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Section 2. Administrative law
Dr. Le Van Dinh, associate professor, Political Academy Region III Dr. Dinh Trung Thanh, Vinh University Master Lu Quang Ngoi, PhD., student at Vinh University E-mail: dinhtrungthanhdhv@gmail.com
PUBLIC POLICY AND THE IMPACT OF GROUP INTERESTS ON THE PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC POLICY IN VIETNAM
Abstract: The process of making public policy is influenced by institutional factors, organizations, interest groups, and socio-cultural factors. In political institutions, interest groups have a great impact on the process of planning and implementing public policy. In Vietnam, interest groups have a twofold (positive and negative) impact on the formulation and implementation of public policy. Finding ways to reduce the negative impact of "interest groups" on the planning and implementation of public policies in Vietnam is very necessary.
Keywords: Public policy in Vietnam.
1. Public policy
Public policy is a holistic program of action by the state that addresses community issues in the areas of social life in a certain way in order to achieve goals and ensure that The society develops sustainably and stably. Public policy is the product ofthe process ofexercising the political power of the ruling class (through the state apparatus); So that policy must first be class (in accordance with the interests of the ruling class). Beside the class; Public policy also requires nationalism (in accordance with cultural, psychological, ethnic, religious and religious traits) and humanity (in line with the trends of progressive development of mankind).
Public policy-making processes are influenced by institutional factors, organizations, interest groups,
and socio-cultural factors. The political system here refers primarily to the political system of ruling class. The political system of the ruling class dominates (largely decisively) the process of policy planning and implementation from start to finish. The political system consists of organizations and institutions as the subject of political decisions-those with the apparatus, legal status, constitutional law. Organizations and institutions in the system have the purpose, function to implement, participate in the exercise of state power, political power; making or participating in political decisions, into the implementation of national policies. In political institutions, interest groups have a great impact on the process of planning and implementing public policy. Beneficial
groups fight for their interests by influencing the direction and policy making of political parties and the government. These are groups of people who share the same interests in order to influence the state's law-making and enforcement processes as well as the state's social-economic policies (public policy).
2. Political, economic and operational interests
2.1. In broad terms, interest groups are a set of individuals who share the same viewpoints and objectives of action for each social issue. and together realize that goal by influencing the government's policy formulation. In the narrow sense, interest groups are lobbying groups, influencing the government to seek the privileges and privileges of its own groups in policy formulation and implementation. In Western countries, political interest groups are understood to be comprised of members of a society of the same opinion, with common interests interconnected by a voluntary regime, to a certain extent, certain modes affect state power for the sake of the interests, needs of the members of the group or serve the common interests of the community.
Political interest groups are an additional form of parliamentary representation, which is an important link in the mechanism for the exercise and transformation of political power, acting as an intermediary between the government and the citizen, reflecting the attitudes of different groups of people in society towards the state. The economic interest group is a voluntary gathering of those with similar views and economic goals to influence the planning process. Identify and implement government policies to seek the benefits of your team or the public interest.
2.2. The mode of operation of political interest groups and economic interest groups is mainly "lobbying" (with procedures for seeking contact, information - persuading the issues being asked; voters -through contacts, telephones, letters, newspapers, support for election campaigns); conduct hearings with lawmakers, submit petitions, inquiries or research findings, information to the government and relevant officials; sponsoring candidates for election
to the legislature, the executive; Participating in or criticizing the bills ...
3. The two sides of the interest group
3.1. Positive aspects: Objectively, economic interest groups have a positive and negative impact on the socio-economic development of a country, On the positive side, economic interest groups have also contributed a small part to the formation and promotion of socio-economic development through the development and implementation of government policies. Suggested many important policies, including the drafting of bills. Economic interest groups have also provided important information to agencies that draft and publish policies on practicality, urgent needs (through surveys of associations), standards technical and legal issues in the professional field. Economic interest groups also contribute to making policies go into the realities of life and overcoming the power of officials through supervisory activities. and social criticism. This shows that not all group benefits are bad, because in fact there are many group benefits that serve the interests of the community such as protecting the ecological environment, protecting the interests of farmers, protecting protect consumer interests .
3.2. Negative: In this respect, when the "interest groups" in any way, tricks to achieve their own interests (with privileges, privileges); Seriously infringing upon the common interests of the community, society, nation ... by taking advantage of the "friendly" relationship to profit from the policy in many areas (many of them Capitalism - crony capitalism.
In the field of economics, it is profiting from land management and use (in planning, land use planning, changing land use and land acquisition...); In public investment (in capital construction investment, state-owned enterprises investment, procurement of public assets); mining of mineral resources (from licensing to mining); in the field of finance - banking (linked to unlawful acquisition of commercial banks by some major groups of banks, preferential in guarantee, credit for home businesses through
cross-ownership in the banking system...); In the equitization of state-owned enterprises.
In the political field, it is the phenomenon of lobbying the promulgation of resolutions, decisions and conclusions of the Party committees and organizations at different levels (in the areas of planning, infrastructure construction, land allocation, forest, mining ...); Taking advantage of the organizational, staff and / or inspection, supervision, inspection and auditing activities (reflected through the interests in advisory activities, in the reception, arrangement of work and rotation, appointment, promotion - the expression of the so-called "correct process" in the past time is typical example, intimidation, general suggestion when detecting signs of wrong ...). The Resolution of the Fourth Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, XII also indicated the manifestations of this "group benefit", such as: "... enlisted to appoint relatives, acquaintances, relatives It does not meet the criteria, conditions for holding leadership posts, management or arrangement and position in the position has many benefits ... Abuse, abuse of positions and powers assigned to tolerate, cover up hand for corruption, negative. Ability in the work of cadres; to run, to run, to run, to run, to run, to run, to run . to use the power assigned to serve personal interests or to relatives and acquaintances take advantage of the position and authority of I want to profit ... "[1].
4. Causes and solutions to limit negative impacts of "interest groups" on the formulation and implementation of public policies in Vietnam
4.1. The cause of formation and development of "group interests" the lack of a legal framework to promote the positive and limit the positive aspects of group interests; lack of transparency and lack of science in the planning and implementation of policies; bureaucracy; "give-give" mechanism; the habit of accepting symbiotism and wrongdoing; the degeneration of ideology, politics, ethics, lifestyle of a large number of cadres, party members and weaknesses in the operation of some Party organizations;
the unclear and clear about the competence and responsibility of the individual heads of the executive committees, administrations, agencies and units; If there is no blocking mechanism, the "group interests" (negative impacts) will inhibit the socio-economic development of the country and the region. units, agencies; degrading morality, the way of life of a "not a small part" of cadres and party members (especially those who are in office). That would undermine the "trust of cadres, party members and people in the Party, the regime is on the decline" [2].
4.2. In order to prevent, limit the negative side of "group interests" to the formulation and implementation of public policies in Vietnam, it is necessary to implement the following solutions:
- To build a mechanism of publicity and transparency, democracy in planning and implementing guidelines, guidelines and policies; Eliminate the "ask-give" mechanism, the monopoly in some economic fields. Complete state policies and laws to prevent and prevent the exploitation of legal gaps for self-seeking purposes; Improve legal regulations on associations, lobby law, laws on the issuance of legal documents, information access law, antitrust law.
- Build up the mechanism of inspection, supervision of the head is clear, clear. Publicity and transparency in the recruitment, reception, placement, appointment and promotion of cadres, and regular rotation of staff in sensitive fields and positions.
- Build a clean, strong party organization; Strengthening the management, supervision, cadre staff (especially the leaders); Leaders fight drastically, effectively prevent corruption, degraded ethics of lifestyle of Party members; To attach importance to cultivating culture within the Party, state agencies and unions; Consider this as an important factor for building a clean, strong political system.
- Regular education, moral revolution for cadres, party members; continue to accelerate the study of the Resolution of the Fourth Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party ofVietnam,
XI, XII and Directive No. 05-CT/TW dated May 15, - Strengthening social supervision and criticism 2016 on promoting the learning and doing according ofVietnam Fatherland Front and mass organizations, to ideology, morality, Ho Chi Minh style: raising the role of masters of citizens.
References:
1. Communist Party ofVietnam, Resolution of the Fourth Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (XII th Legislature No 4 - NQ/TW) on strengthening the Party building and reorganization; to prevent, repel the degeneration of political thought, morality, lifestyles, "self-evolving", "self-transformation" within. Hanoi, October 30, 2016.
2. Communist Party of Vietnam. Document of the 12th National Congress. National Political Publishing House. Hanoi 2016.- 68 p.
3. Communist Party of Vietnam. Document of the 12th National Congress. National Political Publishing House. Hanoi 2016.- 128 p.
