, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б2б9.

18. Collabium Blume

18.59. C. chinense (Rolfe) Tang et F.T. Wang

S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Xuan Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., along Dong Truoi ridge and S slopes around point 16O14'11''N 107O44'28''E. Broad-leaved evergreen primary closed forest on very steep granite slope at elev. 800-900 m. Creeping terrestrial and lithophytic herb on rocky, very steep shady wet slope. Leaves dull yellowish-green with dirty violet irregular spots to uniform dull violet. Tepals light green, lip white with purple-violet marks. Locally common. 7 May 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 1738.

19. Corymborkis Thouars

19.60. C. veratrifolia (Reinw.) Blume

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Thanh Yen distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., Yen Son, Thanh Hoa to Thung Nhu, Thung Lan, 20O29.0N, 105O60.0E. Secondary forest on limestone at elev. 142 m. Terrestrial herb 0.5-1m tall. 9 December 2001, N.T. Hiep, NTH 53б4.

20. Cremastra Lindley

20.61. C. appendiculata (D. Don) Makino

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Cho Don distr., Ban Thi mun., Phia Khao village, around point 22O15'52''N 105O32'01''E at elev. 800-900 m. (Po Luong mt.). Primary broad-leaved evergreen closed forest on very steep slopes and cliffs near tops of rocky ridge composed with solid marble-like stratified limestone. Terrestrial tuberiferous herb with coralloid rhizome. Flower buds dull pink-violet. Very rare. 21 May 2004, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, P.V The et al., HAL 4742a.

21. Cryptochilus Wallich

21.62. C. lutea Lindley

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Cao Bo mun., Tam Ve village, 22°46'08''N 104°49'20''E at elev. 1250-1300 m. Semi-closed evergreen submontane broad-leaved forest. Occasional epiphyte on mossy tree trunk. 13 September 2000, D. Harder, N.Q. Hieu, N.T. Vinh et al., DKH 5511.

22. Cryptostylis R. Br.

22.63. C. arachnithes (Blume) Hassk.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Can Ty mun., Tia Sung Valley Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 22°05'792N 105°01'010E. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved forest on steep slopes of remnant tops of limestone mt. at elev. 1220 m. Terrestrial herb 20-30 cm tall. Lip red. 20 January

2003, N.T. Hiep, T.Q. Thao, NTH 5420. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Degraded primary and secondary wet evergreen broad-leaved forest (with Dacrydium and Dacrycarpus) along mt. river valley at elev. 1100-1150 m on sandstone. Terrestrial herb on shady river slope. Tepals light green, lip yellowish with brown-purple spots, anther yellow. Not common. 20 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5438.

23. Cymbidium Sw.

23.64. C. aloifolium (L.) Sw.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Minh Tan mun., Ban Ngay village, 23°00'37''N 104°54'46''E at elev. 225-620 m. Primary forest with Burretiodendron along limestone ridge on exposed rocks above river. Occasional lithophyte and epiphyte. 17 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 6465.

23.65. C. atropurpureum (Lindley) Rolfe

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved wet forest with Dacrycarpus imbricatus on steep mt. slopes on sandstone and gneiss at elev. 11001200 m. Epiphyte on high tree along forest stream. Not common. 17 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5275.

23.66. C. dayanum Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Liem Phu mun., Khuoi Ngoa village, 21°59'31''N 104°19'05''E at elev. 1050 m. Disturbed secondary vegetation on ridges and lower slopes. Epiphyte. 22 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6760.

23.67. C. devonianum Paxton*

S. Vietnam, Lam Dong prov., Dalat town, living collection in Institute of Tropical Biology (wild collected in Dalat town area). Flowers odorless, tepals olive-green, lip deep purple-violet, column green, anther light yellow. 16 April 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, HAL 4586 (Table 1, a).

23.68. C. ensifolium (L.) Sw.

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'18''N 104O47'45''E at elev. 1250-1375 m. Degraded limestone forest with Pinus fenzeliana. Terrestrial herb. Tepals light green, labellum light green with dull red-purple spots. Occasional. 7 October 2000, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, N.Q. Hieu et al., DKH 5814. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., Lum village, 21O00'17''N 104O29'08''E at elev. 1242 m. Primary vegetation with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridges and ridge tops. Terrestrial herb among rocks. 3 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7191. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., On Oc village, 20O59'06''N 104O28'46''E at elev. 1468 m. Primary forest along limestone ridge tops. Terrestrial and sometimes lithophytic. Occasional. 4 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Huong, DKH 72б4. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Primary evergreen broadleaved closed dry forest on steep slopes of granite mt. at elev. 1200 m. Terrestrial herb in shady places. Common. 14 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 50бб.

23.69. C. floribundum Lindley

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., Lum village, 21O00'17''N 104O29'08''E at elev. 1242 m. Primary vegetation with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridges and ridge tops. Rare lithophyte. 3 March

2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7175.

23.70. C. lancifolium Hook.

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'18''N 104O47'45''E at elev. 1300 m. Degraded limestone forest on rocky outcrops. Lithophytic herb in deep shade. Tepals light green with red-purple, labellum streaked red-purple. Rare. б October 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 57б1.

23.71. C. mastersii Griffith ex Lindley*

N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Ba Thuoc distr., Thanh Son mun., middle part of Pu Luong range, SE slopes of Phu Pha Phong peak around point 20O28'37''N 105O05'20''E along main ridge. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved closed submontane forest on basalt at elev. 1600-1650 m. Epiphyte. Rare. 7 October 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, D.T. Doan et al., HAL 4043 (Table 1, b).

23.72. C. sanderae Sander ex Rolfe

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Long Luong mun., Sang Cai village, 20O45'51''N 104O51'26''E, 1300-1500 m. Primary wet broad-leaved, evergreen and semi-deciduous mossy forest along limestone ridge. Large epiphyte on Livistona sp. Flowers odorless, tepals white with light pink tint and finest purple-violet stripes, lip with white background and pink tint at basal part, yellowish at center, all over with red-purple stripes and marks, column purple-violet, anther white, keels dull light yellowish-brown. Not common. 8 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 750б.

24. Cyrtosia Blume

24.73. C. integra (Downie) Garay

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Cho Don distr., Ban Thi mun., Phia Khao village, around point 22°17'31''N 105°31'51''E, Cau Muc mt. at elev. 800-900 m. Primary broad-leaved evergreen closed forest on very steep slopes and cliffs near tops of rocky ridge composed with solid marble-like stratified limestone. Terrestrial achloro-phyllous pink-brown saprophyte up to 0.6 m tall. Flowers light brown-yellow, lip yellow, column white. Fruits light brown-yellow with purple tint, juicy. Rare. 24 May 2004, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, P.V. The et al., HAL 4874. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., Bach Ma mt., Hai Vong Dai peak, around point 16°11'46''N 107°51'45''E at elev. 1300-1350 m. Mixed and broad-leaved evergreen primary closed mt. forest on steep granite slopes. Terrestrial saprophytic achlorophyllous herb with inflorescence up to 1.2 m tall on steep shady slope. Tepals light olive green, lip yellow with white center. Occasional. 18 April 2003, V.X. Phuong, L. Averyanov, N.X. Tam et al., HLF 934.

24.74. C. nana (Rolfe ex Downie) Garay*

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20°19'21''N 105°38'39''E. Herb 20 cm, stem pinkish, flowers yellowish-white, fruits pinkish-brown. 26 June 2002, N.M. Cuong et al., NMC 1665. N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Thach Thanh distr., Thanh Yen mun., Mo village, around point 20°17'36''N 105°35'54''. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved lowland valley forest between limestone hills at elev. about 250 m. Achlorophyllous terrestrial mycotrophic herb 5-10 cm tall. Fruits juicy, reddish-pink. Rare. 9 January 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh et al., HAL 2896 (TTable 1, c).

25. Dendrobium Sw.

25.75. D. aduncum Wallich ex Lindley

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Na Ri distr., Liem Thuy mun., Na Bo village, around point 21°56'44''N 106°05'09''E at elev. 300-600 m. Primary fractionally logged broad-leaved evergreen forest on very steep slopes and cliffs of rocky ridge composed with white solid marble-like crystalline limestone. Epiphyte and lithophyte. Flowers light purple-violet. Occasional. 29 May 2004, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, P.V. The et al., HAL 5403. N. Vietnam, Cao Bang prov., Trung Khanh distr., Ngoc Khe mun., Pac Nga village, around point 22°54'59''N 106°31'44''E at elev. 800-850 m. Remnants of primary broad-leaved and coniferous forest on ridge tops and on very steep slopes and cliffs of rocky ridges and mesas composed with light gray solid marble-like highly eroded crystalline limestone. Lithophyte. Flowers light violet-purple, lip white with pink tint, anther deep violet, column white to light green. Occasional. 9 June 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, P.V. The et al., HAL 5492. N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20°31.0N 105°64.0E at elev. 250 m. Primary forest. Epiphyte, flowers pinkish-white. 24 June 2000, N.M. Cuong, NMC 878.

25.76. D. aphyllum (Roxb.) C. Fischer

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Ba Be distr., Ba Be N.P. Epiphyte. Living sample collected in Ba Be at 12 2002 flowered in Hanoi in 19 March 2003, P.K. Loc, P 10б27. S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., E slopes on Nui Chua mt. to NEE of point 11O43'52''N 109O08'35''E at elev. 600-700 m. Primary evergreen dry forest on steep rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Epiphyte along shady rocky stream valley. Flowers not fragrant, tepals white with violet tint, lip white with violet center of the base coming with violet stripes to side lobes, column white, anther violet. Occasional. 5 April 2004, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4бб4.

25.77. D. capillipes Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Lai Chau prov., Muong Te distr., about 15 km to the E of Muong Te townlet, limestone mt. at elev. 800-1000 m. Epiphyte. Cultivated and flowered in Hanoi at 15 March 2003, P.K. Loc, P 10б22.

25.78. D. capillipes Reichenb. f. var. braianense (Gagnepain) Aver., comb.

nov. 1

N. Vietnam, Lai Chau prov., Muong Te distr., about 15 km to the E of Muong Te townlet, limestone mt. at elev. 800-1000 m. Epiphyte. Cultivated and flowered in Hanoi at 15 March 2003, P.K. Loc, P 10б23.

25.79. D. cariniferum Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Can Ty mun., Ha Tung Sung Valley, Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23O05'808N, 105O01'020N. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved forest on steep slopes or top of limestone mt. at elev. 900 m. 17 January 2003, T.V. Thao, N.S. Khang, VT14.

25.80. D. chrysanthum Lindley

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'35''N 104O46'31''E at elev., 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Lithophytic herb with shoots up to 1.5 m long. Very common. б March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7329. N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Ba Thuoc distr., Thanh Son mun., SW macro slope of middle part of Pu Luong range around point 20O28'30''N 105O05'16''E. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved closed submontane forest on basalt at elev. 1500-1550 m. Lithophyte on open mossy cliff. Flowers yellow, lip with chestnut spot. Not common. 10 October 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, D.T. Doan et al., HAL 4314.

25.81. D. chrysotoxum Lindley

1 Dendrobium capillipes Reichenb. f. var. braianense (Gagnepain) Aver., comb. nov. -

D. braianense Gagnepain, 1938, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) s. 2, 10 : 436. - D. sukhakulii Seidenf. 1977, Contrib. Orch. Fl. Thailand 13 : 24, nom. invalid. - D. ejirii Yukawa, 1997, Ann. Tsukuba Bot. Gard. 16 : 25. Described from southern Vietnam ("S. of Blao, Pnom Saooum", "Braian Massif, n. Djiring". Syntypes ("Poilane 22077", "Poilane 24024") - P.

Closely related to D. capillipes (see Ormerod, 2001, Oasis, Suppl. 2 : 8). Different in larger dimensions of all part of the plant and flowers and in small arista on mid vein behind the apex on sepals.

S. Vietnam, Pleicu-Lam Dong prov. Flowers bright yellow, Tussilago fragrant. 1984, Averyanov et al., LX-VN s.n.

25 .82. D. chrysotoxum Lindley var. delacourii Gagnepain

N. Vietnam. Lai Chau prov., Muong Te distr., about 15 km to the E of Muong Te townlet, limestone mt. at elev. 800-1000 m. Epiphyte. Cultivated and flowered in Hanoi at 15 March 2003, P.K. Loc, P 10624.

25.83. D. dentatum Seidenf.

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. Primary forest on limestone mt. peak. Epiphyte 20 cm long. Flowers dull yellow. 105°43'08'E 20°14'22'E. 1 December

1999, N.M. Cuong, D.T. Kien, M.V. Sinh, NMC 707. N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong mun., Cuc Phuong N.P., around point 20°14'52''N 105°40'35''E. Remnants ofprimary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved lowland dry forest on limestone hills at elev. 300-350 m. Lithophytic herb on mossy open rocks on top of hill. Flowers white. Very common. 8 January 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.M. Cuong et al., HAL 2863. N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Ba Thuoc distr., Co Lung mun., Khuyn village, around point 20°26'31''N 105°14'55''E. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved and coniferous submontane forest on crystalline marble-like highly eroded limestone, tops of limestone ridge at elev. 700-800 m. Lithophyte and epiphyte. Common.

17 September 2003, L. Averyanov, D.T. Doan, J. Regalado et al., HAL 3009. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved wet forest on steep mt. slopes on sandstone and gneiss at elev. 1000-1200 m. Epiphyte on high tree. Not rare. Flowers white, light yellowish, lip with 2 orange spots on tips of keels and purple nerves on side-lobes. 15 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, PH. Hoang, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5152. S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., NE slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11°43'52''N 109°08'35''E at elev. 800-950 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Epiphyte. Flowers white, lip with purple-violet stripes. Very common. 30 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4374.

25.84. D. ellipsophyllum Tang et F T. Wang

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary broad-leaved and mixed evergreen dry mt. forest with Dacrydium and Dacrycarpus at elev. 1100-1200 m on sandstone. Epiphyte on high tree. Tepals white, light yellowish, lip light brownish-yellow, with brown keels. Rare. 21 April 2000, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5528.

25 .85. D. falconeri Hook *

N. Vietnam, Lai Chau-Son La provinces. Broad-leaved forest on limestone at elev. about 1000 m. Flowers white, tepals with violet-purple tips, lip with deep purple-brown center bordered with bright yellow, apex purple-violet, column white, anther violet. Locally common. Cultivated and flowered in Hanoi. 21 May 2003, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, HAL 2904 (Table 1, d).

25.86. D. faulhaberianum Schltr.

S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., primary mixed and broad-leaved evergreen forest on N slopes of Bach Ma range around point 16O11'10''N 107O50'18''E at elev. 1100-1200 m. Epiphyte in shady wet place. Occasional.

26 April 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 132б. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Xuan Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., along Dong Truoi ridge around point 16O14'11''N 107O44'28''E. Broad-leaved evergreen primary closed forest on very steep granite slope at elev. 800-900 m. Epiphyte on high tree. Flowers fragrant, light violet, anther deep violet. Common. 7 May 2003, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. T. Vinh et al., HLF 1747.

25.87. D. fimbriatum Hook.

N. Vietnam, Lai Chau prov., Muong Te distr., about 15 km to the E of Muong Te town, epiphyte on high tree on limestone mt. at elev. about 800 m. Cultivated and flowered in Hanoi at 15 March 2003, T.T. Anh, P.K. Loc, P-10621. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Nam Xe mun., Nam Xi Tan village, 22O02'57"N 103O58'35''E at elev. 700-1120 m. Secondary forest at top of ridge on eroded granite. Occasional epiphyte. Flower buds light yellow-green. 26 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH б975. N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20O30.0N 105O67.0E at elev. 180 m. Primary forest on limestone mt. Epiphyte, 1m, flowers orange, lip purple inside. 12 April 2002, N.M. Cuong, NMC 1б01.

25.88. D. gratiosissimum Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Lai Chau prov. Broad-leaved forest on limestone at elev. about 1000 m. Cultivated and flowered in Hanoi. Tepals white with violet light tint on toward the tips, lip white, with yellow center and pink-violet tint at apex. 21 May 2003, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, HAL 2909. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., about 7 km to the W of Son La city, around 21O18'N 103O48'E at elev. 700-800 m. Epiphyte in closed evergreen tropical seasonal broad-leaved submontane forest on limestone. 9 March 2004, T.T. Anh, P.K. Loc, P-10701B.

25.89. D. hancockii Rolfe

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'35''N 104O46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Epiphyte. Locally abundant. б March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7379.

25.90. D. henryi Schltr.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Cao Bo mun., Tam Ve village 22O45'52''N 104O51'E at elev. 1250 m. Degraded evergreen, broad-leaved forest on granite mt. Epiphyte and lithophyte. Flowers yellow, lip dark yellow. Rather common at elev. 9501250 m. 8 September 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.Q. Hieu et al., DKH 5305.

25.91. D. jenkinsii Wallich ex Lindley*

N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov. Cultivated and flowered in Hanoi. Flowers yellow. 21 May 2003, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, HAL 2910.

25 .92. D. kontumense Gagnepain

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary wet mossy mt. coniferous forest on sandstone along ridge tops at elev. 1200 m. Epiphyte. Rare. 22 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5553.

25.93. D. lindleyi Steudel

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22°53'35''N 104°56'35''E at elev. 600-800 m. Secondary vegetation on limestone ridge and small limestone peaks. Occasional. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6413.

25.94. D. linguella Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. Primary forest on limestone mt., 20°18'03"N 105°40'15''E. Epiphytic herb 20 cm tall, flowers pinkish-white. 12 July

2002, N.M. Cuong et al., NMC 1671.

25 .95. D. loddigesii Rolfe

N. Vietnam, Lai Chou prov. Flowers fragrant (like Viola odorata), tepals white or with very light violet tint, lip white with bright yellow center, column and anther white, ovary light green (albino form). 21 April 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, HAL 4599. N. Vietnam, Nghe An prov., Con Cuong distr., Binh Chuan mun., ridge of Pu Pha Cau limestone mt., 19°18'13.3''N, 104°53'50.2''E at elev. 11001250 m. Epiphyte in Fokienia forest. 26 February 2004, V.M. Son, N.T. Vinh, HLF 3146.

25 .96. D. longicornu Lindley

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Can Ty mun., Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23°06'842N 104°59'131N. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved forest on steep slopes or top of limestone mt. at elev. 1128 m. Epiphytic herb on steep slopes. Common on top with Xanthocyparis vietnamensis and Pseudotsuga sinensis. 25 January 2003, T.V Thao, N.S. Khang, VT 47. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Cao Bo mun., Tam Ve village 22°46'18''N 104°49'01''E at elev. 1500-1700 m. Semi-closed, evergreen and semi-deciduous mt. forest along ridge. Epiphyte. Tepals white, labellum lip bright orange streaked into tube, sweet smell. Occasional. 16 September 2000, D. Harder, N. Q. Hieu, N.T. Vinh et al., DKH 5596. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Thuan Chau distr., Phong Lai mun., Pha Din Pass 21°33'07''N 103°33'16''E at elev. 1200 m. Degraded vegetation along roadside. Tepals white, nectary spur dull orange, edge of labellum and medially into throat orange. Frequent. 25 September 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.V Du, DKH 5677.

25.97. D. moschatum (Ham.-Buch.) Sw.

S. Vietnam, Lam Dong prov., Dalat town, private collection, wild collected plant in Dalat town area. Flowers odorless, tepals yellow, lip yellow with chestnut-brown spot at the base. 14 April 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, HAL 4579.

25.98. D. nobile Lindley

N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Ba Thuoc distr., Co Lung mun., Eo Dieu village, around point 20O25'56''N 105O14'12''E. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved and coniferous submontane forest on crystalline marble-like highly eroded limestone, very steep upper slopes and tops of limestone rocky ridge at elev. 800-850 m. Epiphyte. Occasional. 23 September 2003, L. Averyanov, D.T. Doan, J. Regalado et al., HAL 3341. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., N slope of Bach Ma mt. system around point 16O13'53''N 107O49'02''E at elev. about 100 m. Broad-leaved evergreen wet secondary closed forest along rocky river valley and on river slopes. Flowers odorless, tepals light yellowish white with light violet tips, lip light dull yellowish white with yellow center at the base and deep purple violet lateral spots near the base, column green, anther violet. Not common. 2 May 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 1519b; HLF 1577.

25.99. D. signatum Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Lai Chou prov. Cultivated and collected in Hanoi. Flowers odorless, tepals light olive green, petals with white apex having light violet tint, lip white to light greenish with yellow center and deep dirty violet lateral spots at the base, column green, anther deep violet, ovary dark olive-violet-green. 21 April 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, HAL 4б00.

25.100. D. spathella Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Minh Tan mun., Ban Ngay village, 23O00'37''N 104O54'46''E at elev. 225-620 m. Primary forest with Burretiodendron on limestone ridge on exposed rocks above river. Occasional epiphyte with stem to 0.4 m long. 17 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH б475. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Nam Xe mun., Nam Xi Tan village, 22O02'57''N 103O58'35''E at elev. 700-1120 m. Secondary forest at top of ridge on eroded granite. Frequent epiphyte. 26 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N. T. Hiep et al., DKH б8бб. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved wet forest on steep mt. slopes on sandstone and gneiss at elev. 1000-1200 m. Epiphyte on high tree. Not rare. 15 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5154. S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., NEE slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11O43'52"N 109O08'35''E at elev. 600-700 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Epiphyte. Flowers white, lip with fine purple marks. Very common. 27 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4238.

25.101. D. suzukii Yukawa

N. Vietnam, Lai Chau prov. Broad-leaved forest on limestone at elev. about 1000 m. Flowers white, tepals with light green nerves, lip with deep bright red center and side lobes, apex with green tint, column white, anther greenish. Not common. Cultivated and flowered in Hanoi. 21 May 2003, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, HAL 2905.

25.102. D. trigonopus Reichenb. f.*

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., about 7 km to the W of Son La city, around 21°18'N 103°48'E at elev. 700-800 m. Epiphytic, in the closed evergreen tropical seasonal broad-leaved submontane forest on limestone. Flowers yellow. Cultivated and flowered in Hanoi. 9 March 2004, T.T. Anh, P.K. Loc, P-10701; HAL s.n. (Table 1, e).

25 .103. D. truncatum Lindley

N. Vietnam, Ha Tinh prov., Huong Son distr., Son Hong mun., around point 18°34'06''N 105°11'40''E. Primary broad-leaved evergreen forest on steep mt. slopes composed with granite along Khe Van stream at elev. 400-450 m. Epiphyte. Flowers white, lip with purple nerves. Very common. 8 May 2004, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, P.V The et al., HAL 5197.

25.104. D. umbonatum Seidenf.*

N. Vietnam, Lai Chau prov. Broad-leaved forest on limestone at elev. about 1000 m. Flowers white, lip with light yellow center and purple nerves at the base, menthum with pink-violet tint, column and anther white. Not common. Cultivated and flowered in Hanoi. 21 May 2003, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, HAL 2906 (Table 1, f).

25.105. D. uniflorum Griffith

S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., NEE slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11°43'52''N 109°08'35''E at elev. 600-700 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Epiphyte. Flowers: tepals white to light yellowish, lip yellowish with 3-5 brown stripes. Occasional.

27 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4239.

25.106. D. wardianum Warner

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., about 7 km to the W of Son La city, around 21°18'N 103°48'E at elev. 700-800 m. Epiphytic, in closed evergreen tropical seasonal broadleaved submontane forest on limestone. Cultivated and flowered in Hanoi. 9 March

2004, T.T. Anh, P.K. Loc, P-10701A.

26. Didymoplexiopsis Seidenf.

26.107. D. khiriwongensis Seidenf.

N. Vietnam, Ha Tinh prov., Huong Son distr., Son Kim mun., Rao Bun stream around point 18°23'39''N 105°15'12''E. Primary broad-leaved evergreen closed forest on very steep mt. slopes composed with shale at elev. 350-450 m. Small achlorophyllous gray-yellowish saprophyte. Flowers white, light fragrant, lip with white, finely gray spotted callus above and with yellow-brown spot below. Occasionally common. 3 May

2004, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, P.V. The et al., HAL 5040. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., N slope of Bach Ma mt. system, to the N of point 16°11'50"N 107°50'44''E at elev. 400-600 m. Mixed and broad-leaved evergreen primary closed wet mt. forest with Shorea stellata and Dacrycarpus imbricatus along narrow ridge and on very steep sandstone/shale slopes. Terrestrial achlorophyllous saprophyte on very steep rocky slope along waterfall cliff. Flowers white, lip at face with callus with finest gray marks, behind with large orange-brown central spot. Rare.

28 April 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 1391. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Xuan Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., steep N slopes of Dong Truoi ridge around point 16O14'11''N 107O44'28''E at elev. 600-700 m. Broad-leaved evergreen secondary closed forest. White terrestrial achlorophyllous saprophytic herb in shady place. Flowers white, lip with callus having numerous finest gray marks, on lower surface with large orange-brown spot. Very rare. 9 May 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 1829.

27. Didymoplexis Griffith

27.108. D. pallens Griffith

N. Vietnam, Hoa Binh prov., Da Bac distr., about 2-3 km to the E of Doan Ket village, 20O54'55''N 105O02'18''E. Primary broad-leaved evergreen mt. wet forest on silicate sandstones at elev. 900-1136 m. Terrestrial tuberiferous saprophyte with pinkish-white stem. Very rare. 2 April 2001, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, D.T. Doan et al., HAL 517. S. Vietnam, Lam Dong prov., Lac Duong distr., mun. Da Chay, 3638 km to NE from Dalat city. Closed primary dry evergreen broad-leaved mt. forest at elev. 1550-1600 m alt. in 12-14 km from Bi Dup main peak to the NNW. Achlorophyllous saprophyte. Not too rare. 8 April 1997, L. Averyanov, N.Q. Binh, VH 3781. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., N slope of Bach Ma mt. system, to the N of point 16O11'50''N 107O50'44''E at elev. 400500 m. Broad-leaved evergreen primary closed wet mt. forest along narrow ridge and on very steep sandstone/shale slopes. Terrestrial achlorophyllous saprophyte on shady ridge slope. Very rare. 28 April 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 1391a.

27.109. D. vietnamica Ormerod

N. Vietnam, Cuc Phuong N.P. Forest on limestone 30-40 m tall. Saprophytic herb; stems purple; fruit capsule purple-brown. 1 April 1997, Henk van der Werff Bruce Gray, N.K. Dao, 14201.

28. Epigeneium Gagnepain

28.110. E. amplum (Lindley) Summerh.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22O53'35''N 104O56'35''E at elev. 600-800 m. Secondary vegetation on limestone ridge and small limestone peaks. Occasional creeping lithophytic vine, very common on top of ridge. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б403. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Nam Xe mun., Nam Xi Tan village, 22O02'57''N 103O58'35''E at elev. 700-1120 m. Secondary forest at top of ridge on eroded granite. Epiphytic vine to 1 m long. Abundant. 26 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH б900. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village around point 20O46'18''N 104O47'45''E at elev. 12001350 m. Rocky outcrops on degraded limestone mt. Occasional epiphyte with stems to

5 m. Sepals yellow-orange, labellum inside spotted in deep red-purple. б October 2000,

D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 5760. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'35''N 104°46'31''E at elev. 14001500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Creeping lithophytic and epiphytic vine 1-2 m long. Abundant. 6 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7373.

28.111. E. chapaense Gagnepain

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., Bat Dai Son Protected Area, 23°09'04''N 104°59'53''E at elev. 1150 m. Primary and secondary forest on limestone ridge. Occasional. Young fruit red to red-green. 12 February 2001, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6265. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, Phong Quang Nature Reserve, 22°52'04''N 104°57'32''E at elev. 300-1050 m. Primary forest on limestone ridges and cliffs. Occasional epiphyte. 16 February 2001, D. Harder, L. Averyanov, DKH 6444. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Liem Phu mun., Khuoi Ngoa village, 21°59'31''N 104°19'05''E at elev. 1050 m. Secondary vegetation on limestone ridges. Occasional epiphyte on tall trees. 22 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6694. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Nam Xe mun., Nam Xi Tan village, 22°02'57''N 103°58'35''E at elev. 700-1120 m. Secondary forest at top of ridge on eroded granite. Frequent epiphyte on high tree. 26 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 6903. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'35''N 104°46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Epiphyte. Abundant. 6 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7370.

28.112. E. labuanum (Lindley) Summerh.

N. Vietnam, Nghe An prov., Con Cuong distr., Binh Chuan mun., ridge of Pu Pha Cau limestone mt., 19°18'13.3''N, 104°53'50.2''E at elev. 1100-1250 m. Epiphyte in Fokienia forest. Flowers white. 26 February 2004, V.M. Son, N.T. Vinh, HLF3139. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'35''N 104°46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Lithophyte and epiphyte. Tepals white with pink tint, lip with yellow spot at the center and brownish-purple keels. Abundant. 6 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7360; DKH 7373a.

29. Epipogium R. Br.

29.113. E. roseum (D. Don) Lindley

N. Vietnam, Ha Tinh prov., Huong Son distr., Son Hong mun., around point 18°34'06''N 105°11'40''E. Primary broad-leaved evergreen forest on steep mt. slopes composed with granite along Khe Van stream at elev. 400-450 m. Terrestrial achloro-phyllous white tuberiferous saprophyte. Flowers white, lip white, sometimes with fine light pink marks. Occasional. 8 May 2004, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, P. V. The et al., HAL 5214.

30. Eria Lindley

30.114. E. boniana (Gagnepain) Tang et F.T. Wang

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'13''N 104O46'12''E at elev. 1100-1300 m. Primary broad-leaved closed wet forest along limestone ridge and slopes near tops. Lithophyte on vertical cliff of N exposition. Flowers light greenish-yellow, lip at center with light pink-violet keels. Locally abundant.

7 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7425. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'35''N 104O46'31''E at elev. 1200-1250 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest on limestone ridge and cliffs of N exposition. Lithophytic creeping herb on vertical cliff. Flowers odorless, light greenish, base of column and lip keels reddish-brown, center of epichile pink, anther yellow. Common. 5 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7323. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., On Oc village, 20O59'06''N 104O28'46''E at elev. 1468 m. Primary forest along limestone ridge tops. Occasional lithophyte on vertical walls. Sepals and petals light green, lip pink with raised red-pink ridges, anther light green. 4 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Huong, DKH 7272.

30.115. E. calcarea V.N. Long et Aver.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Minh Tan mun., Ban Ngay village, 23O00'37''N 104O54'46''E at elev. 225-620 m. Primary forest with Burretiodendron on limestone ridge on exposed rocks above river. Occasional epiphyte on tall tree. 17 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH б478.

30.116. E. corneri Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20O29.0N 105O59.0E. Thung Mu and Thung Lan of Thanh Yen. Limestone forest along stream. Epiphyte. 8 December 2001, N.T. Hiep, NTH 53б0; 11 December 2001, N.T. Hiep, N.T. Vinh, M.V Xinh, NTH 5394.

30.117. E. coronaria (Lindley) Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Can Ty mun., Ha Tung Sung Valley, Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23O05'808N 105O01'020E. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved, forest on steep slopes or top of limestone mt. at elev. 1060 m. Lithophytic herb on steep slopes. Common. 12 January 2003, T.V. Thao, N.S. Khang, VT 4. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'35''N 104O46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Lithophyte. Abundant. б March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 73б2. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., Lum village, 21O00'17''N 104O29'08''E at elev. 1242 m. Primary vegetation with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. along limestone ridges. Frequent lithophyte. New shoots with bright red-purple spots on new leaves and bracts. 3 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 71б9.

30.118. E. foetida Aver.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., Bat Dai Son Protected Area, 23°09'04''N 104°59'53''E at elev. 1150 m. Primary and secondary forest on limestone ridge top. Occasional epiphyte. 12 February 2001, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6260. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Can Ty mun., Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23°06'842N 104°59'131E. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved forest on steep slopes or tops of limestone mt. at elev. 1128 m. Epiphytic herb on steep slopes. Common, on top withXanthocyparis vietnamensis and Pseudotsuga sinensis. 25 January 2003, T.V. Thao, N.S. Khang, VT48. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'35''N 104°46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Epiphyte and lithophyte. Abundant. 6 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7365. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'13''N 104°46'12''E at elev. 1100-1300 m. Primary broad-leaved closed wet forest along limestone ridge and slopes near tops. Epiphyte. Flowers with sweetish unpleasant smell, dull yellow, tip of the lip deep yellow. Very common. 7 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7394.

30.119. E. gagnepainii A. Hawkes et A.H. Heller

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved wet forest on steep mt. slopes on sandstone and gneiss at elev. 1000-1200 m. Lithophyte in shady wet place along stream. Not common. 15 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5156.

30.120. E. lactiflora Aver.

S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., NE slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11°43'52''N 109°08'35''E at elev. 800-950 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Epiphyte. Flowers very fragrant (like Viola odorata), tepals pure white, lip white with light lemon-yellow central keels. Not common. 30 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4377.

30.121. E. lasiopetala (Willd.) Ormerod

S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., NEE slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11°43'52''N 109°08'35''E at elev. 600-700 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Epiphyte. Tepals light yellow, lip light yellow with fine brown marks in the center. Very common.

27 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4219.

30.122. E. paniculata Lindley

N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Liem Phu mun., Khuoi Ngoa village, 21°59'31''N 104°19'05''E at elev. 1050 m. Secondary vegetation on limestone ridges. Epiphyte on tall trees. 22 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6737.

30.123. E. pannea Lindley

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., Bat Dai Son Protected Area, 23O09'04''N 104O59'53''E at elev. 1150 m. Primary and secondary forest on limestone ridge. Frequent lithophyte. 12 February 2001, D. Harder, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б232. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Can Ty mun., Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23O06'842N 104O59'131N. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved forest on steep slopes or tops of limestone mt. at elev. 1128 m. Lithophytic herb on steep slopes. Common, on top with Xanthocyparis vietnamensis and Pseudotsuga sinensis. 25 January 2003, T.V. Thao, N.S. Khang, VT 49. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Minh Tan mun., Ban Ngay village, 23O00'37''N 104O54'46''E at elev. 225-620 m. Primary forest with Burretiodendron on limestone ridge on exposed rocks above river. Common epiphyte. 17 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH б509. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved wet forest with Dacrycarpus imbricatus on steep mt. slopes on sandstone and gneiss at elev. 1100-1200 m. Creeping epiphyte on high trees. Flowers dull yellow, lip deep violet-brown. Common. 17 April

2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5299.

30.124. E. pusilla (Griffith) Lindley

N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Liem Phu mun., Khuoi Ngoa village, 21O59'31''N 104O19'05''E at elev. 1050 m. Secondary vegetation on limestone ridges. Occasional on steep slope. Bracts on young shoots red-purple. 22 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б741. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Primary wet mossy mt. coniferous forest on sandstone (with Pinus dalatensis, Fokienia hodginsii, Dacrydium elatum, Dacrycarpus imbricatus) along ridge tops at elev. 1200 m. Epiphyte on mossy trees in shady place. Rare. 22 April 2000, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 55б9. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., S slope of Bach Ma mt., below Hai Vong Dai peak, around point 16O11'65''N 107O51'53''E at elev. about 1150 m. Mixed and broad-leaved evergreen secondary closed mt. forest on steep shale/granite slopes and cliffs. Creeping lithophytic herb on open wet waterfall cliff. Locally common. 20 April 2003, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh, HLF 1179. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., SW slope of Bach Ma mt. system around point 16O11'22''N 107O50'48''E at elev. 750-850 m. Broad-leaved evergreen primary closed forest along very steep rocky slopes and bluffs of high waterfall faced to the S. Creeping lithophyte on shady mossy rocks and cliffs. Very common. 4 May 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 1599.

30.125. E. siamensis Schltr.

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'13''N 104O46'12''E at elev. 1100-1300 m. Primary broad-leaved closed wet forest along limestone ridge and slopes near tops. Epiphyte and lithophyte. Not rare. 7 March

2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7421.

30.126. E. sutepensis Rolfe ex Downie

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Minh Tan mun., Ban Ngay village, 23°00'37''N 104°54'46''E at elev. 225-620 m. Primary forest with Burretiodendron on limestone ridge on exposed rocks above river. Occasional epiphyte on large tree. 17 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 6469.

30.127. E. thao Gagnepain

N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Liem Phu mun., Khuoi Ngoa village, 21°58'08''N 104°21'00''E at elev. 520-1120 m. Primary and secondary forest with Fokienia hodginsii on quartzite and limestone. Epiphyte. 21 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6588. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'13''N 104°46'12''E, at elev. 1100-1300 m. Primary broad-leaved closed wet forest along limestone ridge and slopes near tops. Epiphyte. Very common. 7 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7417.

31. Erythrodes Blume

31.128. E. blumei (Lindley) Schltr.

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. 20°18'27''N 105°41'16''E. Herb 25-30 cm tall, flowers green-white. 20 March 2002, M. V. Xinh et al., MVX173.

32. Erythrorchis Blume

32.129. E. ochobiensis (Hayata) Garay

S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., SE slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11°43'52''N 109°08'35''E at elev. 800-950 m. Primary evergreen dry forest on steep rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Achlorophyllous leafless olive-yellowish to dull pink saprophytic vine with dry fruits 6-10 m long. Tepals light yellowish-brown, lip light yellow-brown, side lobes with fine gray stripes, column and anther light yellow. Rare. 4 April 2004, N. T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, N. T. Vinh et al., HLF 4603.

33. Flickingeria A. Hawkes

33.130. F. angustifolia (Blume) A. Hawkes

N. Vietnam, Ha Tinh prov., Huong Son distr., Son Hong mun., around point 18°34'06''N 105°11'40''E. Primary broad-leaved dry closed evergreen forest on very steep mt. slopes of Khe Sinh stream canyon and along ridge composed with shale at elev. 800-1100 m. near Laotian border. Epiphyte on high trees. Flowers dull yellow, lip dull yellow with two deep purple-violet keels. Common. 11 May 2004, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, P.V. The et al., HAL 5338. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Nam Xe mun., Khau Co Pass, 22°02'35"N 103°57'23''E at elev. 1150 m. Degraded forest on granite substrate. Epiphyte. 27 February 2001, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6994. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu

mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Primary broad-leaved and mixed (with Dacrydium and Dacrycarpus) evergreen dry mt. forest at elev. 1100-1200 m on sandstone. Epiphyte on high tree. Not rare. 21 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5534. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Remnants of primary broad-leaved evergreen mt. forest on sandstone slopes at elev. 1100-1200 m. Epiphytic undershrub with pendant shoots up to 1 m long on old tree along river. Flowers reddish-pink. Not rare. 26 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N. T. Vinh et al., VH 5740. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Xuan Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., along Dong Truoi ridge around point 16O14'11''N 107O44'28''E. Broad-leaved evergreen primary closed forest on very steep granite slope at elev. 900-1160 m. Epiphyte on high tree. Tepals light yellowish, lip ochre-yellow with 2 deep purple-violet central spots. Occasional. 7 May 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 1782.

33.131. F. fimbriata (Blume) A. Hawkes

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Primary wet mossy mt. coniferous forest on sandstone (with Pinus dalatensis, Fokienia hodginsii, Dacrydium elatum and Dacrycarpus imbricatus) along ridge tops at elev. 1200 m. Epiphyte undershrub with shoots up to 1 m hg. Rare. 22 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5570.

33.132. F. fugax (Reichenb. f.) Seidenf.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22O53'35''N 104O56'35''E at elev. 600-800 m. Secondary forest among limestone peaks and ridges. Occasional creeping lithophyte to 0.5 m tall. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б411.

34. Galeola Lour.

34.133. G. nudifolia Lour.

N. Vietnam, Ha Tinh prov., Huong Son distr., Son Hong mun., Song Con stream around point 18O34'06''N 105O11'40''E. Primary broad-leaved evergreen riparian forest with Platanus kerrii and Duabanga grandiflora on rocky river valley composed with shale and sandstone at elev. 200-250 m. Achlorophyllous terrestrial yellowish-pink vine 2-3 m long. Flowers light yellow to yellow. Rare. 30 April 2004, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, P.V. The et al., HAL 5000. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Sa Pa distr., Thai Bac, around point 22O21'06''N 103O46'18''E at elev. 1900-2000 m. Degraded secondary forest in grassy place. Saprophyte. Fruits dark red, fruit flesh white, seed brown with clear aril wing, rhizome bracts red, shiny. Rare. 14 October 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 5992.

35. Gastrochilus D. Don

35.134. G. acutifolius (Lindley) Kuntze

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved lowland dry forest on steep rocky slope of limestone hills. 8 January

2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.M. Cuong, N.T. Vinh, HAL 2900.

35.135. G. bigibbus (Reichenb. f. ex Hook. f.) Kuntze

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20°35.0N 105°60.0E. Primary forest on limestone at lower end of the slopes. 12 December

1999, D.D. Soejarto, N.M. Cuong, N.T. Hiep, N.V Du, DDS 11305a.

35.136. G. calceolaris (J.E. Sm.) D. Don

N. Vietnam, Nghe An prov., Con Cuong distr., Binh Chuan mun., ridge of Pu Pha Cau limestone mt., 19°18'13.3''N, 104°53'50.2''E at elev. 1100-1250 m. Epiphyte in Fokienia forest. Flowers bright yellow with brownish red traces; lip white fimbriate.

26 February 2004, V.M. Son, N.T. Vinh, HLF 3138. N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20°22'75''N 105°34'37''E. Dense somewhat wet forest remnants on slope at elev. 350 m. Lip delicate pink with darker pink margins and yellow center, petals and sepals dirty white with light brown dots. Epiphyte. 11 December

2000, D.D. Soejarto, N.M. Cuong, T.Q. Bich, DDS 11729. N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P. Limestone forest. Epiphyte on Streblus macrophyllus. Labellum with point violet and yellow. 12 December 1999, N.T. Hiep, NTH 4102; 8 December 2001, N.T. Hiep, NTH 5356. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., On Oc village, 20°59'06''N 104°28'46''E at elev. 1468 m. Primary forest along limestone ridge tops. Epiphyte. Sepals and petals light green with dark purple spots, lip fringed in pure white, deep red near column, hypochile yellow with red spots, anther yellow. 4 March 2001, D. Harder, P. K. Loc, N. T. Huong, DKH 7278.

35.137. G. intermedius (Griffith ex Lindley) Kuntze

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20°35.0N 105°60.0E. Primary forest on limestone at lower end of the slopes. 12 December

1999, D.D. Soejarto, N.M. Cuong, N.T. Hiep, N.V. Du, DDS 11305b.

35.138. G. intermedius (Griffith ex Lindley) Kuntze

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. Primary forest on limestone mt. peak. Epiphyte 20 cm long. Flowers dull yellow. 105°43'08''E 20°14'22''E. 1 December 1999, N.M. Cuong, D.T. Kien, M.V. Sinh, NMC 718. N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. 1 February 2000, N.T. Hiep, NTH 3061.

35.139. G. obliquus (Lindley) Kuntze

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved lowland dry forest on steep rocky slope of limestone hills. 8 January 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.M. Cuong, N.T. Vinh, HAL 2898. N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. In the limestone forest. 20°17'N 105°35'E. Epiphyte on tree (Streblus macrophyllus), labellum with dots violet and yellow. 8 December

2001, N.T. Hiep et al, NTH 5356.

36. Geodorum Jackson

36.140. G. recurvum (Roxb.) Alston

N. Vietnam, Cao Bang prov., Trung Khanh distr., Ngoc Khe mun., Pac Nga village, around point 22°54'59''N 106°31'44''E at elev. 600-650 m. Secondary shrubs on very steep mossy rocky slope of N exposition of rocky ridge composed with light gray solid marble-like highly eroded crystalline limestone along Quy Son River valley. Terrestrial herb up to 0.5 m tall on open secondary middle-tall grassland (with Imperata cylindrica). Tepals white, lip white with yellow irregular central keels and purple nerves on side-lobes. Occasional. 15 June 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, P.V. The et al., HAL 5782. N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Ba Thuoc distr., Lam Xa mun., Lang Trang village, around point 20°20'02''N 105°12'39''E. Remnants of primary broad-leaved evergreen seasonal forest along rocky tops of remnant mt. composed with solid crystalline marble-like highly eroded limestone at elev. 500-550 m. Terrestrial. Occasional. 15 October 2003, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, D.T. Doan, N.T. Vinh, HAL 4352.

37. Goodyera R. Br.

37.141. G. foliosa (Lindley) Benth.

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. In limestone forest. 2001, N.T. Hiep, NTH 67. N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Ba Thuoc distr., Thanh Son mun., middle part of Pu Luong range to the W of Long Bong village 20°27'52''N 105°07'36''E. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved closed submontane forest on basalt along main ridge at elev. 1200-1400 m. Terrestrial creeping herb up to 20 cm tall. Leaves uniform deep green. Sepals light pink-brown, petals and lip white. Common. 6 October 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, D.T. Doan et al., HAL 3967.

37.142. G. fumata Thwaites

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20°01'00''N 105°36'00''E. Primary tropical rainforest on hillsides at elev. 400 m. Succulent terrestrial herb on dark forest floor. Flowers dull orange-brown. 18 December 1999, D.D. Soejarto, N.T. Hiep et al., DDS 11264.

37.143. Goodyera hispida Lindley

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22°53'35''N 104°56'35''E at elev. 600-800 m. Secondary forest among limestone peaks and ridges. Occasional lithophyte. Leaves green with lighter nerves. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6346.

37.144. G. viridiflora (Blume) Blume

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Cho Don distr., Ban Thi mun., Phia Khao village, Lung Li locality, 22°17'30''N 105°31'16''E. Primary broad-leaved evergreen closed wet forest on very steep slopes and cliffs of remnant mt. composed with highly eroded crystalline limestone near top of ridge at elev. 900-1000 m. Terrestrial herb. Leaves uniform green. Rare. 25 December 2002, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 768.

38. Habenaria Willd.

38.145. H. ciliolaris Kraenzlin

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20°29.0N,

105°59.0E. Open place in secondary forest at elev. 113 m. Terrestrial herb, 0.5 m high, tuber round, white, succulent. 8 December 2001, N.T. Hiep, NTH 5355.

38.146. H. dentata (Sw.) Schltr.

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Thuan Chau distr., Phong Lai mun., along road Son La and Lai Cau, in Pha Din Pass. Open degraded vegetation along roadside 21°33'07''N 103°33'16''E at elev. 1200 m. Frequent. Tepals white. 25 September 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N. V Du, DKH 5672.

38.147. H. medioflexa Turrill

N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Quan Hoa distr., Phu Le mun., Hang village, around point 20°31'33''N 105°05'06''E. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved closed lowland forest on steep slopes of rocky ridge composed with crystalline marble-like highly eroded limestone at elev. 500-550 m. Terrestrial herb. Sepals light green, petals and lip white. Common. 29 September 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, D.T. Doan, N.T. Vinh, HAL 3609.

39. Hetaeria Blume

39.148. H. affinis (Griffith) Seidenf. et Ormerod

N. Vietnam, Nghe An prov., Con Cuong distr., Binh Chuan mun., on slope of Phu Pha May limestone mt., 19°16'58.9''N 104°55'09.0''E at elev. about 500 m. 25 February 2004, VM. Son, N.T. Vinh, HLF 3116.

39.149. H. anomala (Lindley) Hook. f.

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., Lum village, 21°00'17''N 104°29'08''E at elev. 1242 m. Primary vegetation with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. along limestone ridges. Rare among rocks on decayed mossy wood. Stem stiff green with purple tint, leaves green, peduncle light green with white tomentum, sepals green, petals green, white at base, at tip and on lobes, two light green spots at center of lip. 3 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7225.

39.150. H. nitida Ridley*

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Can Ty mun., Tia Sung Valley, Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 22°05'792N 105°01'010E. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved forest on steep slopes of remnant limestone mt. at elev. 1220 m. 20 January 2003, N.T. Hiep, T.Q. Thao, NTH 5420G (Table 1, g).

40. Kingidium P. Hunt

40.151. K. deliciosum (Reichenb. f.) Sweet

S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., N slope of Bach Ma mt. system around point 16°13'53''N 107°49'02''E at elev. about 100 m. Broad-leaved evergreen wet secondary closed forest along rocky river valley and on river slopes. Epiphyte in shady place. Locally very common. 2 May 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 1584.

41. Liparis Rich.

41.152. L. aurita Ridley

N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Ba Thuoc distr., Thanh Son mun., SW macro slope of middle part of Pu Luong range around point 20O28'30''N 105O05'16''E. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved closed submontane forest on basalt at elev. 15001550 m. Epiphyte. Flowers light yellowish-green. Occasional. 10 October 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, D.T. Doan et al., HAL 4273.

41.153. L. averyanoviana Szlach.

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. Primary forest on limestone mt. peak. Lithophytic succulent herb. Flowers greenish yellow, lip pale green. 105O43'08''E 20O14'22''E. 1 December 1999, N.M. Cuong, D.T. Kien, M.V Sinh, NMC 704; Cuc Phuong N.P., 20O24.0N 105O72.0E at elev. 600 m. Forest on limestone mt., close peak. Epiphyte on rock 10-15 cm tall. Inflorescences spike and flowers pale greenish white. 20 December 1999, N.M. Cuong, NMC 777. N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20O14'84''N 105O40'64''E. Primary limestone forest on steep slope. Lithophyte and epiphyte, flowers pale green. December 2000, D.D. Soejarto et al., DDS 11837.

41.154. L. balansae Gagnepain

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Cao Bo mun., Tam Ve village, 22O46'11''N 104O49'07''E at elev. 1900 m. Primary mossy ericaceous forest with dominants of Lauraceae. Epiphyte. Flowers deep green. Rare. 13 September 2000, D. Harder, N.V. Du, N.Q. Hieu et al., DKH 5530. N. Vietnam, Hoa Binh prov., Mai Chau distr., Pa Co mun., Rung Gia area Na Pai village. Disturbed forest on steep slopes of limestone ridge, 20O44'31''N 104O56'24''E at elev. 1100-1200 m. Occasional lithophyte. Petals dull green to orange. 9 December 2002, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 8041. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Primary broad-leaved wet evergreen forest on sandstone at elev. 1100-1200 m. Epiphyte on mossy trees. Rare.

18 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, T. Vinh et al., VH 5321.

41.155. L. bootanensis Griffith

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., Bat Dai Son Protected Area, 23O09'11''N 104O59'06''E at elev. 1287 m. Slightly disturbed forest on limestone ridge and rocky outcrops. Occasional lithophyte. Tepals orange, anther bright green. 11 February 2001, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б230. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Cao Bo mun., Tam Ve village, 22O46'12''N 104O49'33''E at elev. 1310 m. Primary closed evergreen submontane broadleaved forest. Epiphyte. 9 September 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.Q. Hieu et al., DKH 535б. S. Vietnam, Kon Tum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., 14O40'49''N 108O23'55''E at elev. 1250 m. In primary closed evergreen seasonal tropical broadleaved and coniferous submontane forests. Epiphyte. Common. 21 November 2003, P.K. Loc, P 10б48.

41.156. L. conopea Aver.

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Ba Be distr., Nam Mau mun., Nam Dai village, Ba Be N.P. around point 22°25'651''N 105°35'613''E. Primary closed evergreen broadleaved forest on top of remnant mt. composed with crystalline highly eroded marblelike limestone at elev. 704 m. Epiphyte. Very common. 21 December 2002, N.T. Hiep, J. Regalado et al., HLF 538. N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Cho Don distr., Ban Thi mun., Cho Dien village, Then Su mt., 22°14'28''N 105°29'50''E. Heavily logged primary closed evergreen wet broad-leaved forest on very steep slopes and cliffs of remnant mt. composed with highly eroded crystalline limestone near top of ridge at elev. 250350 m. Lithophytic herb on open mossy rocks. Flowers yellowish-green. Locally abundant. 26 December 2002, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 866.

41.157. L. delicatula Hook. f.

N. Vietnam, Cao Bang prov., Trung Khanh distr., Ngoc Khe mun., Pac Nga village, around point 22°54'59''N 106°31'44''E at elev. 700-750 m. Secondary wet closed evergreen forest on steep rocky slopes of rocky ridges and mesas composed with light gray solid marble-like highly eroded crystalline limestone. Epiphyte on rocky steep shady wet slope. Rare. 10 June 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, P.V. The et al., HAL 5543.

41.158. L. dendrochiloides Aver.

N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Ba Thuoc distr., Co Lung mun., Khuyn village, around point 20°26'31''N 105°14'55''E. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved and coniferous submontane forest on crystalline marble-like highly eroded limestone, tops of limestone ridge at elev. 700-800 m. Lithophyte and occasionally epiphyte. Flowers green. Very common. 17 September 2003, L. Averyanov, D.T. Doan, J. Regalado, N.T. Vinh, HAL 2979.

41.159. L. distans C.B. Clarke

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village 20°46'50''N 104°47'45''E at elev. 1375 m. Degraded limestone forest with Pinus fenzeliana. Lithophyte and epiphyte, corolla yellow, petals dull light orange. Widespread.

6 October 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 5735. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'35''N 104°46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Terrestrial herb. Flower buds light yellowish-green. Not rare. 6 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7382.

41.160. L. emarginata Aver.

N. Vietnam, Hoa Binh prov., Mai Chau distr., Pa Co mun., Xa Linh village area, approximately 1.5 km to SW of village center. Limestone forest with bamboo on top of ridge between 20°44'04''N 104°55'57''E at elev. 1093 m and 20°43'57''N 104°55'53'' at elev. 1232 m. Occasional lithophyte. 10 December 2002, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 8104.

41.161. L. latilabris Schltr.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., Bat Dai Son Protected Area, 23O09'04''N 104O59'53''E at elev. 1150 m. Primary and secondary forest on limestone ridge. Occasional lithophyte in shade. Sepals and petals dull orange-green, column dull yellow, anther dark green. 12 February 2001, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б252. N. Vietnam, Hoa Binh prov., Mai Chau distr., Pa Co mun., 20O44'33''N 104O53'54''E at elev. 1100-1250 m. In logged primary closed evergreen tropical seasonal broad-leaved submontane coniferous (with Pinus fenzeliana) forest on slopes and tops of limestone ridges. Epiphyte. 2 December 2003, S.G. Wu, L.K. Phan, VT. Nguyen et al., WP-382.

41.162. L. mannii Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22O53'35''N 104O56'35''E at elev. 600-800 m. Secondary forest among limestone peaks and ridges. Lithophyte, occasional to locally abundant. Flowers light yellow-green. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б400. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, Phong Quang Nature Reserve, 22O52'04''N 104O57'32''E at elev. 300-1050 m. Primary forest on limestone ridges and cliffs. Occasional lithophyte. Flowers yellow-green. 16 February

2001, D. Harder, L. Averyanov, DKH б441. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'50''N 104O47'45''E at elev. 1375 m. Degraded limestone forest with Pinus fenzeliana. Epiphyte and lithophyte, flowers creamy-white. Occasional. 7 October 2000, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, N.Q. Hieu et al., DKH 5850. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'35''N 104O46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Lithophyte. Very common. б March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7383.

41.163. L. nervosa (Thunb.) Lindley

N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Nam Xe mun., Nam Xi Tan village, 22O02'57''N 103O58'35''E at elev. 700-1120 m. Secondary forest at top of ridge on eroded granite. Occasional to widespread. 26 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH б907.

41.164. L. pumila Aver.

N. Vietnam, Hoa Binh prov., Mai Chau distr., Hang Kia mun., trail to one of taller peak in Pa Co. Logging forest on limestone between 20O45'37''N 104O53'37''E at elev. 1344 m to peak 20O45'41''N 104O53'59'' at elev. 1400 m. Rare epiphyte. 7 December

2002, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7941. N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved lowland dry forest on steep rocky slope of limestone hills. 8 January 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.M. Cuong, N.T. Vinh, HAL 2902.

41.165. L. stricklandiana Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Can Ty mun., Ha Tung Sung

Valley, Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23°05'808N 105°01'020E. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved, forest on steep slopes or tops of limestone mt. at elev. 1090 m. Lithophytic herb on steep slopes. Common.

17 January 2003, T.V. Thao, N.S. Khang, VT 17. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22°53'35''N 104°56'35''E at elev. 600--800 m. Secondary forest among limestone peaks and ridges. Frequent on rocks in shade. Flowers green to yellow-orange. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6398. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'35''N 104°46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Lithophyte. Very common. 6 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7384; DKH 7385.

41.166. L. tenuis Rolfe ex Downie*

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved lowland dry forest on steep rocky slope of limestone hills. 8 January

2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.M. Cuong, N.T. Vinh, HAL 2901 (Table 2, a).

41.167. L. viridiflora (Blume) Lindley

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., Lum village, 21°00'17''N 104°29'08''E at elev. 1242 m. Primary vegetation with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. along limestone ridges. Frequent lithophyte and epiphyte at lower elev. 3 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7173.

42. Listera R. Br.

42.168. L. latilabris Gagnepain

S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., S slope of Bach Ma mt. below Hai Vong Dai peak, around point 16°11'11''N 107°50'57''E at elev. about 1050 m. Mixed and broad-leaved evergreen dry secondary mt. forest on very steep shale/sandstone slopes. Lithophytic and terrestrial herb among Polytrichum mosses on very deep shady steep rocky stream slope along river near water. Rare. 23 April 2003, L. Averyanov, N.X. Tam, N.T. Vinh, HLF1298. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., S slope of Bach Ma mt. below Hai Vong Dai peak, to SW of point 16°11'41''N 107°51'26''E at elev. 1100-1300 m. Mixed and broad-leaved evergreen secondary closed wet mt. forest on very steep shale/granite slopes. Terrestrial herb along wet shady stream rocks among Polytrichum mosses. Occasional. 27 April 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 1355.

43. Ludisia A. Rich.

43.169. L. discolor (Ker-Gawler) A. Rich.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Can Ty mun., Tia Sung Valley, Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 22°05'792N 105° 01'010E. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved forest on steep slopes or top of

remnant limestone mt. at elev. 1220 m. 20 January 2003, N.T. Hiep, T.Q. Thao, NTH 5420D. S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., NEE slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11O43'52''N 109O08'35''E at elev. 800-900 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Creeping lithophytic herb on shady boulders along stream. Leaves deep green with rich net of pink nerves. Not common. 28 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4281.

44. Luisia Gaudich.

44.170. L. appressifolia Aver.

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Na Ri distr., Liem Thuy mun., Lung Vai village, around point 21O57'18''N 106O06'12''E at elev. 500-700 m. Primary broad-leaved evergreen closed wet forest on very steep slopes and cliffs of rocky ridges and mesas composed with white solid marble-like crystalline limestone. Epiphyte. Flowers yellow. Not common. 28 May 2004, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, P.V. The, N.T. Vinh, HAL 4997.

44.171. L. filiformis Hook. f.

S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., E slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11O43'52''N 109O08'35''E at elev. 600-700 m. Border of primary evergreen closed dry forest and dry savanna-like secondary grasslands on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Epiphyte. Tepals light greenish, lip deep purple-brown with light green apex. Rare. 1 April 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4478.

44.172. L. morsei Rolfe

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Cho Don distr., Ban Thi mun., Phia Khao village, around point 22O16'10''N 105O31'01''E at elev. 700-850 m. (Tang Gia mt.). Primary broad-leaved evergreen closed forest on very steep slopes and cliffs near and on tops of rocky ridge composed with solid marble-like stratified limestone. Epiphyte on high trees. Tepals dull olive-yellowish, lip from deep violet-purple to dull olive-yellowish with brown-purple marks. Common. 22 May 2004, L. Averyanov, N. T. Hiep, P. V The, N.T. Vinh, HAL 4787. N. Vietnam, Cao Bang prov., Ha Lang distr., Thang Loi mun., Lung Sam village, epiphyte. Cultivated and flowered in Hanoi. 31 March 2003, P.K. Loc, P 10б28. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22O53'35''N 104O56'35''E at elev. 600-800 m. Secondary forest among limestone peaks and ridges. Frequent epiphyte. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б39б. N. Vietnam, Quang Ninh prov., Ha Long Bay, Dau Go Cave around point 20O54'650N 107O01'149E. 16 February 2003, N.X. Tam, P.V The, NTH 5480, NTH 5481; 18 March 2003, P.V The, NTH 5б24.

44.173. L. zollingeri Rchb. f.

N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Thach Thanh distr., Thanh Yen mun., Mo village, around point 20O17'36''N 105O35'54''. Remnants of primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved lowland dry forest on steep rocky slope of limestone hills at elev. 300350 m. Epiphyte with pendent shoots up to 0.5 m long near the top of hill. Occasional.

9 January 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh et al., HAL 2874.

45. Mischobulbum Schltr.

45.174. M. cordifolium (Hook. f.) Schltr.

N. Vietnam, Ha Tinh prov., Huong Son distr., Son Hong mun., around point 18°34'06''N 105°11'40''E. Primary broad-leaved dry closed evergreen forest on very steep mt. slopes of Khe Sinh stream canyon and along ridge composed with shale at elev. 800-1100 m. near Laotian border. Terrestrial creeping herb on steep shady slope. Tepals light brown, lip light yellow with purple marks. Occasional. 11 May 2004, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, P.V. The et al., HAL 5339. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Liem Phu mun., Khuoi Ngoa village, 21°59'31''N 104°19'05''E at elev. 1050 m. Secondary vegetation on limestone ridges. Occasional. Leaves succulent, sometimes with pink tint. 22 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6674. N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Nam Xe mun., Nam Xi Tan village, 22°02'57''N 103°58'35''E at elev. 700-1120 m. Secondary forest at top of ridge on eroded granite. Frequent terrestrial herb. Leaves light green with darker green spots. Sepals light yellow-brown, streaked in red-purple, upright petal yellow-brown, white at base with red-purple spots, column streaked in red-purple tipped in yellow. 26 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 6906. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary wet mossy mt. coniferous forest on sandstone (with Pinus dalatensis, Fokienia hodginsii, Dacrydium elatum, Dacrycarpus imbricatus) along ridge tops at elev. 1200 m. Creeping terrestrial herb on very steep shady slope. Leaves with deep green spots. Locally common. 22 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5547.

46. Nephelaphyllum Blume

46.175. N. tenuiflorum Blume

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary wet mossy mt. coniferous forest on sandstone (with Pinus dalatensis, Fokienia hodginsii, Dacrydium elatum, Dacrycarpus imbricatus) along ridge tops at elev. 1200 m. Creeping terrestrial herb on very steep shady slope, leaves light green with dirty violet tint and deep dirty violet-brownish spots. Rare. 22 April 2000, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5543.

47. Nervilia Comm. ex Gaudich.

47.176. N. aragoana Gaudich.

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20°14'97''N 105°42'77''E. Evergreen forest on limestone mt. along trail. Erect herbs. Corolla pale green, white-violet at lip. 16 May 1999, N.M. Cuong, NMC 140.

47.177. N. plicata (Andrews) Schltr.

N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Quan Hoa distr., Phu Le mun., Hang village, around point 20°31'33''N 105°05'06''E. Secondary and primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved closed lowland forest on steep slopes of rocky ridge composed with

crystalline marble-like highly eroded limestone at elev. 350-450 m. Terrestrial herb. Leaves uniform deep green, hairy. Not common. 29 September 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, D.T. Doan et al., HAL 3555.

48. Neuwiedia Blume

48.178. Neuwiedia balansae Baillon ex Gagnepain

S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., E slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11O43'52''N 109O08'35''E. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite at elev. 800-950 m. Terrestrial herb 20-40 cm tall. Flowers yellow, fruits - white juicy berry. Occasional. 31 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4415.

49. Oberonia Lindley

49.179. O. ensiformis (Sm.) Lindley

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'13''N 104O46'12''E at elev. 1100-1300 m. Primary broad-leaved closed wet forest along limestone ridge and slopes near tops. Lithophyte. Flowers yellowish-orange.

7 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7395. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'35''N 104O46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Lithophyte and occasionally epiphyte. Not common. б March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 737б. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., Lum village, 21O00'17''N 104O29'08''E at elev. 1242 m. Primary vegetation with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. along limestone ridges. Frequent lithophyte. Flowers all dull green, anthers yellow.

3 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7198. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., On Oc village, 20O59'06''N 104O28'46''E at elev. 1468 m. Primary forest along limestone ridge tops. Occasional lithophyte, locally frequent. 4 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Huong, DKH 7287.

49.180. O. falcata King et Pantl.

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Primary broad-leaved closed evergreen wet mt. forest on sandstone steep river slopes at elev. 1100-1200 m. Epiphyte on high tree. Not common. 23 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5б40.

49.181. O. jenkinsiana Griffith ex Lindley

N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Quan Hoa distr., Phu Le mun., Hang village, around point 20O31'13''N 105O05'45''E. Primary and secondary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved closed lowland forest with bamboo on top of rocky ridge composed with crystalline marble-like highly eroded limestone at elev. 750-850 m. Epiphyte. Flowers orange-brown. Common. 2 October 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, D.T. Doan et al., HAL 37бб. S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., NEE

slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11°43'52''N 109°08'35''E at elev. 600-700 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Epiphyte. Flowers red-brown. Occasional. 27 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4215.

49.182. O. kwangsiense Seidenf.

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20°24.0N 105°72.0E at elev. 600 m. Forest on limestone mt., near peak. Lithophyte. 20 December

1999, N.M. Cuong, NMC 780.

49.183. O. longibracteata Lindley

S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., SW slope of Bach Ma mt. system around point 16°11'22''N 107°50'48''E at elev. 750-850 m. Broad-leaved evergreen primary closed forest along very steep rocky slopes and bluffs of high waterfall faced to the S. Lithophyte on wet shady mossy cliff. Rare. 4 May

2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 1595.

49.184. O. variabilis Kerr

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Na Ri distr., Liem Thuy mun., Na Bo village, around point 21°56'44''N 106°05'09''E at elev. 300-700 m. Primary broad-leaved evergreen closed wet forest on very steep slopes and cliffs of rocky ridges and mesas composed with white solid marble-like crystalline limestone. Epiphyte on top of ridge. Flowers orange-brown. Occasional. 27 May 2004, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, P.V. The et al., HAL 4937. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary broad-leaved closed evergreen wet mt. forest on sandstone steep slopes of river at elev. 1100-1200 m. Epiphyte on high tree. Flowers orange-brown. Rare. 24 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh, VH 5702. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., S slope of Bach Ma mt., below Hai Vong Dai peak, around point 16°11'65"N 107°51'53''E at elev. about 1150 m. Mixed and broad-leaved evergreen secondary closed mt. forest on steep shale/granite slopes and cliffs. Epiphyte on steep shady slope of waterfall. Rare. 20 April 2003, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh, HLF 1184.

50. Odontochilus Blume

50.185. O. lanceolatus (Lindley) Blume

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Cao Bo mun., Tam Ve village, 22°46'12''N 104°49'33''E at elev. 1310 m. Closed evergreen submontane broad-leaved primary forest. Lithophyte, near stream, sepals and petals greenish, lip yellow. Not common. 9 September 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.Q. Hieu et al., DKH 5316.

51. Panisea (Lindley) Steudel

51.186. P. tricallosa Rolfe

N. Vietnam, Hoa Binh prov., Mai Chau distr., Pa Co mun., Xa Linh village area, approximately 1.5 km to SW of village center. Limestone forest with bamboo on top of ridge between 20°44'04''N 104°55'57''E at elev. 1093 m and 20°43'57''N

104O55'53'' at elev. 1232 m. Rare epiphyte. All green, pedicel and ovary very light green, tepals all white. 10 December 2002, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 8109. N. Vietnam, Hoa Binh prov., Mai Chau distr., Pa Co mun., 20O44'33''N 104O53'54''E at elev. 1150-1250 m. In logged primary closed evergreen tropical seasonal coniferous submontane forests (with Pinus fenzeliana) on tops of limestone ridges. Rare epiphyte. 2 December 2003, P.K. Loc, P 10б87. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., 20O46'50''N 104O47'45''E at elev. 1375 m. Degraded forest with Pinus fenzeliana on limestone. Frequent epiphyte forming clusters of plants. Flowers white. 7 September 2000, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, N.Q. Hieu et al., DKH 58б3.

51.187. P. yunnanensis S.C. Chen et Z.H. Tsi

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'35''N 104O46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Epiphyte, mainly on Calocedrus. Abundant. б March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 737б. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., On Oc village, 20O59'06''N 104O28'46''E at elev. 1468 m. Primary forest along limestone ridge tops. Occasional epiphyte. Pseudobulbs green with purple tint, some leaves with purple tint underneath. 4 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Huong, DKH 7281.

52. Paphiopedilum Pfitzer

52.188. P. appletonianum (Gower) Rolfe

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Primary wet mossy mt. coniferous forest on sandstone (with Pinus dalatensis, Fokienia hodginsii, Dacrydium elatum, Dacrycarpus imbricatus) along ridge tops at elev. 1200 m. Terrestrial and occasionally epiphytic herb at base of old trees in wet mossy shady places. Locally common. Central sepal light green with olive-brownish base, petals light pink-violet with green base and deep brown spots and warts along upper margin, sometimes with indistinct brownish stripes toward base. Lip dull pinkish-violet with green base and green margin. Synsepalum light apple green. Staminode emerald green with yellowish-white margin and central spot. 18 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 531б.

52.189. P. concolor (Bateman) Pfitzer

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20O30.0N 105O59.0E. Top and slopes of limestone mt. under canopy and in open place at elev. 286 m. Herb on limestone. Flowers yellow with black points, leaves with streak of pale green on surface. 10 December 2001, N.T. Hiep, NTH 5383.

52.190. P. dianthum Tang et F T. Wang

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'18''N 104O47'45''E at elev. 1200-1350 m. Rocky outcrops in logged forest on limestone. Epiphyte at ridge top. Occasional. б October 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 5757. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho

mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'13''N 104°46'12''E at elev. 1100-1300 m. Primary broadleaved closed wet forest along limestone ridge and slopes near tops. Lithophytic herb on vertical cliff of S exposition. Not common. 7 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7396. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., On Oc village, 20°59'06''N 104°28'46''E at elev. 1468 m. Primary forest along limestone ridge tops. Terrestrial herb. Occasional to frequent. Inflorescence with 1-4 flowers. 4 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Huong, DKH 7279.

52.191. P. henryanum Braem

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Can Ty mun., Ha Tung Sung valley, Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23°05'808N 105°01'020E. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved forest on steep slopes on top of limestone mt. at elev. 1160 m. Lithophytic herb on steep slopes. Very common, on top withXanthocyparis vietnamensis and Pseudotsuga sinensis. 12 January 2003, T.V. Thao, N.S. Khang, VT 5. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, Phong Quang Nature Reserve, 22°52'04''N 104°57'32''E at elev. 300-1050 m. Primary forest on limestone ridges and cliffs. Abundant on cliff face. 16 February 2001, D. Harder, L. Averyanov, DKH 6460.

52.192. P. hirsutissimum (Lindley ex Hook. f.) Pfitzer

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., Bat Dai Son Protected Area, 23°09'04''N 104°59'53''E at elev. 1150 m. Primary and secondary forest on limestone ridge. Occasional lithophyte on shear limestone cliff. Scape dried with hairs. 12 February 2001, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6213. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., On Oc village, 20°59'06''N 104°28'46''E at elev. 1468 m. Primary forest along limestone ridge tops. Frequent lithophyte. Young buds and pedicle with dark purple hairs, buds purple tipped, petals deep purple, sepal dark green with purple and red-purple spots medially at base, lateral petals dark green at base with purple at lobe, labellum green and purple. 4 March

2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Huong, DKH 7260.

52.193. P. malipoense S.C. Chen et Z.H. Tsi

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Can Ty mun., Ha Tung Sung Valley, Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23°05'808N 105°01'020N. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved forest on steep slopes or tops of limestone mt. at elev. 1090 m. Lithophytic herb on steep slopes. Common. 12 January 2003, T.V. Thao, N.S. Khang, VT 9. N. Vietnam, Nghe An prov., Con Cuong distr., Binh Chuan mun., ridge of Pu Pha Cau limestone mt., 19°18'13.3''N 104°53'50.2''E at elev. 1100-1250 m. Terrestrial between rocks. 26 February 2004, V.M. Son, N.T. Vinh, HLF 3142. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'13''N 104°46'12''E at elev. 1100-1300 m. Primary broad-leaved closed wet forest along limestone ridge and slopes near tops. Lithophytic herb on shelves of vertical cliffs of S exposition. Flowers fine pleasant apple-like fragrance, of typical coloration. Rare. 7 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7418.

52.194. P. micranthum Tang et F T. Wang

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Can Ty mun., Ha Tung Sung valley, Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23O05'808N 105O01'020N. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved forest on steep slopes or top of limestone mt. at elev. 1160 m. Lithophytic herb on steep slopes. Very common.

12 January 2003, T.V. Thao, N.S. Khang, VT 8. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, Phong Quang Nature Reserve, 22O52'04''N 104O57'32''E at elev. 300-1050 m. Primary forest on limestone ridges and cliffs. Occasional at ridge top. Leaves with dark purple spots below and lighter green mottling above. 16 February 2001, D. Harder, L. Averyanov, DKH б451.

53. Peristylus Blume

53.195. P. calcaratus (Rolfe) Hu

S. Vietnam, Lam Dong prov., around Dalat city. 23 September 2003, N. V. Duy,

332.

53.196. Peristylus goodyerioides (D. Don) Lindley

N. Vietnam, Cao Bang prov., Trung Khanh distr., Ngoc Khe mun., Pac Nga village, around point 22O54'59''N 106O31'44''E at elev. 600-650 m. Secondary shrubs on very steep mossy rocky slope of N exposition of rocky ridge composed with light gray solid marble-like highly eroded crystalline limestone along Quy Son River valley. Terrestrial herb up to 0.5 m tall on open secondary middle-tall grassland (with Imperata cylindrica). Flowers fragrant, tepals light green, lip white with light greenish tint. Locally abundant. 15 June 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, P.V. The et al., HAL 57б3.

53.197. P. holttumii Seidenf.*

S. Vietnam, Lam Dong prov., around Dalat city. 23 September 2003, N.V. Duy, 331 (Table 2, b).

54. Phaius Lour.

54.198. Ph. indochinensis Seidenf. et Ormerod

S. Vietnam, Lam Dong prov., Dalat city area. 23 September 2003, N. V. Duy, 334.

54.199. Ph. mishmensis (Lindley et Paxton) Rchb. f.

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. Primary evergreen seasonal broadleaved lowland dry forest on steep rocky slope of limestone hills at elev. about 500 m. May Bac mt. 8 January 2003, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.M. Cuong, N.T. Vinh, HAL 2897.

55. Phalaenopsis Blume

55.200. Ph. gibbosa Sweet

N. Vietnam, Ha Tinh prov., Huong Son distr., Son Hong mun., around point 18O34'06''N 105O11 '40''E. Primary broad-leaved evergreen riparian forest with Platanus kerrii and Duabanga grandiflora along rocky Song Con river valley composed with shale and gray sandstone at elev. 250-300 m. Canopy epiphyte. Flowers yellow-white. Locally common. 7 May 2004, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, P.V. The et al., HAL 51б3.

55.201. Ph. lobbii (Reichenb. f.) Sweet

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20°26.0N 105°64.0E at elev. 200 m. Thua valley, Mo village. Primary forest on limestone mt. Epiphyte. 21 November 2000, N.M. Cuong, NMC 1571.

55.202. Ph. mannii Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Ba Be distr., Nam Mau mun., between Khau Cum and Nam Dai. Ba Be N.P. around point 22°26'311N 105°36'669E. Fractionally logged primary evergreen closed broad-leaved forest on top mt. composed with crystalline highly eroded marble-like limestone at elev. 386 m. Epiphyte on tree, in shady place. Rare. 25 December 2002, N.T. Hiep, D.H. Chung, V.H. Van, HLF 652. N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Cho Don distr., Ban Thi mun., Phia Khao village, around point 22°16'10''N 105°31'01''E at elev. 700-850 m. (Tang Gia mt.). Primary broadleaved evergreen closed forest on very steep slopes and cliffs near and on tops of rocky ridge composed with solid marble-like stratified limestone. Epiphyte. Tepals light yellow with purple-red marks, lip white, base and side-lobes with red-purple marks. Occasional. 22 May 2004, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, P.V. The et al., HAL 4780. N. Vietnam, Cao Bang prov., Thach An distr., about 28 km to SE from Cao Bang town, 22°29'N 106°28'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved closed forest on steep slopes of remnant limestone ridge at 300-450 m alt. Epiphyte in very wet shady place. Not common. 6 December 1998, L. Averyanov, N.Q. Binh, N.X. Tam, CBL 961/1.

56. Pholidota Lindley ex Hook.

56.203. Ph. articulata Lindley

N. Vietnam, Cao Bang prov., Trung Khanh distr., Ngoc Khe mun., Pac Nga village, around point 22°54'59''N 106°31'44''E at elev. 800-850 m. Remnants of primary broad-leaved evergreen and coniferous forest along tops of rocky ridges and mesas composed with light gray solid marble-like highly eroded crystalline limestone. Epiphytic and lithophytic herb. Tepals white-light yellowish, lip with orange center. Common.

14 June 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, P.V. The et al., HAL 5718. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Minh Tan mun., Ban Ngay village, 23°00'37"N 104°54'46''E at elev. 225-620 m. Primary forest with Burretiodendron on limestone ridge on exposed rocks above river. Occasional epiphyte on large tree. 17 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 6503.

56.204. Ph. chinensis Lindley

N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Nam Xe mun., Khau Co Pass, 22°02'35''N 103°57'23''E at elev. 1150 m. Degraded forest on granite substrate. Occasional epiphyte. Leaves shiny dark green. 27 February 2001, D. Harder, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6990. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary broad-leaved and mixed (with Dacrydium and Dacrycarpus) evergreen dry mt. forest at elev. 1100-1200 m on sandstone. Epiphyte on high tree. Not rare. 21 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5530.

56.205. Ph. missionariorum Gagnepain

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'35''N 104O46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Epiphyte and lithophyte. Abundant. б March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7372.

56.206. Ph. pallida Lindley

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'35''N 104O46'31''E at elev. 1400-1500 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. on limestone ridge and cliffs. Lithophyte and occasional epiphyte. Abundant. б March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7358. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., On Oc village, 20O59'06''N 104O28'46''E at elev. 1468 m. Primary forest along limestone ridge tops. Mostly lithophyte. Frequent. 4 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Huong, DKH 72бб.

56.207. Ph. recurva Lindley

N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Nam Xe mun., Nam Xi Tan village, 22O02'57''N 103O58'35''E at elev. 700-1120 m. Secondary forest at top of ridge on eroded granite. Frequent on rocks. 26 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH б895. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Long Luong mun., Sang Cai village, 20O45'51''N 104O51'26''E at elev. 1300-1500 m. Primary wet broadleaved, evergreen and semi-deciduous mossy forest along limestone ridge. Lithophytic and occasional epiphytic vine about 1 m long. Not common. 8 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7458. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., On Oc village, 20O59'06''N 104O28'46''E at elev. 1468 m. Primary forest along limestone ridge tops. Occasional lithophyte, sometimes epiphyte.

4 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Huong, DKH 72б7. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Primary broad-leaved and mixed (with Dacrydium and Dacrycarpus) evergreen dry mt. forest at elev. 1100-1200 m on sandstone. Epiphyte on high tree. Not common. 21 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, D.X. Du, N.T. Vinh, VH 5529.

56.208. Ph. roseans Schltr.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Can Ty mun., Ha Tung Sung Valley, Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23O05'808N 105O01'020N. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved forest on steep slopes or top of limestone mt. at elev. 1160 m. Lithophytic herb on steep slopes. Very common on top withXanthocyparis vietnamensis and Pseudotsuga sinensis. 12 January 2003, T.V. Thao, N.S. Khang, VT б. N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22O53'35''N 104O56'35''E at elev. 600-800 m. Secondary vegetation on limestone ridge and small limestone peaks. Frequent on rocks at top. Lip with yellow spot, tepals all white. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б348. N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Cho Don distr., Ban Thi mun., Phia

Khao village, Lung Li locality, 22°17'30''N 105°31'16''E. Primary broad-leaved evergreen closed wet forest on very steep slopes and cliffs of remnant mt. composed with highly eroded crystalline limestone near top of ridge at elev. 900-1000 m. Lithophytic herb on vertical shady cliffs. Flowers white, lip with yellowish-lemon central spot. Very common.

25 December 2002, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 746.

56.209. Ph. rubra Lindley

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22°53'35''N 104°56'35''E at elev. 600-800 m. Secondary vegetation on limestone ridge and small limestone peaks. Common lithophyte on top of ridge. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6410.

56.210. Ph. yunnanensis Rolfe

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Minh Tan mun., Ban Ngay village, 23°00'37''N 104°54'46''E at elev. 225-620 m. Primary forest with Burretiodendron on limestone ridge on exposed rocks above river. Epiphyte on high tree. 17 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 6495.

57. Platanthera Rich.

57.211. P. angustata Lindley

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Degraded primary and secondary wet evergreen broadleaved forest (with Dacrydium and Dacrycarpus) along mt. river valley at elev. 11001150 m on sandstone. Terrestrial herb on shady river slope. Locally common. 20 April

2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5437.

58. Podochilus Blume

58.212. P. banaensis Ormerod

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary wet mossy mt. coniferous forest on sandstone (with Pinus dalatensis, Fokienia hodginsii, Dacrydium elatum, Dacrycarpus imbricatus) along ridge tops at elev. 1200 m. Epiphyte on mossy trees in shady very wet place. Locally abundant. 18 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5315. S. Vietnam, Kon Tum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., 14°40'49''N 108°23'55''E at elev. 1250 m. In primary closed evergreen seasonal tropical broadleaved and coniferous submontane forests. Epiphyte. Common. 21 November 2003, P.K. Loc, P 10645.

58.213. P. khasianus Hook. f.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Phong Quang mun., Man village, 22°53'35''N 104°56'35''E at elev., 600-800 m. Secondary vegetation on limestone ridge and small limestone peaks. Frequent lithophyte. 15 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 6349; DKH 6414. N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Ba Thuoc distr., Co Lung mun., Khuyn village, around point 20°26'31''N 105°14'55''E. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved and coniferous submontane forest on

crystalline marble-like highly eroded limestone, tops of limestone ridge at elev. 700800 m. Lithophyte. Very common. 17 September 2003, L. Averyanov, D.T. Doan, J. Regalado et al., HAL 2982. N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Ba Thuoc distr., Co Lung mun., Eo Dieu village, around point 20O26'06''N 105O13'51''E. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved closed submontane forest on top of rocky ridge composed with crystalline marble-like highly eroded limestone at elev. 900-1000 m. Lithophyte and epiphyte. Very common. 25 September 2003, L. Averyanov, D.T. Doan, J. Regalado et al., HAL 3500.

58.214. P. oxystophylloides Ormerod

N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Liem Phu mun., Khuoi Ngoa village, 21O58'08''N 104O21'00''E at elev. 600 m. Primary and secondary forest with Fokienia hodginsii on quartzite and limestone. Frequent epiphyte and sometimes lithophyte. 21 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б559. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20O46'13''N 104O46'12''E at elev. 1100-1300 m. Primary broad-leaved closed wet forest along limestone ridge and slopes near tops. Adpressed lithophyte on vertical cliff of S exposition. Locally abundant. 7 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7399.

59. Renanthera Lour.

59.215. R. citrina Aver.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Vi Xuyen distr., Minh Tan mun., Ban Ngay village, 23O00'37''N 104O54'46''E at elev. 225-620 m. Primary forest with Burretiodendron on limestone ridge on exposed rocks above river. Epiphyte on high tree. 17 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH б504.

59.216. R. coccinea Lour.

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20O18'99''N 105O38'00''E. Ridge of limestone hills, south side of Dan plains at elev. 370-380 m. Primary forest on limestone rocks with stunted trees 10-20 m tall. Epiphyte on limestone rock. 11 December 1999, D.D. Soejarto, N.T. Hiep et al., DDS 11300. S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., dry open secondary shrubs on granite cliffs along river in laterite hilly area near N.P. headquarter around point 16O14'47''N 107O52'31''E at elev. about 40 m. Lithophytic and epiphytic vine 2-3 m long on open cliffs. Flowers brightly red, lip deep red. mesochile white. Not common.

25 April 2003, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh, HLF 1317.

60. Rhomboda Lindley

60.217. R. petelotii (Gagnepain) Ormerod

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Long Luong mun., Sang Cai village, 20O45'51''N 104O51'26''E at elev. 1300-1500 m. Primary wet broad-leaved, evergreen and semi-deciduous mossy forest along limestone ridge. Lithophytic creeping herb in shady very steep slope. Leaves brown-green with median white stripe above, pink-violet beneath. Common. 8 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et

al., DKH 7452; DKH 7553. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'50''N 104°47'45''E at elev. 1375 m. On degraded limestone mt. with rocky outcrops and few Pinus fenzeliana trees. Lithophyte in deep shade, leaves dark green with white stripe along midrib, abaxial surface pink. Rare. 7 October

2000, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, N.Q. Hieu et al., DKH 5849. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'35''N 104°46'31''E at elev. 1200-1250 m. Primary evergreen, closed forest on limestone ridge and cliffs of N exposition. Lithophytic and terrestrial herb among shady rocks. Leaves deep velvety green with white median stripe above, uniformly light green beneath. Not common. 5 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7322. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Yen Chau distr., Muong Lum mun., Lum village, 21°00'17"N 104°29'08''E at elev. 1242 m. Primary vegetation with Pinus fenzeliana and Calocedrus sp. along limestone ridges. Occasional. Stem red to dark dull purple-red, leaves deep green above with white stripe medially. 3 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7204.

60.218. R. tokioi (Fukuyama) Ormerod

N. Vietnam, Ha Tinh prov., Huong Son distr., Son Hong mun., around point 18°34'06''N 105°11'40''E. Primary broad-leaved evergreen forest on steep mt. slopes composed with granite along Khe Van stream at elev. 400-450 m. Terrestrial creeping herb on shady rocky stream slope. Leaves light green with indistinct wide median silver stripe. Rare. 8 May 2004, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, P.V. The, N.T. Vinh, HAL 5216.

61. Robiquetia Gaudich.

61.219. R. succisa (Lindley) Seidenf. et Garay

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20°21'00''N 105°36'00''E. Primary forest on limestone slope at elev. 365 m. Epiphyte. 18 November 1999, D.D. Soejarto, N.T. Hiep et al., DDS 11015.

62. Schoenorchis Reinw.

62.220. S. gemmata (Lindley) J.J. Sm.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Can Ty mun., Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23°06'842N 104°59'131N. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved mixed and needle-leaved forest on steep slopes or tops of limestone mt. at elev. 1108 m. Epiphytic herb on steep slopes. Common on top with Pseudotsuga sinensis. 25 January 2003, T.V. Thao, N.S. Khang, VT 50. N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Moc Chau distr., Van Ho mun., Hua Tat village, 20°46'13''N 104°46'12''E at elev. 1100-1300 m. Primary broad-leaved closed wet forest along limestone ridge and slopes near tops. Epiphyte. Tepals purple-violet, lip white. Abundant. 7 March 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7410.

63. Spathoglottis Blume

63.221. S. pubescens Lindley

N. Vietnam, Lai Chau prov., Phong Tho distr., Chua Va mun., Around Hoang Lien Son Pass, 22°25'32''N 103°42'46''E at elev. 1300 m. Along roadside in disturbed habitat. Terrestrial herb with fleshy light green tubers. Sepals dull red with yellow, petals bright yellow, labellum bright yellow with dull red on sides. Occasional.

28 September 2000, D. Harder, P.K. Loc et al., DKH 5702.

64. Stereochilus Lindley

64.222. S. brevirachis E.A. Christenson*

S. Vietnam, Lam Dong prov., Dalat town, living collection in Institute of Tropical Biology (wild collected in Dalat town area). Epiphyte. Flowers white with very light violet tint, lip mid lobe purple-violet, side lobes white, column yellow, anther white.

18 April 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, HAL 4589 (Table 2, c).

64.223. S. dalatensis (Guillaumin) Garay

S. Vietnam, Lam Dong prov., Dalat town, private collection (wild collected in Dalat town area). Flowers odorless, yellowish light purple-violet, lip side lobes and mid lobe deep purple-violet. 15 April 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, HAL 4582.

65. Taeniophyllum Blume

65.224. T. minimum Gagnepain

S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., NE slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11°43'52''N 109°08'35''E at elev. 800-950 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Canopy epiphyte. Flowers light green. Rare. 30 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4373.

65.225. T. pahangense Carr

S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., N slope of Bach Ma mt. system around point 16°13'53''N 107°49'02''E at elev. about 400 m. Broad-leaved evergreen wet secondary closed forest along rocky river valley and on river slopes. Epiphyte in shady place. Flowers light yellowish-green. Rare. 2 May

2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 1586a.

66. Tainia Blume

66.226. T. angustifolia (Lindley) Benth. et Hook. f.

N. Vietnam, Ha Tinh prov., Huong Son distr., Son Hong mun., around point 18°34'06''N 105°11'40''E. Primary broad-leaved evergreen forest on steep mt. slopes composed with granite along Khe Van stream at elev. 350-450 m. Terrestrial herb on very steep rocky stream slope. Tepals light brown-yellow, lip white with fine purple-violet marks. Not common. 8 May 2004, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, P. V The et al., HAL 5183.

66.227. T. latifolia (Lindley) Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Nam Xe mun., Nam Xi Tan village, 22°02'57''N 103°58'35''E at elev. 700-1120 m. Secondary forest at top of ridge on

eroded granite. Occasional terrestrial herb. Tepals brown-green, lip dull pink-red with white ridges, yellow deeper in throat, column white with red tint, anther yellow.

26 February 2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep et al., DKH 6976. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary wet mossy mt. coniferous forest on sandstone (with Pinus dalatensis, Fokienia hodginsii, Dacrydium elatum, Dacrycarpus imbricatus) along ridge tops at elev. 1200 m. Terrestrial herb with inflorescence up to 1.5 m hg in mossy open place. Rare. 22 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh, VH 5574.

66.228. T. penangiana Hook. f.

S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., NE slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11°43'52''N 109°08'35''E at elev. 800-950 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Terrestrial and lithophytic herb. Tepals bright brown, lip white. Locally common. 30 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4411.

66.229. T. viridifusca (Hook.) Benth. et Hook. f.

S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., NEE slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11°43'52''N 109°08'35''E at elev. 600-700 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Lithophytic and terrestrial creeping herb on shady stream slope. Tepals light brown, lip with fine violet-purple tint. Occasional. 27 March 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4214. S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., E slopes of Nui Chua mt. to NNE of point 11°43'52''N 109°08'35''E at elev. 600-700 m. Primary evergreen dry forest on steep rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Lithophytic creeping herb along rocky stream valley. Tepals light brown, lip white with yellow-brown tint. Locally common. 6 April 2004, N. T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4677.

67. Thecostele Reichenb. f.

67.230. T. alata (Roxb.) Parish et Reichenb. f.

S. Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue prov., Phu Loc distr., Bach Ma N.P., N slope of Bach Ma mt. system around point 16°13'53''N 107°49'02''E at elev. about 100 m. Broad-leaved evergreen wet secondary closed forest along rocky river valley and on river slopes. Epiphyte on high trees along river valley. Tepals white with purple-brown marks. Not common. 2 May 2003, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 1547.

68. Thrixspermum Lour.

68.231. T. annamense (Guillaumin) Garay

S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., SE slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11°43'52''N 109°08'35''E at elev. 800-950 m. Primary evergreen dry forest on steep rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Canopy epiphyte. Tepals white, lip white with reddish center. Rare. 4 April 2004, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc,

L. Averyanov, N.T. Vinh et al., HLF 4б17.

68.232. T. calceolus (Lindley) Reichenb. f.

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., Bat Dai Son Protected Area, 23O09'04''N 104O59'53''E at elev. 1150 m. Primary and secondary forest on limestone ridge. Occasional short vine to 1 m lg on rocks. 12 February 2001, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б245.

68.233. T. centipeda Lour.

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong N.P., 20O30.0N 105O59.0E, Epiphyte on Randia in open place in secondary forest at elev. 127 m.

10 December 2001, N.T. Hiep, NTH 5382.

68.234. T. fleuryi (Gagnepain) Tang et F.T. Wang

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Na Ri distr., around point 20O14'50''N 106O05'47''E at elev. 300-500 m. Epiphyte on cultivated dry Prunus tree in village. Occasional.

26 November 2002, D. Harder, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., DKH 7б9б.

68.235. T. fragrans Ridley

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14O39'N 108O25'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved wet forest with Dacrycarpus imbricatus on steep mt. slopes on sandstone and gneiss at elev. 11001200 m. Epiphyte on high tree (Dacrydium elatum). Flowers yellowish. 17 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5297; Flowers odorless, yellowish-white, lip yellowish-white, side lobes with brown-orange stripes, column at front with smallest brown-orange marks. Not rare. 23 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.H. Hoang, N.T. Vinh et al., VH 5б43.

68.236. T. leucarachne Ridley

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. 9 April 2003, P.K. Loc, CPNP orchid collection 108, P s.n.

68.237. T. sutepense (Rolfe ex Downie) Tang et F.T. Wang*

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Cho Don distr., Ban Thi mun., Phia Khao village, around point 22O16'58''N 105O31'20''E at elev. 800-900 m. (Lung Chang and Lung Li mt.). Primary broad-leaved evergreen closed and coniferous (with Pinus fenzeliana) forest on very steep slopes and cliffs along tops of rocky ridge composed with solid marble-like stratified limestone. Epiphyte. Tepals light yellowish, lip light yellow-orange with reddish fine marks inside. Not rare. 20 May 2004, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, P.V The et al., HAL 4707 (Table 2, d).

69. Trias Lindley

69.238. T. nasuta (Reichenb. f.) Stapf

S. Vietnam, Kon Tum prov., Sa Thay. 2003, P.K. Loc, s.n.

70. Trichoglottis Blume

70.239. T. triflora (Guillaumin) Garay et Seidenf.

S. Vietnam, Lam Dong prov., Dalat town, private collection (wild collected in Dalat town area). Flowers odorless, tepals heavily spotted with red-brown, with dull yellow marginal line, lip and spur white, lip with few small purple-violet spots. 15 April

2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, HAL 4583.

71. Trichotosia Blume

71.240. T. dasyphylla (Parish et Reichenb. f.) Kraenzlin

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved wet forest with Dacrycarpus imbricatus on steep mt. slopes on sandstone and gneiss at elev. 1100— 1200 m. Creeping epiphyte on high trees. Not rare. 17 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh, VH 5300.

71.241. T. microphylla Blume

S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved wet forest on steep mt. slopes on sandstone and gneiss at elev. 1000-1200 m. Epiphyte on high tree. Flowers light green, lip light green with two deep brown spots in center. Not rare. 15 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh, VH 5151. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved wet forest with Dacrycarpus imbricatus on steep mt. slopes on sandstone and gneiss at elev. 1100-1200 m. Epiphyte on high tree. Flowers dull yellow, lip with 2 brown spots in center. 17 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N. T. Vinh, VH 5298.

71.242. T. velutina (Lodd. ex Lindley) Kraenzlin

N. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa prov., Ba Thuoc distr., Co Lung mun., Eo Dieu village, around point 20°26'06''N 105°13'51''E. Primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved closed submontane forest on top of rocky ridge composed with crystalline marble-like highly eroded limestone at elev. 900-1000 m. Epiphyte. Flowers white. Very common. 25 September 2003, L. Averyanov, D.T. Doan, J. Regalado, N.T. Vinh, HAL 3503. S. Vietnam, Kontum prov., Kon Plong distr., Hieu mun., Mang La forest enterprise, 14°39'N 108°25'E. Primary evergreen broad-leaved wet forest on steep mt. slopes on sandstone and gneiss at elev. 1000-1200 m. Epiphyte on high tree. Not common.

15 April 2000, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Vinh, VH 5145.

72. Tropidia Lindley

72.243. T. angulosa (Lindley) Blume

N. Vietnam, Quang Ninh prov., Ha Long Bay, Dau Go Cave, around point 20°54'650''N 107°01'149''E. 18 March 2003, P.V The, NTH 5621.

72.244. T. curculigoides Lindley

N. Vietnam, Lao Cai prov., Van Ban distr., Liem Phu mun., Khuoi Ngoa village, 21°58'08''N 104°21'00''E at elev. 520-1120 m. Primary and secondary forest with Fokienia hodginsii on quartzite and limestone. Occasional herb in shade. 21 February

2001, D. Harder, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., DKH б538; DKH бб27.

73. Vanda Jones ex R. Br.

73.245. V. alpina Lindley*

N. Vietnam, Lai Chau prov. Broad-leaved forest on limestone at elev. about 1000 m. Tepals light green with brown tint along margin, lip white, with deep purple-violet inside surface of side lobes and purple-violet stripes on the epichile. Column and anther white. Cultivated and flowered in Hanoi. 21 May 2003, L. Averyanov, N. T. Hiep, HAL 2907 (Table 2, e).

73.246. V. concolor Blume

N. Vietnam, Ha Giang prov., Quan Ba distr., Bat Dai Son mun., La Tan Va Valley, Bat Dai Son Natural Reserve around point 23O08'712N 105O00'348E. Primary closed evergreen dry broad-leaved and mixed needle-leaved forest on steep slopes or tops of limestone mt. at elev. 1158 m. Common on tops with Garcinia fagraeoides, Nageia fleuryi and Pseudotsuga sinensis. 2 March 2003, TV Thao, N.S. Khang, VT 83.

73.247. V. cristata Wallich ex Lindley*

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Thuan Chau distr., Co Ma site, about 45 km to the NWW from Son La city, around 21O22'N 103O27'E at elev. 800-900 m. Epiphyte in closed evergreen tropical seasonal broad-leaved submontane forest on limestone. 9 March 2004, T.T. Anh, P.K. Loc, P-10700 (Table 2, f).

73.248. V. petersiana Schltr.*

S. Vietnam, Lam Dong prov., Dalat town, living collection in Institute of Tropical Biology (wild collected in Dalat town area). Epiphyte. 18 April 2004, L. Averyanov, P.K. Loc, N.T. Hiep, HAL 4607a (Table 2, g).

73.249. V. pumila Hook. f.

N. Vietnam, Son La prov., Thuan Chau distr., Co Ma site, about 45 km to the NWW from Son La city, around 21O22'N 103O27'E at elev. 800-900 m. Epiphyte in closed evergreen tropical seasonal broad-leaved submontane forest on limestone. 9 March 2004, T.T. Anh, P.K. Loc, P-10700A.

74. Vietorchis Aver. et Averyanova

74.250. V aurea Aver. et Averyanova

N. Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N.P. Closed secondary broadleaved evergreen forest on limestone valley at elev. 200-300 m. Terrestrial ground leafless achlorophyllous saprophytic white herb in shady place. Flowers bright yellow. Very rare. May 2004, M. V. Xinh, MVX 261.

75. Vrydagzynea Blume

75.251. V. albida (Blume) Blume

N. Vietnam, Ha Tinh prov., Huong Son distr., Son Hong mun., around point 18O34'06''N 105O11'40''E. Primary broad-leaved evergreen forest on steep mt. slopes composed with granite along Khe Van stream at elev. 400-450 m. Terrestrial creeping

herb on shady rocky stream slope. Leaves uniform deep green. Locally common.

8 May 2004, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov, P.V. The et al., HAL 5215.

76. Zeuxine Lindley

76.252. Z. flava (Wallich ex Lindley) Benth. ex Hook. f.*

S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., E slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11°43'52''N 109°08'35''E at elev. 800-950 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Creeping herb on large shady boulders along stream. Leaves uniform light green. Rare. 31 March

2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4445.

76.253. Z. nervosa (Lindley) C.B. Clarke

S. Vietnam, Nghe An prov., Quy Chau distr., Dien Lam mun., on trail to the top 1148 m, 19°21'55''N 104°55'49''E at elev. about 900 m, north slope. Scattered in slightly logged primary closed evergreen tropical seasonal broad-leaved submontane forest on shale, sandstone and rhyolite on deep soil. Terrestrial herb. Flowers white. 17 February 2004, P.K. Loc, VM. Son, L.T. An et al., HLF 3095.

76.254. Z. parviflora (Ridley) Seidenf.

S. Vietnam, Ninh Thuan prov., Ninh Hai distr., Vinh Hai mun., E slopes on Nui Chua mt. to SW of point 11°43'52''N 109°08'35''E at elev. 700-800 m. Primary evergreen closed dry forest on steep rocky mt. slopes composed with granite. Creeping terrestrial herb. Leaves uniform green. Rare. 2 April 2004, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, P.K. Loc, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 4538.

77. Zeuxinella Aver.

77.255. Z. vietnamica (Aver.) Aver.

N. Vietnam, Bac Kan prov., Ba Be distr., Nam Mau mun., Ba Be N.P. around point 22°23'22''N 105°37'09''E. Fractionally logged primary evergreen closed broadleaved forest on slopes composed with crystalline highly eroded marble-like limestone at elev. 300-400 m. Terrestrial herb among shady rocks. Leaves velvety black above, dull purple beneath. Rare. 23 December 2002, J. Regalado, N.T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., HLF 638. N. Vietnam, Quang Ninh prov., Ha Long Bay, Dau Go Cave, around point 20°54'650N 107°01'149E. 19 March 2003, P.V The, NTH5649.

Authors cordially thank very much all participants and organizers of the field botanical explorations in Vietnam, particularly Dr. Nguyen Tien Hiep and Prof. Phan Ke Loc for their key role in organization of expeditions according to all investigation programs. We also wish to thank authorities of the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources and Dalat Institute of Biology of the Academy of Science and Technology of Vietnam, as well as Cuc Phuong National Park for their kindest permission for our studies of herbarium and living orchid collections housed in these institutions.

Permit for the collection and export of herbarium plant specimens were granted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, through a letter dated September 15,

Table 1. New species of orchids in the flora of Vietnam.

a - Cymbidium devonianum Paxton (HAL 4586); b -Cymbidium mastersii Griffith ex Lindley (HAL 4043); c -Cyrtosia nana (Rolfe ex Downie) Garay (HAL 2896); d -Dendrobium falconeri Hook. (HAL 2904); e - Dendrobium trigonopus Rchb.f. (HAL s.n. 2004); f - Dendrobium umbonatum Seidenf. (HAL 2906); g - Hetaeria nitida Ridley CNTH 5420G).

1998, Ref. No. 3551/BNN/KHCN, and from the Cuc Phuong National Park, through a letter dated September 16, 1998.

LITERATURE

Averyanov L. V. New and rare species of orchids (Orchidaceae) in Vietnamese flora // Bot. Journ. (Leningrad), 1988a. - Vol. 73, N° 5. - P. 720-729 (in Russian).

Averyanov L. V. New and rare species of the Orchidaceae family in Vietnamese flora // Bot. Journ. (Leningrad), 1988b. - Vol. 73, № 6. - P. 892-898 (in Russian).

Averyanov L. V. New and rare species of the Orchidaceae family in Vietnamese flora // Bot. Journ. (Leningrad), 1989. - Vol. 74, № 9. - P. 1347-1355 (in Russian).

Averyanov L. V. Familiae Orchidaceae species novae et rarae in flora Vietnami // Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (St.-Petersburg), 1998. - Vol. 31. - P. 39-67 (in Russian).

Averyanov L. V. Nomenclature changes and new orchids (Orchidaceae) in the flora of Vietnam // Bot. Journ. (St.-Petersburg), 1999. - Vol. 84, № 10. - P. 126-130 (in Russian).

Averyanov L.V. Rare species of Orchidaceae in the flora of Vietnam. 1. The genera Acanthephippium - Didymoplexiopsis // Bot. Journ. (St.-Petersburg), 2000a. - Vol. 85, № 3. - P. 128-138 (in Russian).

Averyanov L. V Rare species of Orchidaceae in the flora of Vietnam. 2. The genera Eria -Zeuxine // Bot. Journ. (St.-Petersburg), 2000b. - Vol. 85, № 4. - P. 137-147 (in Russian).

Averyanov L., Averyanova A. Rare species of orchids (Orchidaceae) in the flora of Vietnam // Turczaninowia, 2000. - Vol. 3, № 2. - P. 5-86 (in Russian).

Averyanov L. V., Averyanova A.L. Updated checklist of the orchids of Vietnam. - Vietnam National University Publishing House, Hanoi. - 2003. - 102 p. (bilingual, in English and in Vietnamese).

Averyanov L. V., Duong Duc Huyen. Rare species of the genus Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) in Vietnamese flora // Bot. Journ. (Leningrad), 1989. - Vol. 74, № 11. - P. 1667-1668 (in Russian).

Averyanov L. V., Dzuong Duc Huyen. New and rare species of the orchids (Orchidaceae) in the Vietnamese flora // Bot. Journ. (St.-Petersburg), 1993. - Vol. 78, № 7. - P. 81-85.

Averyanov L. V., Vu Ngok Long. Rare species of the genus Eria (Orchidaceae) in Vietnamese flora // Bot. Journ. (Leningrad), 1989. - Vol. 74, № 10. - P. 1518 (in Russian).

РЕЗЮМЕ

В статье приводятся новые местонахождения 255 редких видов орхидных из 77 родов, собранных на территории Вьетнама во время полевых работ 1999-2004 годов, а также обнаруженных в гербариях и частных коллекциях СРВ. 16 видов (Cymbidium devonianum, C. mastersii, Cyrtosia nana, Dendrobium falconeri, D. jenkinsii, D. trigonopus, D. umbonatum, Hetaeria nitida, Liparis tenuis, Peristylus holttumii, Stereochilus brevirachis, Thrixspermum sutepense, Vanda alpina, V. cristata, V. petersiana, Zeuxine flava) найдены во Вьетнаме впервые. Предложена одна номенклатурная комбинация в ранге разновидности (Dendrobium capillipes var. braianense).

Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова РАН г. Санкт-Петербург

Получено 12.09.2004 г.