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3Всеобщая история The World History
Цзинь Ли Пэн
Аспирант кафедры древней и средневековой истории, Белорусский государственный университет.
Развитие системы Lifang в городе Яоян династий Хань и Вэй*
Jin Li Peng
PhD student of the Department of Ancient and Medieval history of the Belarusian State University.
Development of Lifang system in Luoyang city of Han and Wei dynasties
As the basic unit of the urban and rural construction and management system in ancient China, Lifang is the basic way to divide and manage the living space in Chinese feudal society. It inherits through the dynasties and forms the system, which has affected the urban and rural construction and management and even the basic characteristics of society for thousands of years. As the capital of the Eastern Zhou (770 BC-256 BC), Eastern Han (25 AD-220 AD), Cao Wei (220 AD-266 AD), Western Jin (266 AD-316 AD) and Northern Wei (386 AD-534 AD) Dynasties, Luoyang, after more than 1600 years from the beginning, witnessed the whole process of the Lifang system from the beginning to maturity. In particular, the construction of Lifang in Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty has become a model of the fang system in China (as shown in the fig.1). On the basis of the Fang system in the Zhou Dynasty, the Lifang system of Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty
*
© Цзинь Ли Пэн, 2022.
Fig. 1. Distribution map of Lifang of Luoyang City in Han and Wei Dynasties.
integrated the characteristics of layout and surrounding the palace, so that the connection between the management and the market was gradually strengthened. The Lifang system developed to the Northern Wei Dynasty, and also basically formed a fixed model. Over the years, scholars have searched for clues about Luoyang Lifang in the Han and Wei Dynasties in the vast historical documents and archaeological materials, trying to restore the complete jigsaw puzzle of Luoyang Lifang in the Han and Wei Dynasties.
According to literature records and archaeological materials, since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the organization and management of the residents has been mainly carried out through the Lifang system. Lifang is the basic unit of the ancient capital settlement organization. In the pre-Qin period documents and the unearthed inscriptions, there is no bronze "fang" name. It is generally called "Li". The word "Li" first appeared in the literature in the
early Western Zhou Dynasty1.
The inscription of Ling Fang Yi of the bronze ware in the early Western Zhou Dynasty reads: "As for Zhou Dynasty, he made the place in a fixed position". "Shang Shu" recorded the Emperor of Kang (1082 BC-996 BC) ordered ministers to transform the situation, according to the evil separation:" The order of the Emperor of Kang to make books, separation the people as li"2. In the late Warring States Period, Cheng Zhou was renamed Luoyang, and it was expanded twice by Emperor Jing (520 BC-475 BC) of the Zhou Dynasty and Qin Premier Lv Buwei (292 BC-235 BC) successively, forming an urban pattern of nine li between north and south and six li from east and west. The number of Lifang increased somewhat, but there is no record in history. "Warring States policy Volume 18": "Su Qin (337 BC-284 BC) said:' The Xuan Li of Luoyang, the family were poor, no horse.'" During the Western Han Dynasty, Luoyang was the capital. According to the Arsenal, it made defended Chang' an. Wang Mang (45 BC-23 AD) usurped the Han Dynasty, to serve the Zhou, "Luoyang as the eastern capital of the new palace"3, the fifth year (13 BC) officially announced the establishment the capital of the Luoyang", " as the ancestral temple, the country, the suburban." But the situation is not available. Since the 1920s, a large number of slips from the Han Dynasty have been unearthed in Hubei Province, and some names in Luoyang have regained the light of heaven. From the "Henan Annals": "Bu Guang Li, in the East Gate, there is Zhai Pool"4. "Luoyang Jialan Ji "cloud:" Jianchun Gate (the Eastern Han Dynasty) in the imperial road south... when the Chinese Dynasty Bu Guang Li also"5. Yonghe Li. From "Henan Annals": " Yonghe Li, there is Dong Zhuo's house"6. Yanxi Li. From Volume 34 of the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty": "The Xuan family is in Yanxi Li"7. Shangshang Li. From the "Volume 14 of the Dong Guan
1 // «Kuang Yi»: «Call»: «50 Li».
2 2007. 750 p. // Kong Anguo. Shang Shu Justice [M]. Kong Yingda, justice. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2007. 750 p.
3 8@.'K^[M].4t«:+^^M.1999.179^. // Ban Gu. the Book of Former Han [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1999.
4 // Xu Song. Henan Zhi [M]. Gao Min, order the school. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1994. 77 p.
5 W&Z.-l&m// Yang Zhi. Luoyang Jialan Record of school interpretation [M]. Zhou Zumo, school interpretation. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1963.
6 W&Z.-l&m// Yang Zhi. Luoyang Jialan Record of school interpretation [M]. Zhou Zumo, school interpretation. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1963.
7 57^. // Fan Ye. History of the Later Han Dynasty [M]. Li Xian, note that the. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1999. 57 p.
Han Ji": "Give (Bao Yong) Luoyang Shangshang Li"8.
Lifang system is the most important grass-roots administrative organization system in ancient Chinese cities, and has always been the attention of scholars. Professor of Guangxi Normal University Zhou Changshan "City Study of the Han Dynasty, historical materials"9, analyzed the origin and historical development and the form of the Han Dynasty. It examines its role in the social, political, economic and cultural life of the Han Dynasty. It also involves the situation in Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Professor of Fudan University Yang Kuan believed that the Luoyang city of the Northern Wei Dynasty was the first time in the history of the ancient Chinese capital construction to systematically build the whole "inside" of the residents, made a neat layout, and stipulated a unified specification10. Professor of Sun Yat-sen University Chen Chang'an, Luoyang Place Names and Related Problems in the Epitaph of Mang Hill Northern Wei Dynasty11. Through the arrangement of the epitaph of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Some place names of the Northern Wei Dynasty were studied, and 13 townships and 50 Li of the Northern Wei Dynasty were listed, providing data for studying the administrative divisions of Luoyang of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Professor at Capital Normal University Zhang Jinlong "Northern Wei Luoyang Fang system"12.
1. The name of Lifang
In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the li names and lifang names are mostly found in "Taiping Imperial Survey" and "Henan Annals" and other historical documents. Now listed as follows: "taiping royal review volume 157" cited "jin palace pavilion name" recorded in Luoyang city in 45: " Nianhe Li, Yishou Li, Yongnian Li, Yidu Li, Taixue Li,Yongfu Li, Deguan Li, Daya Li, Xiaojing Li, Yon-gan Li, Ancheng Li, Zuochi Li, Dongtai Li, Anmin Li, Yanshou Li, Rizhong Li, Buguang Li, Xiguo Li, Dongban Li, Yiyang Li, Beihui Li, Anwu Li, Xixiao Li, Taishi Li, Guanglin Li, Shishi Li, Yiqiu Li, Gexi Li, Xihe Li, Xuanci Li, Yanjia Li, Youyang Li, Nanxiao Li, Zhonghui Li, Yinian Li, Weiyang Li, Limin Li, Xile Li, Beixi Li, Xiyi Li, Dongtong Li, Xuandu Li, Shiyang Li, Zhongan Li, Youchi Li." There were 10 fangs: " Luoyang Palace has Xianchang Fang, Shucheng Fang, Suide Fang, Suifu Fang, Yanlu Fang, Xiuzheng Fang, Chengqing Fang, Guifen
8 143^„ // Liu Zhen. The Eastern View of the Han Dynasty [M]. Wu Shuping, the school note. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2008. 143 p.
9 AE^Mtt.200I. // People's Publishing House, 2001.
10 // Yang Kuan, Research on the History of Ancient Chinese Capital System. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House. 1993. 89 p.
11 №MiW>.1987^^flJ. // The Cultural Relics of the Central Plains. In 1987. 119 p.
12 CffiiW^». 1999,6. // Historical Studies, 1999. № 6. 179 p.
Fang, Jiaofang Fang, Shulan Fang, Yiwen Fang"13. The first name and Fang name recorded by Xu Song in the Qing Dynasty are also quoted from the Jin Palace Pavilion Name, but slightly different from the Taiping Imperial Tour. "Henan Annals" will be able to test the source of the four li list, and added to the Wenchuan Li, Yichun Li, Bai She Li, Youyang Li. The name of the workshop added Fuchang Fang, Shoucheng Fang, Xuanguang Fang, Anle Fang, Relic Fang, Yishou Fang, Yongshou Fang, Chengzuo Fang, Yangsui Fang, Gong Fang, Fanchang Fang, Yang Fang, Ji Yang Fang, Sucheng Fang and other 13, missing Xiucheng Fang. "Henan Annals" single column fang: "Yongan Li, and house."14 from the" Book of Jin volume 66": "Liu Hong... little family Luoyang, and Emperor Wu living in Yong on Li"15. The name of the temple is just like the "Jingning Temple"16 in Jingning Temple in Luoyang of the Northern Wei Dynasty, so it is "Dongniu Temple", and the remaining one is not true. It is worth noting that there are "Xiyue Li", two Han Dynasty dynasties and "Nanyue Li" and "Dongyue Li" in Luoyang. According to the law of naming, east, west, south, north, upper, lower, left and right directions often appear accordingly.
In the second year of Jingming (501 AD), "50,000 people in the capital and built 323 fang, 40 years old". "One thousand two hundred steps each wall"17. Lifang construction of Luoyang City on the basis of the summary of the Lifang system construction, a planned establishment of an orderly shape, distinct hierarchy, reasonable layout, orderly management, so that the Lifang system is basically perfect, which is a milestone in the history of Chinese urban construction.
According to the known records of Luoyang city in the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Bu Guang Li is in Luoyang city"18," Bojun mansion, in the Bu Guang Li"19. Luoyang streets are square in shape, and there are 24 streets in the whole
13 // Li Fang. Tai Ping Yu Lan [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1960. 2965 p.
14 // Xu Song. Henan Zhi [M]. Gao Min, order the school. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1994. 77 p.
15 351. // Fang Xuanling. The Book of Jin [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1999. 351 p.
16 // Yang Zhi. Luoyang Jialan Record of school interpretation [M]. Zhou Zumo, school interpretation. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1963. 79 p.
17 79. // Wei Shou. Wei Shu [M]. Beijing:
Zhonghua Book Company, 1999. 79 p.
Li Daoyuan" Luoyang Ji" cloud: "Bu Guangli, in the city of Luoyang.". 191 p.
^ST^rit. // "Lifang" Taiping Royal Tour" volume 181 "Di" notes Lu Ji "Luoyang" cloud: " Bojun Di, in the next guangli.". 221 p.
city. According to this estimate, there should be more than 140 rooms." There are yonghe, Yanxi, shang (also known as shang)20, nine class21. Of course, this will not be the whole number of Luoyang city in the Eastern Han Dynasty. " Luoyang streets are square in shape, and there are 24 streets in the whole city. According to this estimate, there should be more than 140 rooms"22. The responsibilities of Lifang also obviously belong to the category of local administration, which is very different from the Western Zhou Dynasty, who mainly organized and led production. Li has completely become the local administrative grassroots institutions under the centralized system.
After the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang, the urban population increased sharply, and the imperial court settled the residents in accordance with certain principles. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, "Li" and "Fang" were mixed. There are three documentary records in the number of workshops in Luoyang city of the Northern Wei Dynasty. After the exploration of the relics and the comparison with the literature", A professor, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University Subai pointed out that "In the figures of Luoyang Lifang in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the records of "Luoyang Jialan Records" may be close to the reality. Mr.Su's opinion, the proposed certificate saw is more sufficient, seems to be the conclusion. Mr.Su's insights were published in 1978. In recent years, some new progress has been made in the archaeological excavation of Luoyang city in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the ruins of the outside wall on the east, west and north sides have been determined. According to the "Luoyang Jialan Record", It seems to also show that the south is Luo river north bank as the barrier, and li near the bank area few residents in fang. The new archaeological investigation determined the outside wall circle, further proved that "Luoyang Jialan Record" is basically correct.
2. The Lifang distribution of the Eastern Han Dynasty
Luoyang city of the Lifang distribution is mainly in the periphery of the palace city, the northeast corner of the city and the two sides of the Tongtuo Street, among which the northeast corner of the Lifang lived with dignitaries. Due to the Eastern Han Dynasty, the construction of wood, build a palace,
Mife. // "Fanye" Book of the Later Han" cloud: " Shang Shang, in the northeast of Luoyang. The stubborn man lives in it. Therefore, the day in the business house is also.". 19 p.
4tAMM. // "Lifang" Taiping Royal" volume 767 "nail" injection bow I good period t Luoyang "cloud:" a stone ox. In the north of the city.". 289 p.
22 (B—M) .+S®^IMMtt.1989,26. //
Dong Jianhong, A History of Urban Construction in China (second edition) . China State Construction Industry Press, 1989. 26 p.
garden, Zong temple, social altar, etc., formed the urban pattern of the two palaces facing each other, greatly compressed the resettlement space in the square. The situation of Lifang in the city is similar to that of Chang'an City of the Han Dynasty, namely: the second Palace, Yongan Palace and the Royal Garden occupy nearly half of the urban space. The space to accommodate Lifang is limited, and the overall pattern of Lifang cannot be standardized, so only the available space between the palace city can be used to settle in Lifang. Professor Dong Jianhong wrote in the History of Chinese Urban Development: "(Luoyang streets) intersect to form 24 sections. According to this estimate, there should be more than 140 li"23. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, as a milestone in the square planning in ancient China, Lifang had clear planning and rationality, and was mainly distributed within the inner city and beyond. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Northern Wei Dynasty continued to strengthen the strategic area. At the same time, it set up martial arts fields at the north gate and the west of Xia Gate Imperial Road. Every year, the city trained and practiced martial arts here. Big Xia Gate northeast built a scenic garden, mainly planting alfalfa. These institutions are all designed for combat readiness. In this way, a large number of fang concentrated in the east, south and west of the city. South of the west Luo River outside the gate of Xuanyang covers a large area, but few Lifang.
From the situation of Lifang described in "Luoyang Jialan Record", the arrangement of Lifang is not very orderly. First, because the Luoyang city of the Northern Wei Dynasty was built on the basis of utilizing and transforming the "nine and six cities" of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it also had more buildings in the Wei and Jin dynasties, such as the White Horse Temple. These buildings affect the uniformity of Lifang. Second, in addition to one square, there are many very different Lifang in size, and vary in position. There are no certain arrangement rules. Third, many water flows and lakes in the city, such as Luo and Yi River in the south of the city, and the Yang canal water in the east of the city, also affect the orderly arrangement of Lifang. Fourth, the palace of Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty was in the center of the north of the inner city.
In short, the Northern Wei Luoyang fang setting although by the former capital ruins, natural geographical factors and war factors, but overall is obvious planning, is the capital planning is the capital of the fang area as an important factor of the capital planning, fully embodies the progress of the capital planning and the concept of national rule, for the construction of the later capital city has had a profound influence.
23 // DongJian-
hong. The History of Urban Construction in China [M]. Beijing: China State Construction Industry Press, 2004. 34 p.
3. Lifang management
In the Eastern Han Dynasty and Wei and Jin dynasties, the Lifang area was still in the embryonic development period, and the government was not very strict in managing the Lifang area. The main nobles living in the Lifang area were left in and out relatively free. The Northern Wei government had a strict management of Li Fang. The door was locked at night. Luoyang County of the Northern Wei Dynasty has jurisdiction over many Lifang, where there are temples, offices, dwellings. Lifang is the grass-roots administrative unit of Luoyang County, every li side 300 steps (1,200 steps weekly), by each meter, each li about 90,000 square meters (0. 09km 2), each li has 8 people, 16 officials, 32 people, a total of 56 people. The residents in Lifang are all registered by the government, which are designated in fixed places and should not be moved casually. With regard to the large number of the southern and Siyi people coming to Luoyang, in order to control these population, we must try not to mix with the original residents, and settle the "Four Yi Li" and "Four Yi Pavilion". The government strictly inspected the dissatisfaction of the residents and the words and deeds that were not conducive to the feudal rule. In addition to controlling the residents by administrative means, the emperor also set up more temples in Lifang to vigorously promote Buddhism, so as to paralyze and control people's thoughts. It can be seen that the construction of many fang in Luoyang is from the convenience of ruling residents to consider.
Luoyang city of the Northern Wei Dynasty inherited the system of dividing the residents of the former capital city according to the inside, and developed and improved it, which made the layout of this period more standardized and strict, which had a direct impact on the system of Chang'an and Luoyang in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and had the significance of connecting the past and the future. Northern Wei Luoyang fang system construction, implementation and management, etc., are "ruling class" and "traditional culture" as the northern wei Luoyang fang system development of the guiding theory, this for the progress of the northern wei Luoyang fang system brought the cognitive thinking guidance, this is also the northern wei Luoyang fang system analysis. Therefore, this point is also one of the key points of the Lifang system management level.
Conclusion
Luoyang city of the Northern Wei Dynasty inherited the system of dividing the residential areas of the former capital city, and developed and improved it, which made the layout of this period more standardized and strict, which had a direct impact on the system of Chang'an and Luoyang in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and had the significance of connecting the past and the future. The Luoyang City Square system of the Northern Wei Dynasty has been developed and improved in all aspects, mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1. City fill roads are also a straight line extended to outside wall and lead to outside wall gate. The neat layout of the streets determines the basic characteristics of the layout of the square in the city and also presents a checkerboard shape. The roads in the street and the main streets in the city form a road system crossing the whole city. The description of the location of Lifang, Buddhist temple, market, bridge and other places in outside wall is often indicated according to the number and directions of the imperial gates of the inner city, which proves the uniform layout of Lifang in Luoyang. Therefore, Lifang is mainly distributed in the west, east and south sides of outside wall.
2. The characteristics of the hierarchy and identity of the residents in Lifang are also very obvious. According to the book of Luoyang, in the end of Luoyang, the number of households was "100,000 households", with five households, the total population reached 545,000. In addition, there were the big standard army, Buddhist monks and the original inhabitants of Luoyang, a considerable number of floating people engaged in commercial and handicraft industry, as well as the population gathered from the south and the people outside China.
3. The Northern Wei Dynasty implemented stricter management of Lifang. The setting of Lifang has a strong feudal military management characteristics. Emperor Xiaoming in the Northern Wei Dynasty appointed many officials is naturally to strengthen the control and management of the residents of Lifang.
4. Li Fang and the market combination of benefit close. Luoyang in the city of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the market arrangement have revealed the trend of the combination of the two. Luoyang city of the Northern Wei Dynasty arranged all three markets in the densely populated Lifang in the west, east and south. North Wei Luoyang City Lifang system on the basis of inheriting the previous generation, and the new development, presents many new characteristics, especially the inner city, outside wall shape plane building, make the wall to large-scale for, neat in fang area, according to the fang system layout and management, is the Northern Wei Luoyang City, this is the first time in the history of ancient Chinese capital construction in the capital residents built neatly.
As the capital of the Zhou, Eastern Han, Cao Wei, Western Jin and Northern Wei dynasties, Luoyang, after more than 1,600 years from the beginning, witnessed the whole process of the Lifang system from the beginning to maturity. In particular, the construction of Lifang in Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty has become a model of the Lifang system in China.
Библиографический список / Reference
[1] "Kuang Yi": "Call": "50 Li".
[2] Kong Anguo. Shang Shu Justice [M]. Kong Yingda, justice. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing
House, 2007. 750 p.
[3] Ban Gu. the Book of Former Han [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1999.
[4] Xu Song. Henan Zhi [M]. Gao Min, order the school. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1994. 77 p.
[5] Yang Zhi. Luoyang Jialan Record of school interpretation [M]. Zhou Zumo, school interpretation. Beijing:
Zhonghua Book Company, 1963.
[6] Yang Zhi. Luoyang Jialan Record of school interpretation [M]. Zhou Zumo, school interpretation. Beijing:
Zhonghua Book Company, 1963.
[7] Fan Ye. History of the Later Han Dynasty [M]. Li Xian, note that the. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1999.
57 p.
[8] Liu Zhen. The Eastern View of the Han Dynasty [M]. Wu Shuping, the school note. Beijing: Zhonghua Book
Company, 2008. 143 p.
[9] People's Publishing House, 2001.
[10] Yang Kuan, Research on the History of Ancient Chinese Capital System. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House. 1993. 89 p.
[11] The Cultural Relics of the Central Plains. In 1987. 119 p.
[12] Historical Studies, 1999. № 6. 179 p.
[13] Li Fang. Tai Ping Yu Lan [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1960. 2965 p.
[14] Xu Song. Henan Zhi [M]. Gao Min, order the school. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1994. 77 p.
[15] Fang Xuanling. The Book of Jin [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1999. 351 p.
[16] Yang Zhi. Luoyang Jialan Record of school interpretation [M]. Zhou Zumo, school interpretation. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1963. 79 p.
[17] Wei Shou. Wei Shu [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1999. 79 p.
[18] " Li Daoyuan" Luoyang Ji" cloud: "Bu Guangli, in the city of Luoyang.". 191 p.
[19] "Lifang" Taiping Royal Tour" volume 181 "Di" notes Lu Ji "Luoyang" cloud: " Bojun Di, in the next guangli.". 221 p.
[20] "Fany" Book of the Later Han" cloud: " Shang Shang, in the northeast of Luoyang. The stubborn man lives in it. Therefore, the day in the business house is also.". 19 p.
[21] "Lifang" Taiping Royal" volume 767 "nail" injection bow I good period t Luoyang "cloud:" a stone ox. In the north of the city.". 289 p.
[22] Dong Jianhong, A History of Urban Construction in China (second edition) . China State Construction Industry Press, 1989. 26 p.
[23] Dong Jianhong. The History of Urban Construction in China [M]. Beijing: China State Construction Industry Press, 2004. 34 p.
Цзинь Ли Пэн
Аспирант кафедры древней и средневековой истории, Белорусский государственный университет.
Развитие системы в городе Яоян династий Хань и Вэй
Аннотация. Являясь основной жилой единицей населения древней столицы Китая, а также низшими учреждениями и объектами государственного управления города, Ша^ играет важную роль в обществе. Впервые при династиях Хань и Вэй, особенно при династии Северная Вэй, город Лоян был четко определен как важная часть планирования столицы, что стало важной вехой в истории развития Лифана в древнем Китае. В этой статье сочетаются изучение археологических находок и исторической литературы, формирование городского фона Лояна, количество, развитие, управление, таким образом, указывается, что система «фанга» культурного значения и система «фанга» как двойная роль планирования капитала и социального управления, более позднее китайское обществе имеет большее влияние.
Ключевые слова: Лифан, город Лоян династий Хань и Вэй, китайская археология, древнекитайское градостроительство, археологические раскопки Института археологии Китайской академии общественных наук.
Jin Li Peng
PhD student of the Department of Ancient and Medieval history of the Belarusian State University.
Development of Lifang system in Luoyang city of Han and Wei dynasties Abstract. As the basic living unit of the people in the ancient capital of China and the grass-roots institutions and facilities of the state management city, Lifang plays an important role in the whole society. For the first time in the Han and Wei dynasties, especially in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Luoyang City was clearly defined as an important part of the capital city planning, which was a milestone in the development history of Lifang in ancient China. This paper combines the study of archaeological findings and historical literature, the formation of Luoyang city fang, quantity, development, management, thus points out that the fang system of the cultural connotation and the fang system as the dual role of capital planning and social management, the Chinese later society has a profound influence.
Key words: Lifang, Luoyang City of Han and Wei Dynasties, Chinese Archaeology, Ancient Chinese urban planning, Archaeology excavation of the Archaeology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Science.
