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Quranic influence on Baytajean poetic language
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-17-1.2-259-260
Mustafi Muhamed, PhD in Philology As. Prof. of Arabic Language Faculty of Islamic Sciences, Skopje, Macedonia Email: [email protected]
Quranic influence on Baytajean poetic language
Abstract: We should not be surprised if we see that the Holy Book Quran is inspiring even for literary and poets as it is for people of Sharia, Philosophy, Apologetics and other fields that existed in the history of Muslims, no matter which nation they belong.
Baytajean poets' period of time experienced a remarkable influence of the Middle East, either directly from the Quran or from known literary and poets.
This group of poets have confirmed that the Holy Book of Quran cannot be only a Book of religious teachings but also of poetic inspiration, and for this reason, we clearly see in their poems words and stories taken from the verses of Qur'an, which have enriched their poetic language and literary expressions, and this influence assures their specific poetic nature. Keywords: Quran, Baytaje, influence, language, poetry.
Poets have no limits in their inspirations and they usually take impressions from anything that can be a part of their poetic creativity. They are under the influence of everything that is around them, especially when they are under the influence of reciting the God's word. "The Quran has always been admired for its restrained and grace of style, its eloquence and refinement. Its sapid prose and lapidary style are instantly recognized as ingredients of its sublime charm" [1, P. 122]. The poets of all periods during the Islamic History, "looked upon the Quran as a source of poetic inspiration, derived and borrowed from it many of their ideas, images and phrases, and based on it their political and religious arguments." [2, P. 327].
Viewed from side, the Holy Qur'an, by itself gives the impression of a rhyming prose, while its last quarter, more resembles poetry thought it is not a poetry. The rhyming vibrant, except that figured sounds, targets any content and defines the dimensions of emotional, symbolic and aesthetic meanings [3, P. 111].
Among the stylistic figures in the Qur'an, except personification, allegory and comparison, there are quite tropes such as metaphor, irony, repetition... And also, the antithesis, epithet, allusion and symbols occupy the prominent place, too [3, P. 112].
There is no doubt that the outlined and mentioned topics have impacted on Albanian Baytajes. Same religious themes of knowledge, enlightenment, ethics, moralizing, social and historical narrations will be treated by the baytajean Albanian poet Muham-
mad Ky^yku — Qami, as in "Risala-i Bergjevi", "Erveheja", "Gur-betlite", "Bekriu" "Yusufi e Zulejhaja" etc.
Furthermore, Muhammad Ky^yku — Qami, as I have mentioned here in this article, does not hesitate at all to accept by himself that he has found the meaning of his poetic topics and words in the Holy Qur'an:
All these highlighted words, I saw them written in the Book [4, 136].
Indeed, we find it difficult to access and mention all Baytajes that, either directly or indirectly, were affected by the Holy Book Quran, because they are many.
But, according to the old Arabian saying: "What is not reached all, cannot entirely be left", I will try, in the following, to present some Baytajes that Quran was their source of inspiration.
Zenel Bastari was strongly affected by the Qur'an, and after accusations that were made by men of Tirana and led by clerics, that he has deviated from the path of faith, he was calm to answer on these unfounded charges by saying these words: I trust in the perfect man My direction is to Qibla and Quran, I am lookingforward to,
My brother, I need to find a (honest) man [5, P. 76].
Sheikh Ahmad, in his poem "Mire se erdhe shpirti revam" — (Welcome to the honest soul), says:
Section 15. Philology and linguistics
Welcome to the soul,
That came from the other,
All creatures accepted faith,
Your place is in Arshu Ala [6, P. 437].
The large impact of Quran is seen in the language that was used by Baytajes and significantly influenced their creativity. Many Quranic teachings of our Baytajes were taken after they have meticulously studied them, and after that, they have given their opinions and conclusions, and then from these Quranic lessons, they were inspired and wrote their own poems, sometimes even they modified them, ie adapting to the Albanian environment and comprehension.
So, the Holy Book Quran quite influenced the Albanian Baytaje creativity but, in addition to this, we can say that they were significantly affected by the emerging Quranic stories, too and then, based on those narrations, they have created and platted their artistic and poetic words, articles and numerous verses...
Quran, as a divine book, also contains plenty of stories of various people, fate of the people, upheaval, tragedy, victory, triumph, etc, starting from Adam, as the first man on the face of the earth, until the last days of Prophet Muhammad's life.
In the Qur'an we also find stories ofAdam and Eve, Joseph and Zulayha, David (Dawood), Pharaoh (Fir'awn) and Moses (Musa), Jesus (Maseh-Isa) and Miriam (Maryam), the cataclysm (Resurrection) and many other events [7, P. 164].
No doubt that these stories, as they had influenced Arabian, Turkish, Persian, Bosnian and Indo-Muslim poets, will significantly impact on the Albanian Baytajes, too.
In the framework of this, we can talk about the field of translation studies included the Holy Quran, books of family life, religious missionary of the Prophet Muhammad, Muhammad's contemporary books, books for his stories about the descent of the Quran and the difficult road and full of sacrifices and determination to sanctions of Islam that match Hadith books, Islamic practice books and victories of Islam, books in the field of philosophy of Islam, moral and Islamic ethics, books of Islamic history, books of basic knowledge of Islam derived from Quran, Hadith, Fiqh, Aqaid, Islamic civilization etc. [8, P. 17].
Among the Baytajes, the best known in this area, namely in the use of the Quranic narratives, without doubt is Hasan Zyko
Kamberi. We have inherited many of his famous poems and manuscripts, which obviously contains such influence and narrative impact.
From the saved works of Hasan Zyko Kamberi, we have the religious poem: "Istor'i e Abraamit me Agare, Agare nga e cila duale Ismailitet" (History of Abraham and Agar, Agar that from her have been descended the Ishmaeles), which clearly shows that the subject of the story is taken from the Quran which talks about the story of Abraham's wife, Hagar and their son Ishmael.
Ibrahim Nezimi (Frakulla), in his writings, also uses figures emanating from the Quran. Among these distinguished figures, such as the Prophet Muhammad, Abraham, Zakariya, Isa, then "As'habi Kiram" (Companions of the Prophet Muhammad), Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali, Hasan, Hussein and other names and figures like Gabriel, the Hour, Paradise, Hell, the Hereafter, iman, Islam, religion, ummah, angels, satan, etc.
All these figures represent or symbolize different views, situations, images and descriptions of Islamic religious life [9, P. 48]
Ibrahim Nezimi (Frakulla), in his "Divan", says: Inform the entire world, Nezimi left no pleasure. Whoever serves this world, Will end up in hell,
For Abraham it became a paradise [9, P. 49].
Quran has rich phraseology and expressions and through it, the authors (Baytajean poets) express a wide range of issues."The text of the Quran introduced complex and interchangeable characters who were no ordinary mortals and were of symbolic potential" [2, P. 246]. Quran, as the Islamic Holy Book, is distinguished by its syntagmatic character.
As a conclusion of this paper, it is possible to say that a sentence or a phrase can be explained in many variants and different types of interpretations, and this means that there is a lot of subtext rich phenomena that confirms its diversification, and for this particular reason, it has been a source for many Albanian writers, especially for the period of Baytajes. Their ability to understand the Quranic style of expression gave them an opportunity to use it in their poetic language in an easy way as they were experts on its comprehensive views and notions.
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