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where «cock» is translated both as «rooster» and «penis». The image of marten (kunytsia) -fur animal sitting in a haystack, is the embodiment of female genital organs. It is associated with erotic symbols, and a derivative of it «kunka» means vagina. Any energetic work is often compared with sexual intercourse - grinding flour, hulling grain, prickling with awl, hooping bucket, grinding in makitra, forging baby. In this connection the image of so-called sexual aggressor who is popular among womankind as an ideal partner arises: miller, cobbler, cooper, potter, and blacksmith. There are three main groups of concepts in the songs -genitals, sexual intercourse and virginity as the necessary condition for the success of the rite, happy family life of newlyweds and a heavy crop of the farmers' community. Frequently songs have a situation when a penis and its owner are identified; herewith it does not matter who has sexual intercourse - a man or an impersonated body organ. Despite the fact that sexual rudiments characterizing the fertility cult are widely represented in the mentioned rituals, coitus was always a taboo thing. The exception was a manifestation of anti-social behaviour dictated by the conditions of certain rites, such as «komora» and «perezva».
Key words: fertility cult, rites, wedding, komora (pantry), perezva.
UDC [654.19: 070.431.2] (477) (043)
M. Nagorniak
RADIO SKETCH AS A MEANS OF NATIONAL PATRIOTIC EDUCATION IN
UKRAINIAN FAMILIES (ILLUSTRATED WITH EXAMPLES OF STUDENT STUDY WORKS)
Now Ukraine is going through extremely difficult time when every citizen of Ukraine must show maximal social consciousness, great patriotic feelings. Given this, a specific emphasis should be laid on students' education. Thus, this article contains a detailed study of ideological and semantic, structural and compositional, linguistic and stylistic as well as music-and-sound background of a radio sketch, because the author considers this genre of artistic and journalistic broadcasting to be optimal in terms of implementation of the patriotic education in Ukrainian families. Radio sketch is the most convenient informational genre because it is short, does not require absolute concentration of people's attention, is rich in artistic and stylistic means, the effect of which is heightened with specially selected music-and-sound background. The author draws attention to the importance of including the radio sketch genre into educational programmes for students because owing to its wide expressive potential it is an efficient means of national-patriotic education in Ukrainian families.
Key words: radio sketch, artistic and journalistic broadcasting, means of expression, educational radio program.
The general problem and its scientific and practical value. Recently (during 20142015) Ukraine has been going through extremely difficult and powerful socio-political upheavals caused by the Revolution of Dignity, Russia's annexation of the Crimean Autonomous Republic, the anti-terrorist operation in the East of Ukraine aimed at protection of our territorial integrity and state sovereignty. In the historical sense, this is the time when every citizen of Ukraine must show maximal social consciousness, great patriotic feelings in order not only to survive with dignity in such a difficult period, but also to win the war with a malicious enemy. In fact, many Ukrainian citizens - soldiers of the anti-terrorist operation (ATO), their families, students, schoolchildren, volunteers, doctors, teachers, people of other
professions - show examples of an extraordinary heroism, courage, bravery and confidence in the victory of our country.
It is clear that most of these conscious-minded citizens have families and live with them. It is a family circle consisting of family members and close people, which represents a particular kind of a platform for formation of young people's outlook, developing their protest attitude, for establishing an atmosphere of complete trust and support. Such targeted and systematic family activities create favorable background for education of young Ukrainians, putting state interests above personal ones. Given this, such public educational institutions as kindergartens, schools, specialized secondary schools and higher education institutions together with family units should develop patriotism, spirituality and generosity in young hearts and minds.
In this context, a specific emphasis should be laid on students' education, because the dispersal of peaceful student protests on 30 November 2013 became the beginning of the Ukrainian people's struggle for their decent future. Every day young citizens of Ukraine, in particular, students act as consumers and producers of a huge volume of different information in various fields of knowledge. Herewith V. Lyzanchuk justly states that in the immense information abundance there are not only positive but also significant negative forces. Way back in 2006 the scientist emphasized the fact that «for a long time there exists an information warfare against Ukraine. In this war we are neither a subject, nor one of the rivals. We are a target». According to V. Lyzanchuk, «the war teakes place on our territory. Indeed, the battlefield is our brain, brains of young people who have not developed national standards of moral, spiritual and ethical values yet». (Lyzanchuk 2006: 198).
A Ukrainian family unit plays an important role in the formation of pro-european values of students. A lot depends on such factors as: grandmother's and grandfather's Ukrainian national identity, mother's and father's Ukrainian national identity, sisters' and brothers' Ukrainian national identity; respect of national customs and traditions by all family members during family, local and national events (and celebrations in particular); respectful attitude to aged family members; interest in genealogy research (family tree); active life position towards participation in social and political events; creating an aura of patriotism and generosity.
Ukrainian family has payed considerable attention to the interests of its young members throughout the whole turbulent period of Ukrainian history. It lasted almost a decade - from 2006 to 2014. During this period there was held an information war against Ukraine, which led to a real war between two nations. The events of 2014-2015 years have given an exhaustive answer to the posed questions - the vast majority of Ukrainian youth, of Ukrainian students, who raised first in the fight for a better future of Ukraine, the first who gave their lives for their country's freedom and independence. And now it is necessary to make every possible effort to make children and young people - who will become students tomorrow -grown up as true patriots of their native land who will be ready to defend Ukraine's independence and integrity from the arch-enemy. The national-patriotic education of youth in Ukrainian families is aimed at realization of such high goals. First and foremost, this article describes the means that should necessarily be used in patriotic education of those students who chose the most democratic profession in the world for their future career - the profession of a journalist. Because tomorrow these students will work in Ukrainian mass media services cultivating in Ukrainian families love to their country and everything Ukrainian.
Experience shows that one of the most efficient means of students' national-patriotic education is preparation of educational programmes for broadcasting. Such trainings are held in The Institute of Journalism of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Third-year students of the radiogroup besides information and information-analytical programmes produce also programmes of artistic and fiction genres. Actually, artistic and journalistic
broadcasting among other types of broadcasting have the most powerful potential for systematic and purposeful implementation of national-patriotic education because of its expressive capacity.
Considering that this form of students' education (as young members of Ukrainian families) should obtain a new, much deeper and much more meaningful essence, the scientific and practical value of this problem is obvious.
Review of recent research papers and publications. The problem of artistic and journalistic broadcasting in Ukrainian radiospace as well as the problem of genre varying and enriching the content of this type of broadcasting were explored by such researchers as I. Homenko, V. Myronchenko, O. Hoyan, V. Oliynyk, Y. Baranevych, Y. Yelisovenko, V. Lyzanchuk, V. Fomenko and some other theorists and practitioners of national journalism. A sketch like a hybrid genre was also studied by such foreign researchers as T. Marchenko, M. Mikryukov (Russia), E. Barnou, S. Fild (USA), H. Shvitske, E. Fisher (Germany) and others. However, there is no such a study, that would contain all-in-one semantic, structural, linguistic and stylistic as well as music-and-sound features of a radio sketch and there is no understanding of this genre as one that contains significant potential for the implementation of national-patriotic education. This, in particular, is the reason of why this article was written.
As an experimental material there were taken themed radio sketches about «A Letter to an ATO soldier», prepared by the third-year radiogroup students of The Institute of Journalism of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. They were transmitted by Ukrainian student online radio CAMPUS RADIO UKRAINE (campusradio.univ.kiev.ua) during September-November 2014 and then they were repeated in January-May 2015. Thus, audio content was examined by listening to radio sketches and by analyzing their different aspects during practical trainings. Totally, there were examined 16 radio programmes. Meanwhile, let me emphasize that the series of themed radio sketches «A Letter to an ATO soldier» won a «Non-competitive radio programme» award at the Second Ukrainian Festival of TV and Radio programmes «Student MIX» which took place in November 2014 and was organized jointly by The Institute of Journalism of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and the State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting of Ukraine.
Summary of the main material. A radio sketch belongs to the artistic and journalistic or fiction and documentary genre of radio broadcasting. In fact, the researchers do not distinguish it as a separate genre, considering it as a short radio feature story or mini radio feature story. Most Ukrainian and foreign scientists consider that a radio sketch is a hybrid genre, which combines features of journalism and art.
I. Homenko, a specialist in artistic broadcasting as a component of social communication stresses that «the most substantial peculiar feature of the genre is not only a distinct focus on the details, but a systematic synthesis of fact (biographical) and artistic techniques, expressive means which are peculiar for art» (Khomenko 2010: 166). V. Lyzanchuk pays especial attention to the significant meaning of a fiction component of a radio sketch. According to the scientist, «when using landscape and portrait descriptions as well as the whole arsenal of vocal expressive means, the author amplifies with artistic means the sounding of journalistic opinions» (Lyzanchuk 2006: 476).
Essential and semantic features of a radio sketch are notable for that fact that this short feature story is based on a lyrical story describing some person, some phenomenon or some event. Generally it is referred to significant, memorable and meaningful moments of life of some person, some group of people, city, country, historical events, etc., to which radio journalists attract the attention of the audience. «The genres of this group - as Russian researchers E. H. Bahirov and V. M. Ruzhnykov note - are based not only on rare or private cases, but vitally important collisions which are always focused on a person who is a creator
of the event» (Bagirov and Ruzhnykov 1984: 152).
A lyric story in a radio sketch should be based on reliable factual data, clear chronology and progression in presentation of material, as well as on a balance in giving different opinions. In view of above mentioned, before starting to write a radio sketch it would be useful for a journalist to conduct a preconceptual study aimed at providing a maximum of actuality and credibility for facts being used in the material. Analyzing and summarizing documentary life material, a journalist has a right to come to his/her own thinking of general nature, searching relevant artistic images for the implementation of his/her author's intention.
It is important to mention, that in reference to the complex of expressive means used in a mini radio feature story, it is a universal genre. A radio sketch uses the full range of techniques included in the natural and technical potential of radio broadcasting. It happens very often so that interviews, reports, speech in front of a microphone or separate material fragments of these genres are components of sketches.
After successful publicity in the network of a number of information and analytical programmes, the third-year students of the radiogroup of The Institute of Journalism of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv were asked to make a radio sketch on the theme «A Letter to an ATO soldier». Future radio journalists had a right to choose the personage of their sketch - it could be a real soldier who took part in fighting in the East of Ukraine and about whom the students learned from mass media reports; a soldier whom they personally know (relative, classmate, neighbor) or a fictitious character. Actually, when working on a radio sketch the students were demanded to have an acquaintance with an ATO soldier's family, a talk with the people who are very close to the hero, to make records of the brightest pages of his biography.
I propose to review some fragments of the following options used in such above mentioned themed radio sketches. The author of the first work is Inna Haschenko (style preserved).
Ever since I got to know that you are in the forefront, I could not sleep. I feel through kilometers your anxiety, your fear, sometimes despair, but the most important thing is that I feel the invincible faith. My faith has got stronger too. Faith in you, and therefore in our victory.
Now I know from what begins Ukraine. It begins from your point of view - strict, tough, sure. You are Ukraine and I love such Ukraine. You are the proof of what I have been believed in since my childhood, of what I brought up in myself. You are what I have read in fairy tales, I have seen in movies, I have heard in stories. You are embodying all my imaginations of patriotism, courage and self-sacrifice.
Now I pray for you, I am kneeling in front of you, as if I were kneeling in front of the Savior. You are my Savior. You are the face of my people, of my nation. You're the one who have been written about T.Shevchenko and I.Franko, V.Stus and M.Rylskiy. B.Khmelnytsky and I.Bohun had raised swords over their heads in order you would become such a person whom I know now, who you are in the eyes of Ukraine. Dozens, hundreds, thousands of people like you, make history today, determining the future of our children. You're a part of something great and genuine. Your face is a holy face from an icon, you are a hero in the eyes of millions of Ukrainians.
I am proud as ever in my life, my love for you has grown thousand times. You are my reason to wake up in the morning, to work for Ukraine, because I know that every day you accomplish a feat which is a truly heroic feat.
I used to think that it is easy to love a hero, but it is not so. Love flavoured with patriotism is doomed to eternal life. Whenever I see somewhere blue and yellow flag, a little girl in an embroidered shirt, a student in T-shirt with national emblem, I fall in love with you
again and again.
I beg you, come back alive.
The author of the second material is Irina Bubliy (style preserved).
Comrade! Your friends write you. The greatest joy for us is to know that you are alive, not wounded and safe and you are holding our letter. Did your battalion receive new bulletproof jackets and warm clothes? Dear friend, you cannot imagine how many people have agreed to help us, how much joy and gratitude brings every victory of our army! This is the least that we can do. Be sure to write, if something is needed.
My dear son, my beloved son! I could not wait to get your letter or a phone call. When I looked with despair to the mailbox and saw the familiar handwriting I instantly forgot about the pain in my back and raised to the fourth floor in order to open the envelope as quick as possible together with dad, sister and Yarynka. How wonderful it is that you have sent a picture! You have found true front-line comrades. The only thing is that you got very thin, my dear son ... But the most important thing is to know that you are healthy, and we will take care of the rest. All residents of our house are waiting for your return back home, on our street you have become a real hero. Your sister with one of her friends have joined to the volunteers's group, they help wounded soldiers in hospitals and work with kids. Those poems and drawings that you have received, had been written by students of their school. Darling, come back as soon as you can! Above all we would like to think that our family will also see and hug our hero one day. Take care of yourself!
Beloved! Today our daughter made her first steps. When you arrive, she will be the first who will meet you, she will run to her daddy and hug him. She always recognizes you in photos and holds out little hands to your face. When Yarynka grows up, she will get to know that her father is a hero, like hundreds of others who have gone to war side by side with her dad. I look at her dreamy face which has not been shadowed by hardships of life yet, and I see Ukraine. That genuine Ukraine that was born in front of our eyes a few years ago. I pray for both of them that troubles never occur on their way, where they make their careful but confident first steps. I believe that we all will be happy and protected in our common home, in our strong peaceful country. It is worth the wrench of saying goodbye, the anxiety of expectations, long sleepless nights. We are waiting for you every day! Be vigilant and remember that the hearts of your dearest people are always close to you!
The author of the third material is Tatiana Gorban (style preserved).
She made her first steps. It happened yesterday. I and you have been waiting for this moment for so long! And yesterday she said a short word «ma!». She pushed off the wardrobe and tottered hesitantly towards me. One, two, three little steps - and then she reeled and fell into my arms. Her wavy and light forelocks like a fluff whip and hide her eyes. She has got big blue eyes like her father has. Being stunned by what she has done a moment ago, she raises her face. Her look is surprised and as if she were frightened. She is so babish and happy when she has a wide smile showing her tiny white teeth. So, dear daddy, our Marusya can walk!
She asks me where are you. I answer that her father is at work. But she does not believe me. She babbles something, and I understand her. She knows that although her daddy returns from work, but returns late. She waits but her daddy does not come. And it happens over and over again...
And how are you there? Now it's your turn. Tell everything, everything what you see, what you feel. What heaven is over you? How are you friends? Apparently, guys are hungry... It's not me, it's my mom says so. She watches the news, but as soon as they tell about humanitarian aid or volunteers, she says: «Oh, what kind of help it can be. Look! Without mom's borsch and cutlets our Cossack will never feel so good». She is so funny.
I will visit your parents tomorrow. Fedir Ivanovych called in the afternoon, he is going
to stab the pig pending your arrival. He says: «When my son returns, I will make a feast for the whole village! That is how!». He visits his neighbors and boasts that his son defends his homeland. But he is so cheerful and merry only in public. And when he stays alone in his cookhouse, through the cracks of which the wind gently blows, he can cry sneakly. He can not set to work, he is sick at heart. Why do I say this to you? I should not upset you.
It is lacking a virile strength for me and our little daughter at home. But if it must be so, we are ready to endure. And you lets continue your fight. Lets continue your fight because there will not be another occasion to do this. Now I am ready to endure everything for the sake of peace.
Almost every day Marusya and I look at photos where you are a child. And who knew, who knew that this little boy would grow up such man ... a soldier. Our little daughter took a photo of you at about two years age: you are lying on a gun-club check blanket, you wholer body is covered in wrinkles, your eyes are opened widely, your baby's eyelashes and fluffy forelocks are the same ones like our Marusya has. Our baby has hidden this photo in the pocket of her jacket. Each time she removes it and says: «Da.da-ddy-yy-y!»
I send my best regards to the guys. Come back with victory!
After analyzing the text and audio content of these radio sketches, the author came to the following conclusions.
The first conclusion concerns ideological aspects. Almost in all creative works (in 14 out of the 16 radio sketches) the authors address to the families of ATO soldiers treating them as an eternal and unquestioning value of the modern world and as a sustainable constant of human life. Students are confident that it is family of soldier has become a powerful spiritual foundation which has formed a hero as a human personality and individuality. ATO soldiers' mothers' and fathers' emotions and excitement are expressed in a deeply lyrical form. These people tell surprisingly touching family stories, so that you can learn how they were becoming young grown-up men. Students as attentive correspondents managed to find out the most vivid details of the future hero's biography and become confident that the family unit was, is and will be the cornerstone of human life.
The second conclusion concerns compositional and structural aspects. Radio sketches consist of several parts. In the first (opening) part the authors present their general views on military operations in the Eastern Ukraine. In the second (main) part usually is a sincere, frank and sensuous story where there are presented such components as an appeal to the hero, the memories of his childhood and youth, people that are dear to him and various life situations sowing a soldier's will-to-win spirit. The authors tell about soldiers' families, describing feelings and emotions of nearest and dearest to them people. The third (final) part, as a rule, sums up the narrative, contains conclusions that Ukraine will win the war, because it is asserting its independence, strives for a better future.
Actually, the ideological and content features as well as the structural and compositional features of a radio sketch witch is considered to be a short radio feature story determine a choice of language and stylistic tools.
The third conclusion is about linguistic and stylistic aspects. Analyzed works have shown widespread use of different linguistic and stylistic means of influencing emotional and sensual sides of the audience.
1) In the lexical aspect - the use of stylistically marked vocabulary. It is referred to a high frequency usage by students of social and political words and phrases belonging to journalistic, artistic and journalistic styles. In radio sketches the most common words were ones that belong to such parts of speech:
- nouns - a hero, a soldier, a warrior, a commander, a war, a bombing, a bullet, a sword, a battalion, an army, bullet-proof jackets, pain, tears, Motherland, faith, independence,
invincibility, patriotism, courage, self-sacrifice, heroism, glory, Saviour, prayer, separation, expectation, flag, embroidery and others;
- verbs - to pray, to believe, to wait, to stand, to feel, to become stronger, to recall, to educate, to nurture, to inspire, to love, to talk, to beg, to come back, to preserve, to protect, to heal, to stay, to worry, to guard, to remember, to subtract, to destroy, to humiliate and others;
- adjectives - unbreakable, austere, restrained, confident, alive, great, bright, majestic, real, heroic, blue and yellow, eternal, destroyed, mutilated, hostile, nasty, dear, unharmed, tactical, volunteer, dreamy, marred, strong, peaceful, immortal and others;
- adverbs - sometimes, never, sneakly, soon, promptly, nearby, somewhere, once, for a long time, certainly, instantly, quickly, well, daily, gently, quietly, surreptitiously, though, always and others.
1) In the syntactic aspect - the use of complex structures (compound sentences, complex sentences, complex sentences with multiple subordinate clauses, sentences with participial and adverbial-participial phrases, complex sentences with expletive constructions, long simple sentences with many homogeneous parts, etc.). For example, «I pray for both of them that trouble never occur on their way, where they make their careful but confident first steps», «It is worth the wrench of saying goodbye, the anxiety of expectations, long sleepless nights», «And we imagined with your dad that very soon you would follow in their footsteps, that it will be you, our dear boy, whom war made grow up so quickly», «On the Independence Day I would stand there steeped in tears under blue and yellow flags knowing that I was inspiring one soldier» and others.
2) In the stylistic aspect - the use of different artistic means (metaphors, epithets, comparisons, etc.). For example, «... I am kneeling in front of you, as if I were kneeling in front of the Savior», «Your face is a holy face from an icon», «Our independence is being born here, on the ruins of destroyed towns and villages, rising like a phoenix from the ashes», «These lands were created for caring and laborious hands, but not for the enemies' boots», «This wound on the body of Ukraine» and others.
Analysis of linguistic and stylistic features of a radio sketch convinces us again that an author's participation in this genre is the first and most necessary component of the material. We can't but agree with V. V. Lyzanchuk, that an author's participation does not only foster deeper and fuller understanding of a hero's personality and the events described; but it also plays an important role in the compositional organization of all structural elements in one language field. According to the scientist, «when using landscape and portrait descriptions as well as the whole arsenal of vocal expressive means, the author amplifies with artistic means the sounding of journalistic opinions» (Lyzanchuk 2006: 476).
A special focus should be on intonation and music-and-sound effects used in radio sketches. The search of proper emotional coloring of the voice in accordance with the content of a radio sketch, varying tones depending on changes in author's and narrator's mood - all this makes a journalist plunge deeper into his journalistic and human nature. According to the author, one can take full advantage of using inner voice most of all in documentary and fiction genres, and particularly in a radio sketch.
She is confident that a radio sketch is the most favorable background for bringing into effect one of the Radio's Golden rules: if you don't feel deeply yourself what you are talking about in the sketch - then you will never touch the listeners' hearts.
The ability to use intonation properly is an extremely important aspect in the work of a radio journalist who prepares and presents a radio sketch on the airwaves. Since linguistic intuition of students is usually not fully formed yet, it is recommended to read a radio sketch several times under the tutor's control before reading it on the air. I would like to note that one of the most outstanding personalities who perfectly mastered the ability to feel any text
keenly, to find out the right vocal tones, - was a legendary announcer Yuriy Levitan. This is how a journalist B. Lyashenko recalls him:
«Indeed, no matter how «barren» and official a text could be, Yuriy Levitan always sounded unusually humanly, because he had the temperament of the right warmth which was needed to stay natural and convincing even when reading texts that were broadcasted live to the whole country. It always looked like he was seeing and experiencing the events which he was reading about»(Levitan 1987: 22).
A radio sketch as a short radio performance requires careful selection of music-and-sound background. Music and documentary sounds can play a serious role as an accompaniment to journalistic text, they can make it more vivid, emotional, varied, and therefore, more attractive to the audience. When speaking about the use of music-and-sound effects in radio sketches, there's an important rule: music and sounds should not prevail over the text; they should just complement and enrich the text. I. Khomenko put emphasis on the importance of using expressive means of artistic genres in radio broadcasting:
«The necessary condition of deep immersion of the listener in the acoustic reality, firstly, is the complete conformity of the used dramatic and directorial techniques with the expressive radio broadcasting means, and secondly, great artistic authenticity and wholeness of the recreated reality» (Khomenko 2010: 26).
Incidentally, it should be noted that music-and-sound background of radio sketches is an extremely expressive and effective tool for implementation of the national-patriotic education of youth. The works of Ukrainian classics, contemporary composers and performers strengthen patriotic upbringing of youth, raise their will-to-win spirit.
When analyzing background music used in student radio sketches, I would like to note that for expressive development of a theme future radio journalists use works not only of Ukrainian but also foreign composers. There were used such works as Lysenko's «Elegy», Ludovico Einaudi's «Monday», S. Vakarchuk's «Vstavay» («Get up»), Okean Elzy's «Dyakuyu» («Thank you»), «Kholodno» («Cold» - piano instrumental version), V. Hronsky's soundtrack to the film «The one who passed through the fire» and others. Predominantly, background music for radio sketches is distinguished by a slow pace, lyricism, emotionality. All background music works for radio sketches emphasize dialogic or monologic linguistic structural elements of the text and enhance significantly its emotional colouring. So, we can say that background music improves the perception and memorizing of a text by the audience.
Results and conclusions. As a result of the detailed study of ideological and semantic, structural and compositional, linguistic and stylistic as well as music-and-sound background of a radio sketch, the author considers this genre of artistic and journalistic broadcasting to be optimal in terms of implementation of the patriotic education in Ukrainian families. Such materials should become mandatory for listening in Ukrainian families; they present the best educational models for work with the youngest family members. Radio sketch is the most convenient informational genre because it is short, does not require absolute concentration of people's attention, is rich in artistic and stylistic means, the effect of which is heightened with specially selected music-and-sound background. These are the factors allowing to feel the author's personality, his ideological identity, moral and psychological state, and intellectual level. Such a convenience in listening makes this genre of artistic journalism really familial, heart-to-heart. Owing to their harmonious inner sincerity, ingenuousness, enhanced emotionality, radio sketches have the most effective impact on the audience. The evidence of this is that when listening to radio sketches during practical trainings the students together with the lecturer were touched to such an extent that they were all crying over every narrative.
Thus, the radio sketch «A letter to an ATO soldier» as a radio-journalistic genre has accomplished its social and educational missions, which are to develop national
consciousness, national thinking, citizenship in Ukrainian families and particularly in hearts and minds of their youngest members. By such a way of practical and spiritual perseption of reality Ukrainian youth is brought up with patriotic sentiments which constitute the basis for upbringing highly developed personalities, future masteful Ukrainian statesmen.
The author draws attention to the importance of including the radio sketch genre into educational programnes for students because owing to its wide expressive potential it is an efficient means of national-patriotic education in Ukrainian families.
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7. Нагорняк М. Особливосп функцюнування втизняних мережевих радюстанцш / М. Нагорняк // Сошальш комушкацп: результати дослщжень - 2014 : колект. моногр. - Кшв : КНУЮМ, 2015. - С. 206-245 ; Nahorniak M. Osoblyvosti funktsionuvannia vitchyznianykh merezhevykh radiostantsii / M. Nahorniak // Sotsialni komunikatsii: rezultaty doslidzhen - 2014 : kolekt. monohr. - Kyiv : KNUKiM, 2015. - S. 206-245
8. Нагорняк М. Вщеоскладник розмовних програм на украшських мережевих радюстаншях: реалп та перспективи / М. Нагорняк // Теле- та радюжурналютика. -2015. - Вип. 14. - С. 214-220 ; Nahorniak M. Videoskladnyk rozmovnykh prohram na ukrainskykh merezhevykh radiostantsiiakh: realii ta perspektyvy / M. Nahorniak // Tele- ta radiozhurnalistyka. - 2015. - Vyp. 14. - S. 214-220
9. Нагорняк М. В. Жанровi прюритети новинного контенту мережевих радюстанцш як чинник ефективно! комушкацп зi споживачами/ М. В. Нагорняк
// Психолшгвютика. - 2015. - Вип. 17. - С. 264-274 ; Nahorniak M. V. Zhanrovi priorytety novynnoho kontentu merezhevykh radiostantsii yak chynnyk efektyvnoi komunikatsii zi spozhyvachamy/ M. V. Nahorniak // Psykholinhvistyka. - 2015. - Vyp. 17. - S. 264-274 Стаття надюлана до редакцп 10.05.2016
М. Нагорняк
РАД1ОЗАРИСОВКА ЯК ОДИН З1 ЗАСОБ1В НАЩОНАЛЬНО-ПАТР1ОТИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ В УКРАШСЬКИХ РОДИНАХ (ЗА МАТЕРИАЛАМИ СТУДЕНТСЬКИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ПРОГРАМ)
Упродовж останнього часу (2014-2015 рр.) Украгна переживае надзвичайно склады й потужн сустльно-полтичн ката^зми, зумовлен револющею Гiдностi, анекЫею Автономног Республти Крим з боку Роси, военними дiями на сходi Украгни щодо захисту гг територiально'г цiлiсностi та державного суверентету. В вторичному сена це е той перюд, коли кожен громадянин Украгни мае проявити максимум сустльно'г свiдомостi, максимум патрютично'г налаштованостi задля того, щоб у непростий час 1з гiднiстю не лише вистояти, але й перемогти у двобог 1з тдступним супротивником.
Бшьшкть зi свiдомо налаштованих громадян проживають у родинах. Саме Ымейне коло, до якого належать рiднi й близью, виступае своерiдним майданчиком для формування свтоглядних позицт молодих людей, гартування гхшх протестних настрогв, вибудовування атмосфери повног довiри й тдтримки. Реалiзувати таю висок цш покликане нацюнально-патрютичне виховання молодi в украгнських родинах.
В цт статтi йдеться, насамперед, про тi засоби, за допомогою яких необхiдно здтснювати патрютичне виховання студентiв, як обрали свогм майбуттм фахом найдемократичтшу професю у свт - професю журнал^та.
Одним iз найбшьш дiевих й ефективних засобiв здтснення нацюнально-патрютичного виховання студентськог молодi е, як засвiдчуе практика, тдготовка навчальних передач, а саме зарисовок на военну тематику. Художньо-публщистичне радюмовлення, до якого й належить радюзарисока, з-помiж тших видiв радюмовлення мае чи не найпотужюший потенщал задля системного та цшеспрямованого здтснення нацюнально-патрютичного виховання завдяки свогм виражальним можливостям.
Таким чином, можна iз упевнетстю говорити про те, що зарисовка «Лист до вояка АТО» як жанррадюпублщистики виконала свою сощальну й педагогiчну мшг, як полягають у формуванш в украгнських родинах та, зокрема, молодих гг представниках нацюнальног свiдомостi, державницького мислення, громадянськог позицгг. Завдяки такому практично-духовному освоенню дiйсностi в молодих людей виховуються патрютичю почуття, що е основою виховання високорозвинених особистостей, упевнених державотворщв Украгни.
Клю^о^^ слова: радюзарисовка, художньо-публщистичне радюмовлення, виражальн засоби, навчальнарадюпрограма.
М. Нагорняк
РАДИОЗАРИСОВКА КАК ОДНО ИЗ СРЕДСТВ НАЦИОНАЛЬНО-ПАТРИОТИЧЕСКОГО ВОСПИТАНИЯ В УКРАИНСКИХ СЕМЬЯХ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ СТУДЕНЧЕСКИХ УЧЕБНЫХ ПЕРЕДАЧ)
На протяжении последнего времени (2014-2015 гг.) Украина переживает чрезвычайно сложные и масштабные общественно-политические катаклизмы, связанные с революцией Достоинства, аннексией Автономной Республики Крым со стороны России, военными действиями на востоке Украины касательно защиты ее территориальной целостности и государственного суверенитета. В историческом смысле этот период является таким, когда каждый гражданин Украины обязан проявить максимум общественной сознательности, максимум патриотической настроенности для того, чтобы в непростое время с честью не только выстоять, но и победить в борьбе с коварным врагом.
Большинство из сознательно настроенных граждан проживают в семьях. Именно семейный круг, к которому принадлежат родные и близкие, выступает своего рода площадкой для формирования мировоззренческих позиций, закалки их протестных настроений, выстраивания атмосферы полного доверия и поддержки. Реализовать такие высокие цели призвано национально-патриотическое воспитание в украинских семьях.
В этой статье речь идет, прежде всего, о тех средствах, с помощью которых необходимо осуществлять национально-патриотическое воспитание студентов, которые выбрали своей будущей специальностью одну из самых демократичных профессий в мире - профессию журналиста.
Среди наиболее действенных и эффективных способов осуществления национально-патриотического воспитания студенческой молодежи является, как свидетельствует практика, подготовка учебных передач, а именно зарисовок на военную тематику. Художественно-публицистическое радиовещание, к которому принадлежит радиозарисовка, имеет едва ли не самый широкий потенциал для системного и целенаправленного осуществления национально-патриотического воспитания благодаря своим выразительным возможностям.
Таким образом, можно с уверенностью о том, что зарисовка «Письмо к воину АТО» как жанр радиопублицистики в полной мере выполнила свою социальную и педагогическую миссии, которые состоят в формировании в украинских семьях и в частности молодых ее представителей национальной сознательности, государственного мышления, гражданской позиции. Благодаря такому практическо-духовному освоению действительности у молодых людей воспитываются патриотические чувства, которые являются основой для становления высокоразвитых личностей, уверенных творцов государственности Украины.
Ключевые слова: радиозарисовка, художественно-публицистическое радиовещание, выразительные средства, учебная радиопрограмма.
УДК [930.85:316.347](477)
I. М. Наколонко
КОНЦЕПТ ЗДОРОВ'Я ТА ЗДОРОВОГО СПОСОБУ ЖИТТЯ У КУЛЬТУР1 Й МЕНТАЛЬН1СТ1 УКРА1НЦШ ДО1НДУСТР1АЛЬНОГО АГРАРНОГО
СУСПЫЬСТВА
